• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.183-191
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• 1998

This study aimed at the effect on serum glucose and lipid profiles according to carbohydrate / lipid intake ratio in Korean 191 NIDDM patients. Most of NIDDM patients belong to under 50-64 years. As carbohydrate intake level increased, lipid intake level decreased. The group of higher carbohydrate / lipid intake ratio shows significantly high in fasting glucose level and postprandial glucose in NIDDM patients. The higher carbohydrate / lipid intake ratio the higher dietary linoleic and $\omega$-3 fatty acid level but not in dietary $\omega$3/$\omega$6 ratio. Serum HDL decrease inhigher carbohydrate lipid intake ratio group. Serum total lipid and PUFA level decrease according to ditary total lipid intake decrease in men but not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the correlations between dietary intakes or anthropometric parameters and the plasma lipid level. measurements of dali nutrients intake, body weight, height, body bass index, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were made to each of 124 healthy adult(25-59yrs) : 56 males and 65 females. The mean energy and nutrients intake, anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid levels were all in normal range. In females, the fat and protein intake, the amount and percents to total energy intake, had positive association with the plasma total lipid, but the energy percent from carbohydrate intake was correlated negatively. And body mass index positively correlated with plasma total lipid level, in male and female, Therefore we could postulated the dietary fat intake and body mass index affected to plasma lipid levels in normal conditions of healthy adult.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary factors, normal fat and genistein leads to beneficial improvement of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in adult hyperlipidemic male rats. Seven wk-old male SD rats were fed high fat diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol) for 4 wks for induction of hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to four groups according to dietary fat level (7% or 15% fat) and genistein contents (0 or 320 mg/kg diet). Food intake was significantly decreased by both high fat intake and genistein supplementation compared with normal fat intake and genistein no supplementaion. But weight gain was significantly decreased by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. But total cholesterol in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation in both high fat and normal fat intake. TBARS in serum and liver was less produced by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake but TBARS in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in normal fat intake. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in liver were significantly inhibited by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. Catalase activity in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in high fat intake. Nitrite was significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. These results suggest that normal fat intake has the treatment effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by reducing lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation. And genistein shows action as a antioxidant replacing antioxidant enzymes but also may act as prooxidant causing the production of TBARS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 1997

To investigate the energy, protein, lipid, and lactose intakes of breast-fed infants of lacto-ove-vegetarians, 25 infants(13 boys, 10 girls) were examined on the 0.5th, 1st, 2nd, and 3nd months of lactation. The amount of breast milk intake was determined by a test-weighing method, and the energy content of protein, lipid, and lactose was calculated using the Atwater factor. Thedaily energy intake for boys averaged 316, 436, 447, and 431kcal and that of girls averaged 284, 399, 401, and 390kcal during lactation, respectively. Average energy intake of boys from milk from 2nd week to the 3rd month postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because milk intake volume of boys was much higher than that of girls. The protein intake of boys on 2nd week-3rd month averaged 7.33g/day and that of girls averaged 6.29g/day. The lipid intake of 2nd week, months averaged 21.8g/day and that of girls averaged 20.1g/day. The lactose intake of boys averaged 45.48g/day, while that of girls averaged 41.09g/day. The mean intake of protein and lactose in boys was significantly higher than that of girls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.662-668
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of soy oligosaccharide consumption on feces bifidobacteria proliferation and feces lipid profiles in Korean young women. Eight healthy young women (25 - 34 years) were fed 15 g/day of soyoligosaccharide solution, containing 3 g of oligosaccharide as form of raffinose and starchyose, for 15 days with their habitual meals. Soyoligosaccharde intake increased the numbers of fecal total bacteria significantly until 10 days (p < 0.05) and the numbers of fecal bifidobactreia were significantly increased until 15 days (p < 0.05) . The fecal pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by soyligosaccharide intake. Fecal lipid concentration showed the trend to increse, especially fecal triglyceride level was significantly increased by soy oligosaccharide intake (p < 0.05). The water contents of feces, the amount of feces, evacuation frequency and taking time to evacuation were not affected by soyoligosaccharide intake. The color of feces changed to yellow-brown, and hardness of stool and effort to evacuation were reduced by soyoligosaccharide intake. These results suggest that soyoligosaccharide intake (3 g/day) in young women improved the gut microflora and fecal lipid profile. Therefore, soy oligosaccharide has a potential to be used as one of the promising prebiotics, and controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are need to be studied further.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to confirm that regular physical exercise habit and calcium intake play a role reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseae, particularly to confrim that regular exercise is important in reducing serum lipid levels. Subjects were classified into regular exercise group(more than 3 times/wk, more than 30 min per exercise) and non-regular exercise group. A convenient frequency method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as bodyweight and hight, and blood pressure were measured. There was no significant difference between nonexercisers and exerciser in energy intake, calcium intake and blood lipid levels. The strength of frequency of exercise may not by adequate to modify lipid profiles in premenopausal woman with normal lipid level, Although we found no significant difference in blood lipid levels, this result does not imply there are no benefits of exercise subjects. There were no signigicant correlations between age or weight with blood lipids in regular exercise group, while there were significant positive correlations between age of weight with blood lipids in non-regular exercise group. The levels of serum cholesterol, and triglyceride, blood pressure and atherogenic index increased with age in nonexercise women, Especially, atherogenic index was lower in regular exercise group. The blood pressure in nonexercise group was significantly higher than that in regular exercise group There was a highly significant negative correlation between calcium intake and blood pressure in nonexercise women, There was a highly significant negative correlation between calcium intake and blood pressure in nonexercise women. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake may have desirable effects on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in premenopausal women.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):62-68, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.589-602
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the effects of weight reduction and changes in serum lipid composition using a commercial uncooked powdered food (UPF) diet on 27 obese hyperlipidemic women over a period of 12 weeks. We replaced the standard breakfast and dinner of each of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Their body compositions were measured using a body fat analyzer. Also, we conducted hematological, clinical and lipid profile analyses of their blood. Their intake of energy, lipid and protein significantly decreased as the subjects started to take UPF, but their intake of vitamins and minerals, other than iron, increased. Due to the energy intake decrease, the subjects' weight, body fat and waist circumference significantly decreased. Among the lost weight the percentage of the body fat was high. We judged that this process of losing weight was successful in obese hyperlipidemic women. Serum HDL-cholesterol gradually increased and serum total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride levels showed gradual decreases. When obese hyperlipidemic women replaced two of three meals with UPF for 3 months, we were able to see useful changes like decreased body fat and serum lipid. Complete judgment on the usefulness of UPF may be difficult but if people take a standard meal once a day and replenish their iron by taking UPF twice a day, we assume that replacing UPF with balanced regular meal not be a problem in nutritional status. Our results show that UPF is effective in the diet therapy of obese hyperlipidemic women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 1994

It has been recently reported that degenerative diseases are increasing rapidly in many other countries as well as in Korea according to expansion of life expectancy, economic development and dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in lipid metabolism with age, to determine which dietary factors affect the serum lipid profiles, and to compare Korean and western diets. With clinically normal participants(made 60, female 63), this study was carried out in three phases : 1) to analyze blood lipid levels with age, 2) to analyze the effects of different dietary intakes on blood lipid levels according to age, and 3) to compare the effects of different food intakes on blood lipids between eastern and western coutries. The results are follows : 1) Mean serum values of triglyceride and cholesterol reached a peak level at the age of 50-60 years, although men has higher levels than women at earlier ages. LDL cholesterol percentage increased sharply after 50 years and continued to 70 years. 2) Differences of dietary calorie intake including carbohydrate, total fat and animal fat affected serum lipid profiles, such that high intake groups generally showed higher triglyceride and cholesterol values than the lower intake groups. 3) Compared with Americans(45%), Koreans consumed carbodydrates at 65% of their calorie intake. At this carbohydrate level dietary fatty acid P/S and W-6/W-3 ratio were 1.1 and 6, this could make Koreans continue this dietary pattern composed of carbohydrate at 65% of total calorie intake, and P/S ratio of fatty acid at 1 to 2.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 1999

The correlation between maternal lipid nutritional status during pregnancy and gestational length was investigated. Subjects consisted of 30 full-term delivery mothers, 30 preterm delivery mothers, and babies of both groups. Dietary fat intake during pregnancy and serum lipid levels in mother and umbilical serum were measured. The mean daily intake levels of fatty acid during pregnancy were lower than the recommended dietary allowances, while $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratios of dietary fatty acids were acceptable. For preterm delivery mothers, fatty acid intake levels to be lower than those in full-term delivery mothers, especially DHA intake of these two groups was significantly different. During gestation, hyperlipidemia was apparent in the pregnant women. The serum lipid contents of preterm delivery mothers tended to be lower than those of full-term delivery mothers, and umbilical cord serum lipid contents of the preterm delivery group tended to be higher than those of the full-term delivery group. Total cholesterol levels in the umbilical cord serum of preterm babies were significantly higher than those of full-term delivery group. On the other hand, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels between umbilical cord serum and maternal serum were positively correlated in the preterm delivery group. Concerning, energy and fatty acid intakes were more closely associated with umbilical cord serum lipid levels in full-term babies, but negatively associated in preterm babies. It was concluded that gestational length was related to the dietary intake of fatty acids such as DHA in pregnant women. For better understanding, the ralationship between placental lipid transport mechanisms and gestational length needs to be explored.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on feces bifidobacteria proliferation, lactic acid concentration and lipid metabolism in healthy woman. Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to 2 groups : 1.4 g/day xylooligosaccharide intake group, 2.8 g/day xylooligosaccharide intake group. The duration of the study was 28 days. The amount of feces and excretion time were not affected by xylooligosaccharide intake. The color of feces changed to yellow brown, and hardness of stool and effort to evacuation were reduced by xylooligosaccharide intake. Xylooligosaccharide intake reduced the fecal pH significantly after 14 days in 2.8 g/day intake group (p < 0.05). The number of fecal bifidobacteria were significantly increased after 28 days in 1.4 g/day intake group (p < 0.05), and in 2.8 g/day intake group, the number of fecal bifidobacteria significantly increased after 14 days (p < 0.05). Water contents of feces were not affected by xyloolgosacchride intake. The fecal triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were increased in 2.8 g/day intake group (p < 0.05), and in 1.4 g/day intake group, fecal cholesterol concentration only was increased (p < 0.05). The fecal lactic acid concentration was significantly increased in 2.8 g/day intake group (p < 0.05). Serum trigly-ceride, cholesterol and glucose concentration were significantly decreased in 2.8 g/day intake group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, xylooligosaccharide dietary supplementation may be beneficial to gastrointestinal health and lipid metabolism, and 2.8 g/day intake was more effective than 1.4 g/day intake.