• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1686-1692
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the effects of the chitosan oligosaccharide administration on the improvement of the lipid compositions, blood glucose and enzyme activities in the serum of hypercholesterolemic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in serum were higher in the hypercholesterolemic group (group CW) and cholesterol+chitosan oligosaccharide administration group (group CCW) than those in the control group (group BW, basal diet+water). But the concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were lower in the group CCW than those in the CW, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the group CCW were higher than in the group CW. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the group CCW than in the hypercholesterolemic group CW. From the above results, it was suggested that chitosan oligosaccharide administration was effective in the prevention and improvement of the lipid level, blood glucose and enzyme activities in serum of hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1794-1801
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effects of soluble collagen peptides extract supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid components and enzyme activities in the sera of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) in serum were remarkably higher in the diabetic group (group SW) and STZ (IP)+collagen peptides extract supplementation group (group SFW) than those in the control group (group CG, basal diet + water). However the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were lower in the SFW group than in the SW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the SFW group were higher than in the SW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the SFW group than in the diabetic SW group. The results shown above suggest that soluble collagen peptides extract supplementation effectively improves blood glucose, lipid compositions and enzyme activities in the sera of STZ induced diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.392-398
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to assess improvements caused by silk sericin extract in blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of streptozotocin(STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced diabetic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. Serum concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride(TG) and phospholipids(PL) were remarkably higher in the diabetic group(group BSW) and STZ(I.P.)-plus-silk sericin extract group(group ESS) than in the control group(group CG, basal diet-plus-water). However, the serum concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL were lower in the ESS group than in the BSW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the ESS group were higher than in the BSW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase(AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the ESS group than in the diabetic BSW group. The results shown above suggested that silk sericin extract effectively improves blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2008

This study examined the effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on the anthropometric measurements, bone mineral density(BMD), biochemical markers of bone turnover, serum lipid levels of and macrominerals status in 30 female university students living in Choongnam with low dietary Ca intake was low(mean daily $intake=524.66{\pm}21.47$ mg/day). The subjects received the MPT supplemented(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The nutrient content per 100 g MPT was 84.10 kcal(energy), 8.98 g(protein), 0.53 mg(fiber), 211.33 mg(Ca) and 1.59 g(fat). Anthropometric measurements, 24-hour dietary recall, carpus BMD using DEXA, select BMD biomarckers(serum alkaline phophatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary deoxypyridinoline), serum protein levels, albumin, and glucose levels, lipid profiles(cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) were analyzed before and after MPT supplementation. Following MPT supplementation, there was no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, carpus BMD, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum levels of protein, albumin, and glucose or lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF. However, there were significant increases in dietary calcium as well as decreases in serum triglycerides with MPT supplementation. Although further research is needed, these results that regular intake MPT could prevent bone and cardiovascular diseases.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

We investigated the pathogenesis of liver tissue damage during the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis with the observation of correlations between the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) and lipid peroxidation in liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, normal and $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. intoxicated group. And the one group was treated intragastrically with the mixture of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The liver tissue and sera were used for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total-bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Additionally, the expression of collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) and $\beta$-actin mRNA was observed by RTPCR. The histological change in liver tissue was also observed by Masson's trichrome and H&E staining. Correlation analysis was carried by Spearman's rho method. All biochemical parameters except total-bilirubin were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group (p < 0.01). In the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group, Hyp as a parameter of collagen synthesis (deposition) and MDA as a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated by 1.98 and 2.11 times higher than that of the normal group (p < 0.001) respectively. The activity of SOD in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group is decreased significantly by 44.8% (p < 0.001). And collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) mRNA was more expressed in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group. However, the expression of $\beta$-actin mRNA is showed similar in both of groups. A good correlation was observed between the content of hyp and MDA concentration (r = 0.70, n = 40) in the two groups. And the correlation between the levels of hyp and SOD (r = -0.71, n = 25) is also reliable. However, no correlation were observed between MDA concentration and SOD (r = -0.40, n = 25) in the two groups. Elevated levels of MDA in $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated rats indicated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity. Moreover, we could confirm that the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) is in good correlation with the metabolite of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the lipid peroxidation antagonizing enzyme (SOD). Hence, we propose that (1) lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) could be enhanced by intragastrically application of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. during a short terms. And (2) the intoxication of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. could be used for monitoring of lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) for test of antioxidant and antifibrotic agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-238
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• 2016

Background: The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of lipid emulsion on vasodilation caused by toxic doses of bupivacaine and mepivacaine during contraction induced by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), in an isolated endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Methods: The effects of lipid emulsion on the dose-response curves induced by bupivacaine or mepivacaine in an isolated aorta precontracted with PDBu were assessed. In addition, the effects of bupivacaine on the increased intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) and contraction induced by PDBu were investigated using fura-2 loaded aortic strips. Further, the effects of bupivacaine, the PKC inhibitor GF109203X and lipid emulsion, alone or in combination, on PDBu-induced PKC and phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein of myosin phosphatase (CPI-17) phosphorylation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was examined by western blotting. Results: Lipid emulsion attenuated the vasodilation induced by bupivacaine, whereas it had no effect on that induced by mepivacaine. Lipid emulsion had no effect on PDBu-induced contraction. The magnitude of bupivacaine-induced vasodilation was higher than that of the bupivacaine-induced decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. PDBu promoted PKC and CPI-17 phosphorylation in aortic VSMCs. Bupivacaine and GF109203X attenuated PDBu-induced PKC and CPI-17 phosphorylation, whereas lipid emulsion attenuated bupivacaine-mediated inhibition of PDBu-induced PKC and CPI-17 phosphorylation. Conclusions: These results suggest that lipid emulsion attenuates the vasodilation induced by a toxic dose of bupivacaine via inhibition of bupivacaine-induced PKC and CPI-17 dephosphorylation. This lipid emulsion-mediated inhibition of vasodilation may be partly associated with the lipid solubility of local anesthetics.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2012

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is important in the regulation of metabolic diseases and has emerged as a promising signaling target. Previously, we reported the PTP1B inhibitory activity of Rheum undulatum (RU). In the present study, we investigated the metabolic regulatory effects of RU in a high-fat diet (HFD) model. RU treatment significantly blocked body weight gain, which was accompanied by a reduction of feed efficiency. In addition, it led to a reduction of liver weight mediated by overexpression of PPAR${\alpha}$ and CPT1 in the liver, and an increase in the expression of adiponectin, aP2, and UCP3 in adipose tissue responsible for the reduction of total and LDL-cholesterol levels. Chrysophanol and physcion from RU significantly inhibited PTP1B activity and strongly enhanced insulin sensitivity. Altogether, our findings strongly suggest that 2 compounds are novel PTP1B inhibitors and might be considered as anti-obesity agents that are effective for suppressing body weight gain and improving lipid homeostasis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.768-776
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• 2006

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in obesity. However, weight reduction alone does not prevent the progression of NAFLD to end-stage disease associated with the development of cirrhosis and liver disease. In a previous experiment, 50% ethanol extract of Acanthopanax senticosus stem bark (ASSB) was found to reduce body weight and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic ICR mice. To evaluate the anti-steatosis action of ASSB, insulin-resistant ob/ob mice with fatty livers were treated with ASSB ethanol extract for an 8 week-period. ASSB ethanol extract reversed the hepatomegaly, as evident in reduction of % liver weight/body weight ratio. ASSB ethanol extract also specifically lowered circulating glucose and lipids, and enhanced insulin action in the liver. These changes culminated in inhibition of triglyceride synthesis in non-adipose tissues including liver and skeletal muscle. Gene expression studies confirmed reductions in glucose 6-phosphatase and lipogenic enzymes in the liver. These results demonstrate that ASSB ethanol extract is an effective treatment for insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice by decreasing hepatic lipid synthesis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2006

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae) has been used as a seasoned vegetable by living in coastal areas. S. herbacea (SH) has been demonstrated to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and to show anti-oxidative effect. In a series of investigations to develop potential anti-diabetic and/or anti-hyperlipidemic agents from Korean indigenous plants, 50% ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea was found to prevent the onset of the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet in ICR mice. At 6 week old, the ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups; two control and three treatment groups. The control mice were to receive either a regular diet (RD) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment groups were fed a high fat diet with either 350 mg/kg, 700 mg/kg of SH (SH350 and SH700) or 250 mg/kg of met-formin (MT250) for a 10-week period. SH not only reduced body weight but also corrected associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose dependent manner. SH exerted beneficial effects on the plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis possibly ascribed to its specific effects on lipogenesis related genes (SREBP1a, FAS, GAPT), and PEPCK, glucose 6-phosphatase gene expressions in liver. Ethanol extract of S. herbacea has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes (and possibly hyperlipidemia) and deserves future clinical trial.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1987

The effects of ethanol extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis, Polggonatum officinale, Poria cocos, Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax sessiliflorum on the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were examined and following results were obtained. By the administration of these extracts, PCBs intoxicated rats showed the normalizing tendency in body weights and various hematological parameters-counts of red blood cell and white blood cell, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value. These extracts ameliorated the elevated levels of serum cholesterol, total lipids, $_{8}-GOT-,\;_{8}-GPT$ and s-alkaline phosphatase activities of PCBs intoxicated rats.