• Applied Microscopy
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1980

인삼의 근피층에서 확인된 분비관의 분포, 분비상피세포의 미세구조, 후형질성 함유물의 성분등을 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 추구하였다. 1) 분비관은 배축, 근피층, 엽맥 유관속의 배축면과 향축면, 줄기의 유관속을 사이에 두고 피층과 수층 및 수내(髓內)에서 관찰되었다. 2) 근피층에 존재하는 분비관은 형성층에서 분화함이 확인되었고, 분비관의 환상배열층은 근령(根令)을 추정하는 구조적인 지표가 된다고 믿어진다. 3) 분비상피세포는 인(仁), 미토콘드리아, 소포체가 매우 발달되었으며, ribosome, chromoplast, leucoplast, dictyosome과 저장과립인 전분립이 관찰되었다. 4) 상피세포로는 단층이고 세포질과 분비관내에는 sudanophyl, osmophyl inclusion이 확인되었지만 Pyridin 및 alcohol로 lipid를 추출하였을 때에는 이들 함유물이 관찰되지 않았다. 5) Nile blue반응에서 상피세포내에는 oxazin에 반응하는 산성지질이, 분비관에는 oxazone에 반응하는 중성지질이 검출되었다. 6) 세포내 분비과립은 $OsO_4$단일고정시 전자밀도가 매우 높았다. 따라서 이 물질의 주성분은 불포화성지질인것 같으며 인삼의 분비관은 지질대사와 밀접한 관련성이 있는 것으로 믿어지므로 인삼이 지니는 분비관은 지질분비관(lipid canal 또는 lipid duct)으로 명명됨이 바람직하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to evaluate effect of Sauropus androgynus extract (SAE) on egg production and lipid metabolism in layer chickens. Forty-eight layers aged 42 weeks (strain RIR) were distributed to 6 treatment groups as follows. One group was fed diet without SAE as the control ($P_0$), and other five groups were fed diet plus hot water-extracted SAE at level of 9 g/kg diet ($W_9$), diet plus ethanol extracted SAE at level of 0.9 g/kg diet ($E_{0.9}$), diet plus ethanol extracted SAE at level of 1.8 g/kg ($E_{1.8}$), diet plus methanol extracted SAE at level of 0.9 g/kg ($M_{0.9}$), and diet plus methanol extracted SAE at level of 1.8 g/kg ($M_{1.8}$). It was shown that SAE inclusion significantly increased egg production (p<0.05). Methanol-extracted SAE groups had lower egg production than ethanol-extracted SAE group (p<0.05). SAE supplemented groups had better feed conversion efficiency than the unsupplemented group (p<0.05). It was shown that ethanol extracted SAE resulted in the lowest feed conversion efficiency among the SAE supplemented groups (p<0.05). SAE supplementation significantly reduced abdominal fat, gizzard surrounded fat, liver fat (p<0.05), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, VLDL+LDL-c (p<0.01), atherogenic index (p<0.05), egg cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.05), but it had no effect on mesenteric fat, sartorial fat and fatty liver score. In conclusion, SAE supplementation could increase egg production but reduced egg cholesterol.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid(18:2\omega6, LA) and aipha-linolenic acid(18:3\omega3. \alpha-LNA) levels on brain development and fatty acid compositions of various lipid classes in the chicken embryo brain tissues. Thirty two ISA Brown layers, 52 weeks-old, were divided into four groups. Birds of each group were given corn-soybean meal based diets added with 1) safflower oil 8%, 2) safflower oil 6% + perilla oil 2%, 3) safflower oil 2% + perilla oil 6%, or 4) perilla oil 8%. Mter 15 days fed the diets. the layers were artificially inseminated to obtain fertile eggs. During the incubation. embryonic brains were sampled at 15th and 21st days. Fatty acid contents were quantitated by using heptadecanoic acid (17:0) as an internal standard. No significant differences in brain weight and in contents of various lipids such as phospholipid. triglyceride, cholesterol. cholesterol ester and free fatty acid in the tissues were found among the dietary groups (P<0.05). The ratios of AA/LA in the brain lipid classes were lowered as the dietary levels of perilla oil were increased. Higher LA was found in phosphatidylcholine(PC) than arachidonic acid (20:4\omega6. AA), meanwhile the level of LA was less than AA in phosphatidylethanolamine(PE). Docosahexaenoic acid(22:6\omega3, DHA) was the* major fatty acid in the tissue and its content in PE was 2.5~3 times higher than in PC. DHA level in the phospholipid reached at a peak (1.7~1.8 mg/brain) in dietary groups added with 6% or 8% perilla oil. suggesting that no more increase in that fatty acid level in the brain tissue could be obtained by consuming more \alpha-LNA, the major precursor of DHA.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2017

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener, and its overconsumption is become a major health problem. In the present study, we used adult female rats and applied a 28 days HFCS feeding model to monitor the estrous cycle and changes in tissue weights and histology. Adult female rats were divided into three groups. Animals were fed with ad libitum normal chow and (1) 24 hours tap water (Control group), (2) 12 hours HFCS access during dark period and 12 hours tap water (12H group), and (3) 24 hours HFCS only access (24H group). Total exposure period was 28 days. There is no significant change in body weight between control and HFCS-fed animals. Both absolute and relative weights of ovary in 24H animals were significantly heavier than those in control or 12H animals. The absolute and relative weights of the kidney and liver in 24H groups were significantly heavier than those in control or 12H animals. The estrous cycles of the 24H animals were significantly longer. Histological analyses revealed that 24H ovaries were relatively bigger and possessed more corpus lutea than control ovaries. Uterine sections of 12H and 24H animals showed a well-developed stratum vasculare between inner and outer myometrial layers. The number of endometrial glands were decreased in 12H uteri, and recovered in 24H uteri compared to control. Numbers of convoluted tubule in distal region increased in 12H and 24H kidney samples. Liver specimens of 12H and 24H showed the increased number of fat containing vacuoles. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HFCS treatment for 28 days could induce (1) changes in length of estrous cycle with extended estrous and diestrous stages, (2) altered ovarian and uterine histology, and (3) liver and renal lipid accumulation. These findings reveal the adverse effects of HFCS drinking on the reproductive function and lipid metabolism of female rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary detoxified Rhus verniciflua sap (RVS) on production performance, egg quality, lipid fractions of egg yolk, liver and serum, and the profile of cecal microflora in laying hens. Methods: Two hundred 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group (2 hens per cage, 5 cages per replicate) and were provided with one of 4 experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.2% RVS, for 6 weeks. Due to unequal intervals of RVS doses, the interactive matrix language procedure of the SAS program was used to correct the contrast coefficients of orthogonal polynomials. Results: There were no differences in feed intake and egg weight among the groups. Egg production increased (linearly and quadratically, p<0.05) with increasing levels of RVS. Eggshell thickness increased (linear, p<0.05) as the level of RVS in diets increased. The levels of blood cholesterol and activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were not altered by dietary treatments. Increasing level of RVS increased (linear, p<0.05) the populations of cecal lactic acid bacteria. The content of yolk cholesterol decreased (linear, p<0.05) with increasing levels of dietary RVS, although there were no significant differences in each lipid fraction of the liver. Conclusion: This study indicates that dietary RVS could improve laying performance and eggshell quality, and affect cecal lactic acid bacteria in a dose-dependent manner.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2007

LB method is one of the most interesting technique to arrange certain molecular groups at precise position relative to others. Also, the LB deposition technique can fabricate extremely thin organic films with a high degree of control over their thickness and molecular architecture. In this way, new thin film materials can be built up at the molecular level, and the relationship between these artificial structures and the properties of materials can be explored. In this paper, evaluation of physical properties was made for dielectric relaxation phenomena by the detection of the surface pressures and displacements current on the monolayer films of phospolipid monomolecular DLPC. Lipid thin films were manufacture by detecting deposition for the accumulation and the current was measured after the electric bias was applied across the manufactured MIM device. It is found that the phospolipid monolayer of dielectric relaxation takes a little time and depend on the molecular area. When electric bias is applied across the manufactured MIM device by the deposition condition of phospolipid mono-layer, it wasn't breakdown when the higher electric field to impress by increase of deposition layers.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate some antioxidative effects of stewed pumpkin juice (SPJ) and the SPJs added with ginger (SPJ-G), onion (SPJ-O), jujube (SPJ-J) or boxthorn (SPJ-B), respectively, on the lipid oxidation of soybean oil (S) and mackerel pike boiled ground (MPBG). Antioxidative substances of SPJ were extracted by using the two solvent layers of n-hexane:acetone (1:1)(H) and methanol:water (7:3)M. The antioxidative effects of the extracts were observed by the peroxide value (P.O.V.) and thiobabituric acid (T.B.A.) value. The P.O.V. and T.B.A. value of two solvent extracts of S and MPBG showed significantly lower than those of S and MPBG. The SPJ showed very distingnished antioxidative effects. It was considered that melanoidine extracted by using methanol:water (7:3) solvent as well as carotenoid extracted by using n-hexane:acetone (1:1) solvent had an antioxidative effect. During storage, T.B.A. value of MPBG significantly increased, while that of MPBG-SPJ significantly decreased more than that of MPBG. T.B.A. value of MPBG-SPJs decreased much than that of MPBG-SPJ, SPJ-O, SPJ-G, SPJ-J and SPJ-B, in order of abundance, showed higher level of antioxidative effects than SPJ. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(2):89∼99, 1998)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1595-1600
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• 2011

Sugarcane press residue (SPR), a byproduct from the sugar industry was evaluated for it's nutrient and energetic quality in broilers and layers. The composition of SPR included (% DM): CP-11.76 (methionine-2.21, cystine-1.05, lysine-4.85, threonine-5.48% of CP), EE-7.87 (palmitic acid-30.3, stearic acid-4.1, oleic aicd-17.2, linoleic acid-38.0, linolenic acid-5.4% of EE), CF-10.08, TA-21.08 (Ca-3.87, P-1.10, Mg-0.95%, Fe-3500, Mn-284, Zn-113, Cu-61.5, Co-5.0 ppm and AIA-4.93%) and NFE-48.35% indicating that SPR is a valuable source of both organic and inorganic nutrients for poultry. The metabolic trials revealed the average ME of SPR as 749, 842 and 1,270 kcal/kg, respectively in broilers and 844, 936 and 1,031 kcal/kg in layers, at 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels, respectively. Further, the fortification of SPR incorporated diets with biotechnological products viz., lipid utilizing agents (lipase and lecithin) or NSP degrading enzymes and their combination did not improve the ME content of such diets.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2019

This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) extract for atopic dermatitis through maintaining skin barrier and regulating Th2 cell differentiation. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; atopy-like dermatitis induced group with CR treatment (CT, n=10), no treatment group(Ctrl), atopy-like dermatitis elicited group(AE). Atopy-like dermatitis was induced to NC/Nga mice by sensitizing with dermatophagoides farinae(DfE) on 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13th week. After inducing atopic dermatitis, CR extract was administered 20 mg/kg daily for the experimental duration to the CT group. We measured the integrity of lipid layers in the epidermis and Th2 differentiation through immunohistochemical staining against filaggrin, loricrin, IL-4, and IL-13. We also measured the distribution of subcutaneous collagen fibers by the Masson's trichrome staining. Administration of CR significantly inhibited the reduction of lipid layers in the skin that caused atopy. The expression of IL-4, IL-13, each of which is a cytokine secreted by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, was markedly suppressed in the CT group as compared with AE group (p<0.05). CR treatment also decreased the expression of iNOS, $p-I{\kappa}B$. Atopic dermatitis induced dermatological damage to skin, such as hyperplasia of epithelium, and capillary proliferation was significantly reduced by CR administration. CR effectively inhibited the thinning of the skin barrier and inflammatory responses in atopic dermatitis-induced mice. In particular, it showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of IL-4 and IL-13, Th2 cell cytokines, which play a crucial role in development of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, CR can be a good candidate to ameliorate and treat atopic dermatitis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.214-223
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• 2012

본 연구는 산란계 사료 내 돼지감자(Helianthus tuberosus L.)로부터 제조한 미세캡술화 이눌린(microcapsulated inulin, MI)의 고수준 첨가가 혈액지질, 계란콜레스테롤 및 지방산조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 25주령 갈색산란계를 이용하여 4주 동안 실험사료를 급여하였으며, 실험처리구는 MI 무첨가 대조군, 800 ppm, 900 ppm 및 1,000 ppm로 구분하였다. 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 계란 콜레스테롤은 MI 무첨가군과 비교할 때 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 계란 포화지방산 조성은 MI무첨가군과 비교할 때 첨가군에서 낮았으나 불포화지방산은 그 반대로 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구결과는 미세캡슐화 이눌린을 산란계 사료 내 첨가해주면 혈액지질 감소에 의해 계란품질을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사해준다.