• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.216-229
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to investigate trends of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profiles over 17 years in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients at the Mayo Clinic. Methods: We performed a time-trend analysis within the Mayo Clinic PCI Registry from 1994 to 2010. Results were the incidence and prevalence of CVD risk factors as estimate by the Framingham risk score. Results: Between 1994 and 2010, 25 519 patients underwent a PCI. During the time assessed, the mean age at PCI became older, but the gender distribution did not change. A significant trend towards higher body mass index and more prevalent hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes was found over time. The prevalence of current smokers remained unchanged. The prevalence of ever-smokers decreased among males, but increased among females. However, overall CVD risk according to the Framingham risk score (FRS) and 10-year CVD risk significantly decreased. The use of most of medications elevated from 1994 to 2010, except for ${\beta}$-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreased after 2007 and 2006 in both baseline and discharge, respectively. Conclusions: Most of the major risk factors improved and the FRS and 10-year CVD risk declined in this population of PCI patients. However, obesity, history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and medication use increased substantially. Improvements to blood pressure and lipid profile management because of medication use may have influenced the positive trends.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

본 실험은 원유 등급제 실시 이후(1993년 6월), 원유의 유질 개선 실태를 파악하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험을 통하여 제주산 시유를 비롯한 유제품의 청정 고품질 이미지 화산과 국제 자유 도시 계획 수립을 위한낙농 산업 육성 자료로 활용코자 제주산 원유의 화학적 조성과 미생물학적 품질을 조사 분석하였다. 착유시설은 등급제 실시 이후 많이 개선되었고 또한 타도와의 비교에서도 많이 개선되었다. 전착유 실시 및 예냉기 설치와 자가 노동력 비율은 높았으나, 체세포수와 관련이 깊은 유방염 정기 검사 실시 농가 비율은 낮았다. 세균수 등급은 1등급A 출현율이 80.64%로 실시 이전에 비해 많이 개선되었고, 여름철에는 세균이 많이 검출되었으나, 전국 평균치와 별 차이가 없었다. 체세포는 1등급이 38.5%, 2등급이 32.0%로 여름철에 체세포수가 많았으며, 전국 평균치를 약간 상회하는 수준이었다. 일반 성분에서 년평균 지방 함량이 3.90%로 실시 이전보다 향상되었으며, 여름철에 낮았고, 전국 수준과 비슷하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.777-786
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• 1998

The purpose of this study to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and serum lipid levels in 165 healthy women in Taegu. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake. Anthropometric measurement of body weight and height were measured and average energy expenditure calculated . The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.4$\pm$3.1 and it was higher than the mean BMI of Korean women. Obesity rates for the study subjects were 15.7% by RBW (relative body weight : >120%) and 28.5% by BMI(body mass index) ; >25). Daily energy intake was sufficient at 106% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage ration of carbohydrate , fat and protein was 68 : 18 : 14. Mean intake of vitamin A, B1 , niacin , and Ca were higher than RDA. The incidence of hypertension(>140mmHg) and hypercholoesterolemia(>240mg/dl) as 18.2% and 23.6% of the subjects, respectively . Postmenopasusal women showed significantly higher blood pressure, RBW, and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) than premenopausal women. The concentration of cholesterol and average blood pressure in the irregular meal eater group were significantly higher than in the regular meal eater group. Skipping meals and unenvendurnal distribution(no breakfast, or no lunch , and large evening meals) are associated with high total cholesterol level in this population . Especially, the atherogenic index was significantly lower in the regular meal eater group than that in irregular meal eaters. The values for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, BMI, and atherogenic index increased with age in middle-aged women. There was a highly significant correlation between body weight and plasma lipids. HDL -cholesterol was inversely correlated with BMI. The above dta provides valuable information for community program planning and health providers who work with individual female and adults to meet their nutrietional needs to control blood lipids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1221-1225
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• 2005

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of a superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. Lots of studies in rodents and humans have shown that PPARs were involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. The main objective of this work was to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in whole coding regions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-$\alpha$) and gamma (PPAR-$\gamma$) genes with approach of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in the chicken population of Arber Acres broiler, Hyline layer and three Chinese native breeds (Shiqiza, Beijing You, Bai'r). Two SNPs of C1029T and C297T were found in chicken PPAR-$\alpha$ and PPAR-$\gamma$ genes respectively and each SNP found three genotypes in the experimental populations. The results showed that the distribution frequency of 3 genotypes in Arber Acres broiler, Hyline layer and Chinese native breeds had significant differences on the PPAR-$\alpha$ and PPAR-$\gamma$ gene respectively (p<0.01). Furthermore, in the PPAR-$\alpha$ gene, the results of least square estimation for genotypes and body composition traits showed the BB genotype birds had higher abdominal fat weight (AFW) and percentage of abdominal fat (AFP) than AA genotype birds (p<0.05). From these we conjecture the PPAR-$\alpha$ and PPAR-$\gamma$ genes were suffered intensive selection during the long term commercial breeding and the PPAR-$\alpha$ gene may be a major gene or linked to the major genes that impact chicken fat metabolism and the SNPs could be used in molecular assistant selection (MAS) as a genetic marker for the chicken fatness traits.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 1992

보통잉어와 이스라엘잉어를 같은 조건에서 사육하였을 때 두 품종 간의 체성분 변화를 조사하기 위하여 식물성 플랑크톤이 많은 동일한 조건에서 사육한 보통잉어와 이스라엘잉어의 아미노산 및 지방산 조성을 분석하였다. 근육과 내장의 일반 성분을 분석한 결과 근육 중 조지방의 함량은 보통 잉어가 높았고, 회분은 이스라엘잉어가 높았으며 내장 중의 조지방의 함량은 이스라엘 잉어가 훨씬 높았으나, 회분의 함량은 비슷하여 지방의 함량에서 차이가 있었다. 구성 아미노산의 함량 및 패턴은 비슷하였고 주된 아미노산은 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine 및 lysine이었으며 전체 함량의 약 $42{\%}$를 차지하였다. 또한 필수 아미노산이 차지하는 비율은 $38\~43{\%}$으로 높았다. 유리 아미노산 중 주된 성분은 taurine과 histidine이었으며 이들이 맛에 영향을 줄 수 있으나 두 품종 간에는 이들 함량이 비슷하였기 때문에 맛에는 차이가 없을 것으로 사료된다. 지방산 조성은 극성 지질 중 eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5n-3) 및 docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6n-3)의 함량이 높아 건강 식품으로서의 가치가 있는 것으로 나타 났다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate relative bioavailability of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in emulsion and three liposome formulations after a single oral administration (60 mg/kg) into rats. Emulsion formulation of CoQ10 was prepared by conventional method using Phospholipon 85G as an emulsifier, and three liposome formulations (neutral, anionic, and cationic) of CoQ10 were prepared by traditional lipid film hydration technique using Phospholipon 85G, cholesterol, and charge carrier lipids (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride salt for cationic liposome and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate monosodium salt for anionic liposome). Mean particle size of all CoQ10-loaded liposome was less than a micron, and size distribution of the liposome population was homogeneous. Bioavailability of CoQ10 in emulsion was 1.5 to 2.6-fold greater than liposome formulations in terms of $AUC_{0-24\;h}$. $T_{max}$ was 3 h when administered as emulsion while it was greater than 6 h in liposome formulations. Notably, it was approximately 8 h in cationic liposome. $C_{max}$ was highest in emulsion and was significantly decreased when administered as liposome. Charged liposome showed even lower $C_{max}$ than neutral liposome, especially in cationic liposome. In conclusion, therefore, it is suggested that clinicians and patients consider bioavailability issue a primary concern when choosing a CoQ10 product, especially when very high plasma level is required such as in the treatment of heart failure and Parkinson's disease.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2019

Background: In order to assess the high value-added use of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle, an animal study was performed to evaluate the functional activities and key compounds present. In the animal study, sea tangle and the alginate-free residue demonstrated good anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-arteriosclerotic abilities. Results: The functional compounds in the alginate-free residue of the sea tangle were effectively extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The optimum extraction temperature and pressure were 40 ℃ and 6500 psi (M1) in the SFE, a better method in comparison to the conditions of 70 ℃ and 4500 psi (M2), respectively. The anti-atherosclerotic effects of the alginate-free residue of sea tangle (M1, M2) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with poloxamer 407, Triton WR 1339, corn oil, and a high-fat diet. The M1 fraction reduced the serum lipid levels with greater efficacy than the M2 fraction. In the hyperlipidemic rats, treatment with M1 decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels when compared to the levels in normal rats. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. These results suggest that the alginate-free residue of sea tangle contains physiologically active components, such as fucosterol, that may exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.517-527
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• 1997

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging is a methodology combining the imaging and spectroscopy. It can provide the spectrum of each areas of image so that one can easily compare the spectrum of one position to another position of the image. In this study, we developed pulse sequence or the spectroscopic imaging method, RF wave forms or the saturation of water signal, computer simulations to validate our method, and confirmed the methodology with phantom experiment. Then we applied the spectroscopic method to human subject and identified a few important metabolites in in vivo. To develope a water saturating RF waveform, we used Shinnar-Le-Roux algorithm and obtained maximum phase RF waveform. With this RF pulse, it could suppress the water signal to 1:1000. The magnet is shimmed to under 1.0ppm with auto-shimming technique. The saturation bandwidth is 80Hz(2ppm). The water and fat seperation is 3.3ppm(about 140Hz at 1 Tesla magnet), the bandwidth is enough to resolve the difference. But we are more concerned about the narrow window in between the two peaks, in which the small quantity of metabolites reside. We performed the computer simulation and phantom experiments in 8*8 matrix form and showed good agreement in the image and spectrum. Finally we applied spectroscopic imaging to the brain of human subject. Only the lipid signal was shown in the periphery region which agrees with the at distribution in human head surface area. The spectrum inside the brain shows the important metabolites such as NAA, Cr/PCr, Choline. We here have shown the spectroscopic imaging which is normally done above 1.5 Tesla machine can be performed in the 1 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.294-298
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• 2009

Distribution of isoflavones and fatty acids in soymilk fermented with 7 Lactobacilli (L-type), 7 Bifidobacteria (B-type), or 5 Streptococci (S-type) were monitored. Total isoflavones in fermented soymilk ranged from 5.24 to $8.59{\mu}mol/g$ dry basis while those in unfermented soymilk were $8.06{\mu}mol/g$ dry basis. Depending on the types of inoculated microorganisms, fermented soymilk showed different profiles in isoflavones, especially aglycones and $\beta$-glucosides. Four L-type fermented soymilk had significantly higher aglycone content (33.69-46.21%) and low $\beta$-glucosides compared to control (p<0.05). All B-type fermented soymilk showed significantly high aglycone levels (p<0.05). Out of 5 Streptococci, 4 strains produced over 82.2% aglycones. Lipid content ranged from 162 to 224 mg/g and linoleic acid was the highest, followed by oleic, linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Average ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in control, L-, B-, and S-type fermented soymilks was 6.30, 6.09, 6.30, and 5.94, respectively. This study can help to develop a fermented soymilk containing high isoflavone aglycones and low fat content.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2016

This study was performed to improve the techniques used for tenderizing red meat as elderly food. Beef meat was immersed in liposome encapsulated enzyme solution and the effect of protease encapsulation on the beef properties was analyzed. The protease encapsulation properties were analyzed according to the size distribution and enzymatic activity. After enzyme reaction on the beef, the chemical properties of the meat such as pH, water holding capacity, shear rate, lipid oxidation and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) were analyzed. The pH of the beef increased during the reaction and coating protease (CP) was higher than non-coating protease (NCP). Total color differences were increased remarkably after 36 h and generally, the difference in CP was relatively lower than in NCP. WHC was significantly decreased within 24 h, and no effect from the protease coating was observed. Protease activity was significantly increased within 48 h and no differences in the enzyme coating were observed. The TVB-N value of NCP was increased within 24 h while CP was sustained for up to 36 h. The TVB-N value of protease treated meat increased after 36 h and no effect from the protease coating was detected. Consequently, liposome encapsulated protease was found to have similar properties as non-coated protease. Application of liposome seems to be an interesting option for injecting various functional materials without changing the properties of meat.