• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.175-181
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• 1998

The relation between lipid peroxidation and thrombotic reaction were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to normal and STZ-induced diabetic group(DM). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of body weight of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of basal diet. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Body weight gains were lower in diabetic group after STZ injection. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances(TBARS) that were markedly increased in DM group compared with of normal group. TBARS levels of HDL and LDL were similar patterns to total TBARA of serum. Activities of platelet phospholipase A2(PLA2) were higher in diabetic group than those of normal group. Activities of platelet cyclooxygenase were 106% in DM group than normal group. Platelet thromboxane A2(TXA2) formation was increased in DM group than normal group. Production of aortic prostacyclin(PGI2) was lower in diabetic group than that of normal group. PGI2/TXA2 ratios were decreased by 55% in DM groups than those of normal group. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stess which leads to acceleration of lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregability. In conclusion, accelerating effect of lipid peroxidation and thrombogenesis in diabetic state is regareded to be resulted from enhancement of PLA2 activity and arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibition of antiaggrgating agent and aortic PGI2 formation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.770-780
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, the serum lipid levels and the nutrient intakes of two groups according to their alcohol intake, smoking habits, regular exercise patterns, menopause status and obesity levels. The subjects consisted of 180 clinically normal adults (males 89, females 91) in the Youngdong area. There were significant differences in the triglyceride (TG) concentrations between the alcohol consumers (169.3 \pm 130.0 mg/dl) and the non-alcohol consumers (111.4 \pm 64.5 mg/dl), and the smokers (165.0 \pm 103.6 mg/dl) and the non-smokers (110.8 \pm 39.0 mg/dl). Although regular exercise did not affect the serum lipid levels, the dietary intakes of cholesterol, niacin and phosphate were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the male exercising group than in the male non-exercising group, and female exercising group consumed more polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05) than the female non-exercising group. The waist/hip ratio. serum total cholesterol (198.4 \pm 36.3 mg/dl) and serum LDL-cholesterol (119.5 \pm 34.9 mg/dl) levels of the postmenopausal females were significantly higher than those of the premenopausal females (p<0.01). The obese males showed higher serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL, and relative cholesterol levels than those of the normal-weight males : and the obese females showed higher serum TG levels than that of the normal-weight females (p<0.01). These results suggested that drinking, smoking, menopause and obesity are risk factors for hyperlipidemia. Thus, moderation in alcohol consumption, non-smoking, regular exercise and the maintenance of normal weight are necessary to Prevent hyperlipidemia in middle-aged People.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.672-679
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• 2005

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease has the potential to lead to sudden in-flight incapacitation and permanent grounding. The aims of this study are to examine the relationships between lifestyle, job stress and blood lipid levels of male aircrew personnel of a Korean airline and to identify which factors influence their hyper-lipidemia. Methods. Two hundred sixteen male aircrew personnel completed a questionnaire by self-report and consented to participate in the study. The questionnaire collected data related to job stress, life style, serum cholesterol levels and general characteristics of the aircrew. The cholesterol levels of the subjects were collected from their most recent health check-up records. Subjects were divided into two groups (the desirable group and the risk group) based on their serum cholesterol level, 200 mg/dl. Results. Mean age and marital status were significantly different between the two groups. More subjects in the risk group had habits of eating high lipid foods, while more subjects in the desirable group exercised more frequently than the risk group. In logistic regression analysis, after controlling age and marital status, types of working situation (domestic duty or international duty, odds ratio=.390, p=.018), diet (odds ratio=.429, p=.037), and exercise (odds ratio=.320, p=.055) were influencing factors on aircrew's serum cholesterol lev-els. Conclusions. The cholesterol level of aircrew personnel is closely related to their lifestyle, such as lipid diet and exercise. The type of work situations, e.g. staying in an airplane for long periods of time or staying abroad, may influence these diet patterns and exercise habits.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of seven dietary oils on the serum lipid patterns of rats. Seventy weanling Wistar Kyoto rats were divided into seven groups of ten rats each. Walnut oil (rich in PUFA), wheat germ oil (rich in PUFA), corn oil (rich in PUFA), canola oil (rich in monounsaturated fatty acids), fish oil (rich in PUFA), primrose oil (rich in PUFA), and palm oil (rich in saturated fatty acids) were employed for 21 days. Serum total cholesterol concentrations for rats fed palm oil, walnut oil, and wheat germ oil were significantly higher than were concentrations for rats receiving corn oil. fish oil, and primrose oil. The mean serum LDL cholesterol values for rats fed fish oil, primrose oil, and corn oil were significantly lower than those for rats fed walnut oil, wheat germ oil, canola oil, and palm oil. HDL cholesterol concentrations were the highest when wheat germ oil was fed and the lowest when fish oil was fed. The feeding of wheat germ oil and palm oil to rats resulted in considerably higher serum triglyceride levels than did all other treatments. The feeding of wheat germ oil to rats resulted in considerably higher serum phospholipid levels. Serum phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed the canola oil, fish oil, ,and primrose oil diets, when compared to concentrations achieved with the feeding of walnut oil, wheat germ oil, corn oil, and palm oil. Palm oil, which has a high ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulted in the highest serum total cholesterol and highest LDL cholesterol levels, while fish oil, primrose oil, and corn oil produced the lowest total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Wheat germ oil produced the highest values for HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. In general, feeding oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids produced more favorable responses than feeding oils containing large amounts of monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1992

The changes of protein bodies in endosperm cells of both seeds with red seed coat and indehiscent seeds of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer have been investigated in relation to the embryo development. In the early stage of seeds with red seed coat, spherical spherosomes were distributed in endosperm cells. Protein bodies were formed from vacuoles containing the storage protein. Cell organelles were hardly observed in the cytoplasm. In the late stage of the seed with red seed coat, the endosperm was filled with spherosomes and protein bodies. The protein bodies consisted of amorphous inclusions with high electron density or proteinaceous matrix with even electron density. In the seed of in dehiscence, the protein body in endosperm cells contained globoids and protein crystalloids. The globoid of protein body had a electron dense materials. Umbiliform layer was formed between embryo and endosperm. The deformation patterns of endosperm cell wall and the cellulose microfibril were observed in endosperm cells near the umbiliform layer. Umbiliform layer consisted of lipid body and autolyzed cell debris. The protein body of endosperm cell near the umbiliform layer showed various degenerative patterns, and so electron density of proteinaceous matrix was gradually decreased.reased.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 1999

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids of industrial workers. 226 for adult aged 20yr~59yr (average age 35.9yr) were selected as subjects during 6 months, from June to December, 1997. Nutrients intake was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows ; In total subjects, calories, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ were below Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances) and protein, iron, vitamin C, niacin and phosphorus were above Korean RDA. Distribution of BMI groups were underweight groups(7.9%), normalweight groups(63.3%) and overweight groups(28.8%). In BMI groups, intakes of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, niacin and potassium of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Intakes of calcium of underweight groups were lower than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.05). BMI increased with age. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, natrium and potassium were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Calcium and vitamin C were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.01). vitamin A and phosphorus were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.05). Total lipid, total-chol., triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). HDL-chol. were negatively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Above results, the more BMI and age increased, the worse patterns of serum lipid, so that increased atherogenic index that increased risk of atherosclerosis and degenerative chronic disease connected with serum lipid. After classified by BMI, age and lipid pattern, it will be managed individually for health management of industrial workers. Development and application of efficient program will be urgent for harmonious nutrition counseling and guidance.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1995

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental data on the metabolism of hibernant fish loach, Misgurnus mizolepis. Main focus was on the compositon of muscle components and its changes in fresh - water loach before and after spawning season and before and after hibernation. Distributional changes of carbohydrate, protein and lipid in the muscle tissues were also investigated. Change patterns of miosture and crude protein, and moisture and crude lipid were in inversely proportional, i.e. : moisture amount showed the lowest value after spawnig season, the highest just after hibernation, but crude protein and crude lipid were the highest values after spawning season, and the lowest just after hibernation. Carbohydrate showed the highest value just before hibernation and tended to decrease thereafter. Muco layer of epidermis and muscle cell of hypodermis layer in loach were remarkable in its PAS dyeing degree after sapwning season, and it was presumed to include high percentage of protein or carbohydrate. Dermis layer became thinner before spawning hibernation. Lipid component in female tended to distribute relatively widely in the muscle cell layer before spawning season, but in case of male mainly in muco layer and epidermis layer. It appeared that lipid was spreaded mainly in epidermis and hypodermis tissue after spawning season, while it prevailed in almost all tissues but tended to decrease after hibernation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 1991

Physicochemical properties and gelatinization patterns of defatted and lipid-reintroduced moist (Hwangmi) and dry (Suwon 147) type sweet potato starches were investigated. Starch granules of sweet potato were polygonal and round, and the sizes of starch granules ranged $5{\sim}13\;{\mu}m$. All starches showed Ca type in X-ray diffraction but relative crystallinity was decreased by defatting and reintroduction. The amylose content of defatted starches increased, but that of lipid-reintroduced starches decreased. The swelling power and solubility at each temperature increased by defatting, but decreased by reintroduction. Transmittance of Hwangmi and Suwon 147 showed a rapid increase at $60,\;65^{\circ}C$, respectively. The initial pasting temperature by amylograph of Hwangmi and Suwon 147 were $67.5^{\circ}C\;and\;72.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The peak viscosity and the height at $50^{\circ}C$ on amylogram of Hwangmi were lower than those of Suwon 147. Hot paste viscosity and setback decreased by defatting but setbak and consistency drastically increased by reintroduction. The peak temperature for gelatinization by the DSC was $65.7^{\circ}C$ for Hwangmi and $68.5^{\circ}C$ for Suwon 147. The gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of the DSC decreased and amylose-lipid melting peak was lost by defatting. The gelatinization temperature and enthalpy decreased by reintroduction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate protein expression patterns of liver in response to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by high-concentrate diet. Sixteen healthy mid-lactating goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high-concentrate (HC) diet. The HC diet was expected to induce SARA. After ensuring the occurrence of SARA, liver samples were collected. Proteome analysis with differential in gel electrophoresis technology revealed that, 15 proteins were significantly modulated in liver in a comparison between HF and HC-fed goats. These proteins were found mainly associated with metabolism and energy transfer after identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight. The results indicated that glucose, lipid and protein catabolism could be enhanced when SARA occurred. It prompted that glucose, lipid and amine acid in the liver mainly participated in oxidation and energy supply when SARA occurred, which possibly consumed more precursors involved in milk protein and milk fat synthesis. These results suggest new candidate proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate liver adaptation to SARA.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1986

This paper was intented to charily the cause of an increase of serum guanase activity in rats following injection of $CCI_4$. The cause of increasing serum guanase was focused on the change of guanase activities in both serum and liver, and additionally, these results were compared with the previously known alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Concomitantly the microscopic investigation on the histologic changes, and the determination of lipid peroxides of liver were combined in this experiment for a correlation to observe that the activity of guanase would be effected by the various degree of hepatic injury induced by $CCI_4$. The serum levels of guanase were increased about 2 fold in the fatty change stage (3-12 days), 5.2 fold representing the peak value in necrosis stage (21days), 4.5 fold in early cirrhosis stage (48 days), and 2 fold in severe cirrhosis stage (92 days). These changes of serum guanase activity showed similar patterns to those of ALT activity and lipid peroxides in liver cell. The changes of liver guanase activities showed an increase, whereas ALT activities in liver were markedly decreased. It is likely that the increase of serum guanase activity is based on the excess leaking of guanase into blood by the result of accelerated enzyme synthesis in liver cell of $CCI_4$ intoxicated rats. In addition, the possibility could not be ruled out, however, that the increase of serum guanase activity would be caused by the alteration of membrane permeability.