• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of scientific program for gifted elementary students using metacognition on learning-flow and lingual interaction. For the purpose, the two classes for elementary science of P Institute for Gifted Education located in Pusan were assigned to experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental and controls groups received eight sessions applying a program for scientifically gifted students using metacognition and same program without using it, respectively. The learning-flow test and the lingual interaction observed among students and between teacher and students pre and post program were compared and analyzed. The results shows that there was no significant difference between pretest and posttest in experimental group, indicating that learning-flow is not a construct obtained by short-term using of metacognition. For the lingual interactions, however, the amounts of conversation and the ratio of high level conversation in experimental group were 1.6 and 1.5 times higher than those in control group. This suggests that the lingual interaction may be varied among classes even with same experiments, by instruction method. The lingual interaction is not active in control group where the experimental results may be obtained easily only with sincere attitude while, in experimental group, questions using metacognition and providing intellectual stimulation is continuously presented, leading to high level of lingual interaction, therefore it is considered that the development of scientific program for gifted elementary students using these advantages is needed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2004

The sample of this study on sibling relationships consisted of 40 pairs of preschool siblings and their mothers. Results were that elder siblings initiated more behavior, initiated more negative behavior, and responded with more negative or no response to affirmative behavior initiated by the younger siblings. Younger siblings exhibited more responsive behavior, initiated more affirmative behavior, showed more affirmative responses to or imitation of affirmative behavior, and imitation of negative behavior than elder siblings. Male pairs exhibited more physical affirmative interaction than female or male-female pairs. Female pairs exhibited more lingual affirmative interaction than male or male-female pairs. Siblings with similar temperaments showed more boastful or no response to negative behaviors than siblings with differing temperaments. Siblings with differing temperaments exhibited more affirmative behaviors than siblings with similar temperaments.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1963

A gene analysis study on the lingual movements in a sample of the Korean population was made. The abilities to roll and fold the tongue were tested simultaneously on 1,706 in which were included 258 of women. The results were as follows. 1) The gene frequencies of rolling and folding were estimated as GR , 0.6328 : Gr , 0.3672 ; GF, 0.6871 and Gf , 0.3129. The ability of rolling is dominant to not -rolling and not-folding trait is dominant to folding. 2) There is no interaction between genes of rolling and folding, and they inherit by the simple way of the Mendelian principle , that is , dihybrid of tongue movements reveals that the difference beetween observed and expected values is not significant.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2018

PURPOSE. Cement-retained implant prostheses can lack proper retrievability during repair, and residual cement can cause peri-implantitis. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of abutment height and convergence angle on the retrievability of cement-retained implant prostheses with lingual slots, known as retrievable cement-type slots (RCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We fabricated six types of titanium abutments (10 of each type) with two different heights (4 mm and 6 mm), three different convergence angles ($8^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, and $12^{\circ}$), a sloped shoulder margin (0.6 mm depth), a rectangular shape ($6mm{\times}6.5mm$) with rounded edges, and a rectangular ledge ($2mm{\times}1mm$) for the RCS. One monolithic zirconia crown was fabricated for each abutment using a dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. The abutments and crowns were permanently cemented together with dual-curing resin cement, followed by 24 hours in demineralized water at room temperature. Using a custom-made device with a slot driver and torque gauge, we recorded the torque ($N{\cdot}cm$) required to remove the crowns. Statistical analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Removal torques significantly decreased as convergence angles increased. Multiple regression analysis showed no significant interaction between the abutment height and the convergence angle (Durbin-Watson ratio: 2.186). CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we suggest that the retrievability of cement-retained implant prostheses with RCS can be maintained by adjusting the abutment height and convergence angle, even when they are permanently cemented together.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

실시간 소셜(Social) 네트워킹 서비스를 위해서, 사용 가능한-통합적-유비쿼터스 (U3) 웹 서비스에서의 모바일 상호작용을 연구하였다. 실시간 소셜 네트워크를 위한 편리한 모바일 HCI로서, 또한 유비쿼터스 웹 서비스에서의 메타데이터 정보 색인 키로서, 다국어 한 글자 도메인 명(예, 김.net, 이.net, 가.net, ㄱ.net, ㄴ.net, ㅎ.net, ㅏ.net, ㅔ.net, ㄱ.com, ㅎ.com) 은 소셜 정보를 검색하고 또한 등록할 때 편리한 모바일 인터페이스이다. U3 웹 서비스의 예로서, 실시간 소셜 네트워킹 서비스 구현과 함께 모바일 상호작용을 위해 스케치된 디자인 목표와 한국, 일본, 중국에서의 모바일 상호작용 경험을 소개한다. 또한, 소셜 네트워킹과 센서 네트워킹 서비스에서 통합 정보관리를 위해, IP 기반의 센서네트워크 (IP-USN)에서 메타데이터 디렉터리 서비스에의 응용 확장 가능성도 소개한다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제6호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2000

Listening comprehension is an integrative and creative process of interaction through which listeners receive speakers' production of linguistic or non-linguistic knowledge. Compared with reading comprehension, it may arouse difficulties and thus impose more burdens on foreign learners. The Audio-Lingual Method focused primarily on speaking. Mimicry, repetition, rote memory, and transformation drills actually interfered with listening comprehension. So learners lost interest and were not highly motivated. Improving listening comprehension requires continual attentiveness and interest. Listening skill can be extended systematically only when students are frequently exposed to a wide range of listening materials with an affective, cultural, social, and psycholinguistic approach. Therefore, teachers should help students learn how to comprehend intactly the overall meaning of intended messages. The literature on teaching listening skill suggests various useful activities: TPR, dictation, role playing, singing, picture recognition, completion, prediction, seeking specific information, summarizing, labeling, humor, jokes, cartoons, media, and so on. Practical classroom teaching necessitates a systematic procedure in which students should take part in meaningful tasks/activities. In addition to this, learners must practice listening comprehension trough a self-study process.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.500-504
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• 2013

본 논문은 웹 브라우저 기반 통신 방식인 WebRTC를 이용하여 고사양 저가의 단말인 Set Top Box(STB)에서 인터렉션을 할 수 있는 다국어l 화상 안내 응용 서비스 개발에 관한 것이다. 서버는 원격으로 연결된 씬 클라이언트의 디지털 정보 디스플레이와 함께 웹 카메라에 액세스하고 사용자와 안내 정보를 교환한다. 또한, 서버는 고화질 비디오 압축의 가상화 전송 방식을 사용함으로써 STB의 성능에 종속되지 않고 thin client STB에서 재생되는 원격 영상 안내 서비스 시스템을 제안한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated differences in bone healing and remodeling among 3 implants with different surfaces: sandblasting and large-grit acid etching (SLA; IS-III $Active^{(R)}$), SLA with hydroxyapatite nanocoating (IS-III $Bioactive^{(R)}$), and SLA stored in sodium chloride solution ($SLActive^{(R)}$). Methods: The mandibular second, third, and fourth premolars of 9 dogs were extracted. After 4 weeks, 9 dogs with edentulous alveolar ridges underwent surgical placement of 3 implants bilaterally and were allowed to heal for 2, 4, or 12 weeks. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed on 54 stained slides based on the following parameters: vertical marginal bone loss at the buccal and lingual aspects of the implant (b-MBL and l-MBL, respectively), mineralized bone-to-implant contact (mBIC), osteoid-to-implant contact (OIC), total bone-to-implant contact (tBIC), mineralized bone area fraction occupied (mBAFO), osteoid area fraction occupied (OAFO), and total bone area fraction occupied (tBAFO) in the threads of the region of interest. Two-way analysis of variance (3 types of implant $surface{\times}3$ healing time periods) and additional analyses for simple effects were performed. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed across the implant surfaces for OIC, mBIC, tBIC, OAFO, and tBAFO. Statistically significant differences were observed over time for l-MBL, mBIC, tBIC, mBAFO, and tBAFO. In addition, an interaction effect between the implant surface and the healing time period was observed for mBIC, tBIC, and mBAFO. Conclusions: Our results suggest that implant surface wettability facilitates bone healing dynamics, which could be attributed to the improvement of early osseointegration. In addition, osteoblasts might become more activated with the use of HA-coated surface implants than with hydrophobic surface implants in the remodeling phase.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2008

이 연구는 Clearfil SE Bond를 거친 법랑질 표면에 적용할 때, 자가부식 프라이머의 적용방식 (능동적인 또는 수동적인)과 접착레진의 도포회수 (1회 또는 2회)가 법랑질의 결합강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 16개의 발거된 대구치 치관의 협면이나 설면에서 법랑질 절편을 만들어 4개의 군으로 배정한 다음, 1군은 프라이머를 수동적으로 적용한 후 접착레진을 1회 도포하였고, 2군은 프라이머를 능동적으로 적용한 후 접착레진을 1회 도포하였고, 3군은 프라이머를 수동적으로 적용한 후 접착레진을 2회 도포하였고, 4군은 프라이머를 능동적으로 적용한 후 접착레진을 2회 도포하였다. 적용된 접착레진을 10초간 광조사한 후, 법랑질 표면에 2-3개의 Tygon tube를 위치시키고 Clearfil AP-X를 충전하고 40초간 광조사 하였다. Universal testing machine을 이용하여 법랑질 표면에서 복합레진이 파절될 까지 분당 1.0 mm의 cross-head speed로 전단하중을 가하고 통계적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 거친 법랑질에 대한 Clearfil SE Bond의 미세전단 결합강도는 자가부식 프라이머의 적용방식 보다는 접착레진의 도포회수에 의해 증가할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.