• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.499-509
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• 1998

In the absorption process of water vapor in a liquid film, the composition of the gas phase, in which a non-absorbable gas is combined with the absorbate influences the transport characteristics remarkably. In the present study, the absorption processes of water vapor into aqueous solution of lithium bromide in the presence of non-absorbable gases were investigated analytically. The continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion equations for the solution film and gas phase were formulated in integral forms and solved numerically. It was found that the mass transfer resistance in gas phase increased with the concentration of non-absorbable gas. However the primary resistance to mass transfer was in the liquid phase. As the concentration of non-absorbable gas in the absorbate increased, the liquid-vapor interfacial temperature and concentration of absorbate in solution decreased, which resulted in the reduction of absorption rate. The reduction of mass transfer rate was found to be significant for the addition of a small amount of non-absorbable gas to the pure vapor, especially at the outlet of an absorber where non-absorbable gases accumulated. At higher non-absorbable gas concentration, the decrease of absorption flux was almost linear to the volumetric concentration of non-absorbable gas.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1766-1775
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• 2001

A theoretical analysis on the heat and mass transfer in an evaporative cooler is presented in this work. The evaporative cooler is modeled as a channel filled with porous media the interstitial surface of which is covered by thin water film. Assuming that the Lewis number is unity and the water vapor saturation curve is linear, exact solutions to the energy and vapor concentration equations are obtained. Based on the exact solutions, the characteristics of the heat and mass transfer in the evaporative cooler are investigated. The comparison of the cooling performance between the evaporative cooler and the usual sensible heat exchanger is also carried out. Obviously, the evaporative heat exchanger shows better cooling performance than the sensible heat exchanger. This is due to the latent heat of water vaporization, which results in apparent increases both in the interstitial heat transfer coefficient and the specific heat of the air stream in the evaporative cooler.

• 태양에너지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1990

표면 온도가 균일하지 않은 원통을 균속도 유동장에 가로 놓았을 경우, 표면에서의 열전달 특성은 표면이 등온이거나 일정한 heat flux가 주어졌을 때와는 판이하게 다르다. 본 연구에서는 공기의 균속도 유동장내에서 두가지 경우(step형 및 선형변화)의 비등은 경제조건이 원통면을 따라 원주방향으로 주어졌을 때 표면에서의 열전달 특성을 고찰하였다. Step형 변화는 원통형 태양로의 표면에서 관찰될 수 있다. Solar One(Califomia주의 Barstow시에 있는 태양로)의 경우, 작동유체(물)는 표면을 따라 원주방향과 수직으로 설치된 튜브를 따라 흐르면서 액체상태로부터 고온고압의 증기로 변한다. 이 과정에서 태양로 표면의 receiver panel은 그 위치에 따라, preheater, boiler, 그리고 superheater의 역할을 수행하며 표면의 온도도 균일하지 않은 분포를 나타낸다. 이와 같은 경우 표면의 평균 온도를 가지고 대류에 의한 열 손실을 계산하면 큰 오류를 범할 가능성이 있다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2014

TEPC (Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter) was usually used for high LET radiation dosimetry. We developed a prototype TEPC for micro-dosimetry in the range of $0.2{\sim}300 keV/{\mu}m$. And, the simulated site diameter of the TEPC is $2{\mu}m$, of similar size to a cell nucleus. For purposes of characterization the response for high LET radiation of the TEPC has been investigated under 135MeV/u Carbon ions in HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator). We determined the gas multiplication factor and measured the lineal energy spectrum [yd(y)] of 135 MeV/u Carbon ions. The value of the gas multiplication factor was 315 at 700 V bias voltage. As a result of the experiment, we could more understand the performance of the TEPC for high LET (Linear Energy Transfer) radiation. And the procedure of high LET radiation dosimetry using TEPC is established.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.376-379
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• 1996

Synthesis for qualitative analysis in connection with quantitative analysis from the pinch design method, EVOP and Operations Research is proposed for the optimal synthesis of heat exchanger networks, that is through of the transportation model of the linear programming for synthesizing chemical processing systems, to determine the location of pinch points, the stream matches and the corresponding heat flowrate exchanged at each match. In the second place, according to the optimization, the optimal design of heat transfer enhancement is carried on a fixed optimum heat exchanger network structure, in which this design determines optimal operational parameters and the chosen type of heat exchangers as well. Finally, the method of this paper is applied to the study of the optimal synthetic design of heat exchanger network of constant-decompress distillation plants.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2005

It is widely accepted that the reading mechanism of Super-RENS(super-resolution near field structure) and Super-ROM(super-resolution read only memory) is closely related with non-linear temperature dependent material properties such as refractive indices, phase change. Furthermore, the dynamic change of the temperature distribution also an essential part of reading mechanism of Super-RENS/ROM. Therefore, the knowledge of the temperature distribution as a function a time is one of the important keys to reveal the physics of reading mechanism in Super-RENS/ROM. We calculated time-dependent temperature distribution in a 3-dimensional Super-ROM disk structure when moving laser beam is irradiated. With a help of commercial software FEMLAB which employed finite element method, we simulated the temperature distribution of ROM structure whose pit diameter is 120-nm with 50-nm depth. Energy absorption by moving laser irradiation, time variations of heat transfer processes, heat fluxes, heat transfer ratios, and temperature distributions of the complicate 3-dimensional ROM structure have been obtained.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.750-753
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• 1998

This paper gives a simple parameterization of all stable unbiased filters to solve the suboptimal mixed $H_2/H_{\infty}$ filtering problem. Using the central filter, mixed $H_2/H_{\infty}$ filter is designed which minimizes the upper bound for the $H_2$ norm of the transfer matrix from a white noise to the estimation error subject to an $H_{\infty}$ norm constraint on the transfer matrix from an energy-bounded noise to the estimation error. The problem of finding suitable estimator gain can be converted into a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2019

In this study, a two-dimensional oscillating foil with forward speed in a propagating wave flow field was considered. The time-mean power to maintain the heaving and pitching motions of the foil was analyzed using the perturbation theory in an ideal fluid. The power, which was a non-linear quantity of the second-order, was expressed in terms of the quadratic transfer functions related to the mutual product of the heaving and pitching motions and incoming vertical flow. The effects of the pivot point and phase difference among the disturbances were studied. The negative power, which indicates energy extraction from the fluid, is shown as an example calculation.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2019

Spherical $CeO_2:Ho^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ particles were synthesized using spray pyrolysis, and the upconversion (UC) properties were investigated with changing the preparation conditions and the infrared pumping power. The resulting particles had a size of about $1{\mu}m$ and hollow structure. The prepared $CeO_2:Ho^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ particles exhibited intense green emission due to the $^5F_4/^5S_2{\rightarrow}^5I_8$ transition of $Ho^{3+}$ and showed weak red or near-IR peaks. In terms of achieving the highest UC emission, the optimal concentrations of $Ho^{3+}$ and $Yb^{3+}$ were 0.3% and 2.0%, respectively. The UC emission intensity of prepared $CeO_2:Ho^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ particles had a linear relationship with crystallite size and concentration quenching was caused by dipole-dipole interaction between the same ions. Based on the dependency of UC emission on the pumping power, the observed green upconversion was achieved through a typical two-photon process and concluded that the main energy transfer from $Yb^{3+}$ to $Ho^{3+}$ was involved in the ground-state adsorption (GSA) process.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2015

A newly designed Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) has been developed for the CubeSat mission, SIGMA (Scientific cubesat with Instruments for Global Magnetic field and rAdiation) to investigate space radiation. In order to test the performance of the TEPC, we have performed heavy ion beam experiments with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. In space, human cells can be exposed to complex radiation sources, such as X-ray, Gamma ray, energetic electrons, protons, neutrons and heavy charged particles in a huge range of energies. These generate much a larger range of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) than on the ground and cause unexpected effects on human cells. In order to measure a large range of LET, from 0.3 to $1,000keV/{\mu}m$, we developed a compact TEPC which measures ionized particles produced by collisions between radiation sources and tissue equivalent materials in the detector. By measuring LET spectra, we can easily derive the equivalent dose from the complicated space radiation field. In this HIMAC experiment, we successfully obtained the linearity response for the TEPC with Fe 500 MeV/u and C 290 MeV/u beams and demonstrated the performance of the active radiation detector.