Current Optics and Photonics

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
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Up-conversion Luminescence Characterization of CeO2:Ho3+/Yb3+ Particles Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis

  • Jung, Kyeong Youl (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Min, Byeong Ho (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Dae Sung (Eco-composite Materials Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET)) ;
  • Choi, Byung-Ki (CQV Co., Ltd.)
  • Received : 2019.01.26
  • Accepted : 2019.02.28
  • Published : 2019.06.25
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Abstract

Spherical $CeO_2:Ho^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ particles were synthesized using spray pyrolysis, and the upconversion (UC) properties were investigated with changing the preparation conditions and the infrared pumping power. The resulting particles had a size of about $1{\mu}m$ and hollow structure. The prepared $CeO_2:Ho^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ particles exhibited intense green emission due to the $^5F_4/^5S_2{\rightarrow}^5I_8$ transition of $Ho^{3+}$ and showed weak red or near-IR peaks. In terms of achieving the highest UC emission, the optimal concentrations of $Ho^{3+}$ and $Yb^{3+}$ were 0.3% and 2.0%, respectively. The UC emission intensity of prepared $CeO_2:Ho^{3+}/Yb^{3+}$ particles had a linear relationship with crystallite size and concentration quenching was caused by dipole-dipole interaction between the same ions. Based on the dependency of UC emission on the pumping power, the observed green upconversion was achieved through a typical two-photon process and concluded that the main energy transfer from $Yb^{3+}$ to $Ho^{3+}$ was involved in the ground-state adsorption (GSA) process.

Keywords

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FIG. 1. (a) Emission spectra measured under the excitation of 980 nm IR laser for CeO2:Ho3+ and CeO2:Ho3+/Yb3+ particles prepared by spray pyrolysis and (b) energy-level diagram for Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions.

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FIG. 3. SEM photos of CeO2:Ho3+/Yb3+ powder prepared by spray pyrolysis: (a) as-prepared, (b) 900℃, (c) 1000℃, (d) 1100℃ and (e) 1200℃. (f) Particle formation mechanism in spray pyrolysis.

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FIG. 4. Concentration effect of Ho3+ and Yb3+ on the upconversion properties of Ce1-x-yO2:xHo3+/yYb3+: Emission spectra (a and b) and three-dimensional plot of the green emission intensity (c) while changing the amount of Yb3+ and Ho3+ ions. All samples are calcined at 1200℃.

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FIG. 5. Linear plots between of (a) ln(I/x or I/y) against ln(x or y) and (b) ln(I/(x+y)) versus ln(x+y) for Ce1-x-yO2:xHo3+/yYb3+.

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FIG. 6. (a) Upconversion emission spectra at different pumping power and (b) logarithmic dependence of green peak intensity as a function of pumping power for CeO2:Hox3+/Yby3+ (x = 0.003, y = 0.02). Changes in the n value as a function of (c) Yb3+mol%, (d) Ho3+ mol% and (e) Yb3+/Ho3+ mole ratio.

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