• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.203-228
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• 2007

This study was conducted to explore pending issues as an obstacle factor in the library growth and progress through measurement of Korean and Chinese College undergraduates' perception on the library, and suggest its countermeasure to that the study result showed that their perception to the library's social and cultural function was low, so the library's cultural events need to be consolidated to enhance perception, and the Korean student's study zeal was lower than Chinese, and amny students did not go to the library, but an incentive is needed to escalate the strength of course study or the library availability. Also a countermeasure should be established such as a class link project through continuing specialized librarians' training strengthened, users' group education for the satisfaction enhancement and validity of the information service users.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2001

The types of exposure data needed in an industry-based study depend on the diseases of interest and the study design to be used. The best situation occurs when we have quantified personal exposure estimates for the agents of interest, the least informative case occurs when we have only knowledge of the fact of employment in a plant, industry, or trade where exposure probability is high. Exposure information for most industry-based studies falls somewhere between these tow extremes. Job exposure matrices(JEM) are designed to link information on occupation with information on exposure to specific workplace hazards. Some forms of systematic error of bias may be less likely to occur in studies that utilize job-exposure matrices to indirectly infer exposures from job titles than in studies that assess exposures by asking subjects about their past exposure. JEM can be used effectively in industry-based studies for historic cohort studies, case-control study to assist with the retrospective assessment of occupational exposures among workers whose individual exposure histories are unavailable. JEM generally consist of a computerized database that links information about job categories and likely exposures. These two major axes may be stratified by calendar time. This article reviews the design of JEM in support of industry-based studies. Specific matrices may find broader applicability along with the increasing availability of detailed hygienic data.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.183-199
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• 2015

Due to the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, Nakdong River Estuary Barrage's designed flood quantity has been largely increased, and this has caused to construct several drainage gates at the right side of Eulsukdo island to secure the safety of downstream river area. For successful functioning of Nakdong River Estuary Barrage, such as flood control, disaster prevention, and the securing of sufficient water capacity, drainage gates at the both sides of island have to operate systematically and reliably. To manage this under restricted personnel and resources, we have implemented the IOS (Integrated Operation System) by integrating previous facilities and resources via information and communication technologies. The IOS has been designed to have higher availability and fault tolerance to function continuously even with the partial system's failure under the emergency situation like flood. Operators can use the system easily and acknowledge alarms of facilities through its IWS (Integrated Warning System) earlier. Preparing for Integrated Water Resources Management and Smart Water Grid, the architecture of IOS conformed to open system standards which will be helpful to link with the other systems easily.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.291-299
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to review the government's policy on the enhancement of sports facilities for community residents regarding the lack of knowledge surrounding the infrastructure of sports facilities. The government has invested approximately 2.4 trillion won to establish 220 community sports centers, 385 billion won for 194 multi-purpose indoor centers, and 1.3 trillion won for rebuilding 1,870 school outdoor fields. On the other hand, there are problems with the link between the crumb rubber infill on sports fields and cancer, a lack of availability of indoor sports centers, and an increased federal budget deficit. It is the responsibility of government to plan and construct outdoor fields that are large enough to accommodate all people and allow them to play activities. In addition, the guidelines should ensure that the indoor space required for physical activities at each teaching station is large enough to accommodate all students in the class and handle two classes. The government should suggest the federal government guidelines based on a good understanding of the concept of infrastructure in sports facilities. The government also should make efforts to reduce the regulatory powers and provide the community with an autonomous right to plan and construct sports facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2011

At present wireless internet access service is available through the 3G network, mobile WiMAX and WiFi anytime and anywhere. In this environment where there are various networks, users should be able to select specific networks depending on different situations. And it is necessary to provide mobility support between homogeneous and between heterogenous networks. Given this situation, the many proposals have been presented to link 3G, which has the largest service area among various networks, with mobile WiMAX(IEEE 802.16e), or with WiFi(IEEE 802.11). But, recently, with the increasing volume of wireless internet use and wireless internet data, due to the advents of net-book, e-book and smart phone, the service area of WiFi and mobile WiMAX has rapidly expanded. Especially, the availability of real-time application such as internet phone has led to the relative shrinking of the proportion of 3G mobile communication network giving conventional voice service, and enlargement of those of wireless internet access networks like WiFi and mobile WiMAX. This paper suggests a handover scheme based on PMIPv6, whitch support mobility between WiFi and mobile WiMAX, and minimizes handover delay. In this scheme, the mobile node has a dual stack structure composed of two interfaces-WiFi and mobile WiMAX. Since WiFi dose not support mobility, it is suggested that the mobile node have the capacity to deal with handover signaling between gateway in case of handover between homogeneous networks. This handover scheme, suggested comparing with current handovers between homogeneous networks, has proved, in its analytic evaluation, to be able to reduce handover, transmission, and signaling overhead.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.90-93
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• 2001

Purpose : The accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of group A streptococal infection should be emphasized concerning about possible development of late sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Inadequate & improperance of antobiotics have resulted in increased number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We would like to know the clinical usefulness of rapid strep test compared with conventional throat culture in out-patients with acute pharyngotonsilitis. Methods : From Sep. 2000. to Jan. 2001, rapid strep test(LINK 2 Strep A, USA) & throat culture were taken from 87 patients with clinically suspect pharyngotonsilitis from Masan Fatima hospital & kyunghee university hospital. Results : Of 87 cases with pharyngitis, 39 cases proved to have group A streptococci by throat culture. The positive predictive value of rapid test was 92.3%(36 of 39 cases) and sensitivity test was 81.8%(36 of 44 cases). The specificity of rapid test was 93.0%(40 of 43 cases) and negative predictive value was 83.3%(40 of 48 cases). Conclusion : The positive predictive value & specificity of rapid strep test is high. And so, this test will give the pediatricians practical guidance of antibiotic use in patients with pharyngitis. But more efforts should be made to prevent antibiotics abuse and correct diagnosis of pharyngitis.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.7-20
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• 2017

This study attempts to diagnose and categorize the characteristics of old industrial parks, and eventually link the results to the regeneration of industrial complexes. For this reason, we performed a factor analysis by utilizing 15 indices of 89 industrial parks, excluding 5 large equipment industry sites. The 15 indices were classified into 5 factors. Factor 1 can be described as a category of 'urbanization possibility' for the indices of building age, plot ratio of less than $1,650m^2$, and urbanization ratio of the surrounding area. Factor 2 can be described as a category of 'productive efficiency' for the indices of land productivity, amount of exports by land, employment productivity, and repair costs of industrial areas. Factor 3 can be described as a category of 'infrastructure amenity' for the indices of road ratio, plot ratio attached to the road, and parks and recreation ratio. Factor 4 can be described as a category of 'location potentiality' for the indices of land price, infrastructure age, and distance to the highway, while factor 5 can be described as a category of 'availability of supporting facilities' for the indices of parking lot ratio and supporting facility land ratio. By using these 5 factor scores, we were able to extract industrial parks included in the lower 25% of the factor score and searched for what kind of factor problem they have for each industrial park. Based on these results, this research will provide sufficient information on the decline of industrial parks with respect to their demerits. The results of this study show significant implications and contribute to the establishment of policies for regional competitiveness, as well as job creation, in the process of industrial regeneration.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.16-30
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• 2019

In this study, we calculated the driving duration of individual vehicles according to the availability of rest facility on highway, and suggested indicators indicating the potential risk of accidents caused by long-term driving with weights based on the number of vehicles by driving duration of individual links. Based on this, the methodology for estimating the appropriate location of the highway rest facility considering the driving duration of individual vehicles was presented. Using the DSRC individual vehicle data collected from the highways, the appropriate location of the rest facility was calculated by considering the driving duration by classifying weekdays and weekends for the Gyeongbu Expressway. The results showed that the weekly and weekend high risk indicators were different. In the case of weekdays, the risk indicators of Gimchun JC to Kumho JC for Busan were high, while for weekends, the risk indicators of Ansung JC to Dongtan JC for Seoul and Ansung IC to Bukchunan IC for Busan were high. This study has great significance in that it provides a framework for detailed analysis of link units by using non-aggregated data of individual vehicle units. In addition, it is significant that the reasonable driving duration reflecting the behavior of individual vehicles was calculated by analyzing the use of rest facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of light intensity, manipulated through different shading levels, on the growth and physiological responses of Thermopsis lupinoides. To assess the effects of shading treatments, we examined leaf mass per area, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence response, and photosynthetic characteristics. T. lupinoidesexhibited adaptive responses under low light conditions (50% shading), showing increased leaf area and decreased leaf mass per area as shading levels increased. These changes indicate morpho-physiological adaptations to reduced light availability. At 50% shading, the physiological and ecological responses were favorable, with optimal photosynthetic functions including chlorophyll content, photosynthesis saturation point, photosynthetic rate, carbon fixation efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency. However, at 95% shading, the essential light conditions for growth were not met, significantly impairing photosynthetic functions. Consequently, 50% shading was determined to be the most optimal condition for T. lupinoides growth. These findings provide valuable insights for effective ex-situconservation practices and site selection for T. lupinoides, serving as foundational data for habitat restoration efforts.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-110
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• 2010

1. Introduction Today Internet is recognized as an important way for the transaction of products and services. According to the data surveyed by the National Statistical Office, the on-line transaction in 2007 for a year, 15.7656 trillion, shows a 17.1%(2.3060 trillion won) increase over last year, of these, the amount of B2C has been increased 12.0%(10.2258 trillion won). Like this, because the entry barrier of on-line market of Korea is low, many retailers could easily enter into the market. So the bigger its scale is, but on the other hand, the tougher its competition is. Particularly due to the Internet and innovation of IT, the existing market has been changed into the perfect competitive market(Srinivasan, Rolph & Kishore, 2002). In the early years of on-line business, they think that the main reason for success is a moderate price, they are awakened to its importance of on-line service quality with tough competition. If it's not sure whether customers can be provided with what they want, they can use the Web sites, perhaps they can trust their products that had been already bought or not, they have a doubt its viability(Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhotra, 2005). Customers can directly reserve and issue their air tickets irrespective of place and time at the Web sites of travel agencies or airlines, but its empirical studies about these Web sites for reserving and issuing air tickets are insufficient. Therefore this study goes on for following specific objects. First object is to measure service quality and service recovery of Web sites for reserving and issuing air tickets. Second is to look into whether above on-line service quality and on-line service recovery have an impact on overall service quality. Third is to seek for the relation with overall service quality and customer satisfaction, then this customer satisfaction and loyalty intention. 2. Theoretical Background 2.1 On-line Service Quality Barnes & Vidgen(2000; 2001a; 2001b; 2002) had invented the tool to measure Web sites' quality four times(called WebQual). The WebQual 1.0, Step one invented a measuring item for information quality based on QFD, and this had been verified by students of UK business school. The Web Qual 2.0, Step two invented for interaction quality, and had been judged by customers of on-line bookshop. The WebQual 3.0, Step three invented by consolidating the WebQual 1.0 for information quality and the WebQual2.0 for interactionquality. It includes 3-quality-dimension, information quality, interaction quality, site design, and had been assessed and confirmed by auction sites(e-bay, Amazon, QXL). Furtheron, through the former empirical studies, the authors changed sites quality into usability by judging that usability is a concept how customers interact with or perceive Web sites and It is used widely for accessing Web sites. By this process, WebQual 4.0 was invented, and is consist of 3-quality-dimension; information quality, interaction quality, usability, 22 items. However, because WebQual 4.0 is focusing on technical part, it's usable at the Website's design part, on the other hand, it's not usable at the Web site's pleasant experience part. Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhorta(2002; 2005) had invented the measure for measuring on-line service quality in 2002 and 2005. The study in 2002 divided on-line service quality into 5 dimensions. But these were not well-organized, so there needed to be studied again totally. So Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhorta(2005) re-worked out the study about on-line service quality measure base on 2002's study and invented E-S-QUAL. After they invented preliminary measure for on-line service quality, they made up a question for customers who had purchased at amazon.com and walmart.com and reassessed this measure. And they perfected an invention of E-S-QUAL consists of 4 dimensions, 22 items of efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, privacy. Efficiency measures assess to sites and usability and others, system availability measures accurate technical function of sites and others, fulfillment measures promptness of delivering products and sufficient goods and others and privacy measures the degree of protection of data about their customers and so on. 2.2 Service Recovery Service industries tend to minimize the losses by coping with service failure promptly. This responses of service providers to service failure mean service recovery(Kelly & Davis, 1994). Bitner(1990) went on his study from customers' view about service providers' behavior for customers to recognize their satisfaction/dissatisfaction at service point. According to them, to manage service failure successfully, exact recognition of service problem, an apology, sufficient description about service failure and some tangible compensation are important. Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhorta(2005) approached the service recovery from how to measure, rather than how to manage, and moved to on-line market not to off-line, then invented E-RecS-QUAL which is a measuring tool about on-line service recovery. 2.3 Customer Satisfaction The definition of customer satisfaction can be divided into two points of view. First, they approached customer satisfaction from outcome of comsumer. Howard & Sheth(1969) defined satisfaction as 'a cognitive condition feeling being rewarded properly or improperly for their sacrifice.' and Westbrook & Reilly(1983) also defined customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction as 'a psychological reaction to the behavior pattern of shopping and purchasing, the display condition of retail store, outcome of purchased goods and service as well as whole market.' Second, they approached customer satisfaction from process. Engel & Blackwell(1982) defined satisfaction as 'an assessment of a consistency in chosen alternative proposal and their belief they had with them.' Tse & Wilton(1988) defined customer satisfaction as 'a customers' reaction to discordance between advance expectation and ex post facto outcome.' That is, this point of view that customer satisfaction is process is the important factor that comparing and assessing process what they expect and outcome of consumer. Unlike outcome-oriented approach, process-oriented approach has many advantages. As process-oriented approach deals with customers' whole expenditure experience, it checks up main process by measuring one by one each factor which is essential role at each step. And this approach enables us to check perceptual/psychological process formed customer satisfaction. Because of these advantages, now many studies are adopting this process-oriented approach(Yi, 1995). 2.4 Loyalty Intention Loyalty has been studied by dividing into behavioral approaches, attitudinal approaches and complex approaches(Dekimpe et al., 1997). In the early years of study, they defined loyalty focusing on behavioral concept, behavioral approaches regard customer loyalty as "a tendency to purchase periodically within a certain period of time at specific retail store." But the loyalty of behavioral approaches focuses on only outcome of customer behavior, so there are someone to point the limits that customers' decision-making situation or process were neglected(Enis & Paul, 1970; Raj, 1982; Lee, 2002). So the attitudinal approaches were suggested. The attitudinal approaches consider loyalty contains all the cognitive, emotional, voluntary factors(Oliver, 1997), define the customer loyalty as "friendly behaviors for specific retail stores." However these attitudinal approaches can explain that how the customer loyalty form and change, but cannot say positively whether it is moved to real purchasing in the future or not. This is a kind of shortcoming(Oh, 1995). 3. Research Design 3.1 Research Model Based on the objects of this study, the research model derived is