• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 1991

This study was designed to observe the effects of the fish oil and some seed oils on the improvement of the fatty acid compositions of liver and brain tissue in rats. In order to induce the hypertriglyceridemia in the rats of the Sprague-Dawley, 12% coconut oil and 3% each of olive oil, lard, fish oil, perilla oil, corn oil, red pepper seed oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the rats for 4 weeks. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid, n-3 PUFA contents were most in the fish oil and perilla oil groups of phospholipid fraction, and n-6 PUFA contents were most in the corn oil, red pepper seed oil and evening primrose oil groups of triglyceride fractions. Fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipid, n-3 PUFA contents (8.8~17.2%) were most in the fish oil group, and n-6 PUFA (34.6~38.2%), though it contains high percentage, showed little difference between groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1995

To utilize the mackerel viscera effectively, antioxidant substances were extracted and the effects on the oxidation were evaluated. Total lipid(TL) extracted from mackerel viscera were fractionated into hexane extracts, tetracarbon chloride($CCl_4$)-methanol(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 9, v/v) extracts, phospholipid(PL), phosphatidylcholine(PC), and PC free fracitons(PCF). Inhibition of fish oil oxidation was investigated using these fractions. Hexane fraction showed lower antioxidant activity compared to the TL or $CCl_4-methanol$ fractions(C-M) ; in addition, antioxidant activities increased as polarity of C-M increased. Significant antioxidant activities were observed with PL, PC, and PCF ; among them, PC was the most effective. To determine the antioxidant activity of PC, effects of natural or synthetic antioxidant were compared. Addition of PC to fish oil proved to enhance antioxidant activity the antioxidant activity of phospholipids was derived mainly from PC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gastrodiae elata Blume fractions on systolic blood pressure and serum lipid profiles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrj) fed high fat diet. Twenty-four males SHR weighing approximately 160 g were randomly divided into four groups; A (low molecule, GR-1), B (polysaccharide, GR-2), C (protein, GR-3) fractions of G. elata Blume, respectively, and D (high fat diet as control). After orally tube feeding the fractions of G. elata Blume, there were no differences in final body weights among the treatment groups. Diet intake was somewhat high in the control group (D), but there were no significant differences in feed efficiency ratios. In terms of serum lipid profiles, total-cholesterol level was statistically higher in the control group (D) than in G. elata Blume fraction groups (p<0.05). Triglyceride levels of low molecule (A) and polysaccharide (B) groups were lower by 16% and 11%, respectively than that of the control group (D). HDL-cholesterol level was remarkably higher (p<0.05), whereas LDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower (by 25%) in the group B as compared to the control group (D). Atherogenic index (AI) of G. elata Blume fraction groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Reference blood pressure (RBP) showed an average of $180\sim190mmHg$ at 8 weeks old after 3 weeks on feeding high fat diet. Compared with RBP, final blood pressure of treatment groups (35 days after feeding the fractions of G. elata Blume gractions) were decreased by 1.7% (A), 5.5% (B) and 3.6% (C), respectively, but the control group (D) contrarily showed an increase of 2.6%. Especially, final systolic blood pressure of the polysaccharide group (B) was lower by 22 mmHg than that of the control group (D). From these findings, it can be suggested that polysaccharide fraction may improve blood serum lipids and should be considered as effective in lowering of blood pressure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1995

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of cereal fiber on lipid concentration of liver and serum in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180$\pm$4g were divided into five groups by completely randomized block design : R, BR, B, W, and F. Each group fed a diet containing 0.7% cholesterol and a kind of cereal among rice(R), brown rice(BR), barley(B), whole wheat(W), and wheat flour(F) for 5 weeks. The results were summarized as follow : 1) Food intake. weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the groups. 2) Fecal wet weight and dry weight were significantly higher in W group which fed the most amount of IDF(insoluble dietary fiber). 3) The weight of large intestine was significantly heavier in the W group compared to the others. But the weights of liver, stomach and small intestine were not significantly different among the groups. 4) Total lipid. triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) content in liver were significantly different among the groups. The values were the lowest in the B group whose intake of SDF(soluble dietary fiber) was the highest 5) TC content in serum was not significantly different among the groups. TG content in serum was significantly lower in the rest groups than in the R group. HDL-c and free-c content in serum were significantly higher in the B group than in the rest groups. HDL-c/LDL-c, free-c/ester-c ratio were the highest in the B group but not significant. Above results show that the dietary fiber contained in cereals has physiological effects and they are different depending on fractions, IDF and SDF.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.490-495
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• 1992

The effects of high levels of vitamin E and cholesterol feeding on the lipid composition of the plasma lipoproteins were tested between 4 experimental groups. The concentrations of vitamin E and cholesterol in the plasma lipoproteins were significantly increased with the feedings. But the concentrations of cholesterol and various lipid fractions showed significant low levels on the vitamin E feeding group, which vitamin E was fed after the cholesterol diet. Vitamin E showed the hypocholesterolemic effect when it was fed after the high cholesterol containing diet. But, vitamin E was less effective to decrease the content of cholesterol on the diet which contained the both vitamin E and 2% cholesterol. It also showed that vitamin E could stimulate the absorption of cholesterol and lipid when the both dietary factors were simultaneously fed. The vitamin E feeding also resulted in increase of the cholesterol concentration in HDL/LDL ratios.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary detoxified Rhus verniciflua sap (RVS) on production performance, egg quality, lipid fractions of egg yolk, liver and serum, and the profile of cecal microflora in laying hens. Methods: Two hundred 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group (2 hens per cage, 5 cages per replicate) and were provided with one of 4 experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.2% RVS, for 6 weeks. Due to unequal intervals of RVS doses, the interactive matrix language procedure of the SAS program was used to correct the contrast coefficients of orthogonal polynomials. Results: There were no differences in feed intake and egg weight among the groups. Egg production increased (linearly and quadratically, p<0.05) with increasing levels of RVS. Eggshell thickness increased (linear, p<0.05) as the level of RVS in diets increased. The levels of blood cholesterol and activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were not altered by dietary treatments. Increasing level of RVS increased (linear, p<0.05) the populations of cecal lactic acid bacteria. The content of yolk cholesterol decreased (linear, p<0.05) with increasing levels of dietary RVS, although there were no significant differences in each lipid fraction of the liver. Conclusion: This study indicates that dietary RVS could improve laying performance and eggshell quality, and affect cecal lactic acid bacteria in a dose-dependent manner.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. ethanolic extract with different aspects (stem/leaf and whole plant) on differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The morphological changes and the degrees of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil Red O staining and intra-cellular triglyceride (TG) assay. The mRNA expressions of special peroxisome proliferation activated receptor- genes (PPAR), CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein (C/$EBP{\alpha}$), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 50% ethanolic extracts ($100{\mu}g/mL$) of stem and leaf (SALE) and 30% ethanolic extracts (100 g/mL) of whole plant (SAE) from Salvia plebeia R. Br. were significantly attenuated lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, SALE induced down-regulation of specific adipogenic transcriptional factors (C/$EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$) and target genes (FAS and LPL) during adipogenesis. Salvia plebeia R. Br. may be used as a safe and efficient natural substance to manage obesity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of water soluble browning reaction products(WS-BRPs) isolated from korean red ginseng. Antioxidative activities of WS-BRPs were examined with the various systems. Three different fractions prepared by os moly tic treatment of WS-BRP(fraction L, S-l and S-2) were found to have an ability to donate hydrogen to DPPH and also exhibited the inhibitory activities in lipid peroxidation, consumption of oxygen and protein oxidation of mitochondrial fraction. Especially, L had the strongest activity of these three WS­BRPs in scavenging free radicals. Lipid peroxidation showed the antioxidant effect on linoleic acid oxidation inhibition ratio of $22.5\%,\;31.7\%,\;31.9\%\;and\;33.5\%$, respectivity. And the consumption of oxygen was strongly inhibited by $49.52\%,\;62,44,\;97.54\%$. But three WS-BRPs showed weak inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation in rat hepatic microsomes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

The fractions obtained from the mycelia and their culture broth of Agrocybe cylindracea and Phellinus igniarius were tested for the antioxidation activities. In electron donating ability test, strong activities more than 70% were observed in ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of A. cylindracea mycelium, butanol fraction of A. cylindracea culture broth, diethyl ether fraction of P. igniarius mycelium, and diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions of P. igniarius culture broth. Lipid peroxidation inhibition was observed in diethyl ether, butanol and water fractions of A. cylindracea mycelium, and water fraction of A. cylindracea induced the decrease in uric acid production. Activities of $50{\sim}60\;%$ of nitrite scavenging ability were observed in diethyl ether fraction of A. cylindracea mycelium, ethyl acetate and water fractions of A. cylindracea culture broth, diethyl ether fraction of P. igniarius mycelium, and diethyl ether, chloroform, butanol and water fractions of P. igniarius culture broth. In melanin biosynthesis inhibition activity measurement, water fraction of A. cylindracea mycelium and butanol fraction of P. igniarius mycelium showed twice higher activities than control. From these results, the fungi of P. igniarius and A. cylindracea had strong antioxidant activities.