• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2006

Two-phase flow through a T-junction has been studied by numerous researchers so far. The dividing characteristics of the gas and liquid phases at the T-junction are very complicated due to a lot of related variables. The prediction models have been suggested by using experimental data for a specific condition or working fluid. But, they showed the application limitation for the most of the other conditions or fluids. Since most of them are applicable for their own experimental range, the generalized model for the wide range of conditions and fluids is needed. Even though it's not available now, some of the models developed for air-water flow at a T-junction might be applicable for the part of refrigerants with some modifications. Especially, for the two-phase flow of refrigerants at the T-junction, very few studies have been performed. Further experimental study is required to be performed for the wide range of test conditions and fluids to predict properly the two-phase flow distribution and phase separation through the T-junction.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 1996

The diagnostic accuracy of routine cytological preparations from effusions ranges from 60% to 70%. Immunohistochemical markers, especially tumor-associated antigens, have been successfully employed to increase diagnostic sensitivity in effusion cytology. However, more than two different antibodies in diagnosis of effusions are needed. In the view of prevalence of abnormalities of p53 gene in human malignancies we investigated the diagnostic usefulness of demonstration of p53 protein immunoreactivity in distinguishing benign changes versus malignant processes in effusions. p53 protein expression was studied immunohistochemically in 76 effusions(28 malignant and 48 benign) using anti-human p53 antibody p53 immunoreactivity was identified in 19 of 28(67.9%) malignant effusions. In contrast, no p53 immunoreactivity was observed in all benign effusions. A specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 67.9% were observed. These results suggest that immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein seems to be helpful in distinguishing benign changes versus malignant processes in effusions, although its principal limitation is its relatively low sensitivity.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1997

The specificity of cytologic examination in effusions is high but the sensitivity is low. Therefore, various ancillary methods for the detection of malignant cells in effusions have been proposed. The presence of an aneuploid cell population is generally considered diagnostic of malignancy. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the routine use of flow cytometry adds to standard cytologic evaluation in effusions. We did flow cytometric DNA analysis in 76 effusions(28 malignant and 48 benign fluids). All the 48 benign effusions were diploid. There were 12(42.9%) aneuploid and 16(67.1%) diploid malignant effusions. Based on these results flow cytometric DNA analysis had a sensitivity of 42.9% and a specificity of 100%. These results suggest that flow cytometric DNA analysis may be a useful adjunct to conventional cytology, but its principal limitation is us relatively low sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.173-188
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• 2008

This study focused on production and distribution situations of Korean organic beef cattle at Hongseong Chungnam. Case Farmers have raised cattle organically based on interchange between a few Consumers' Life Cooperatives(CLC) and them. CLC furnished with funding to purchase calves and bought the cattle beef. However, they have many problems related to procuring organic feed in producing organic beef. Presently, they have used organic byproducts from sowing farming and prepared grass places. But they don't breed organic beef cattle in a large scale because of the limitation of organic feed output.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.406-409
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• 2004

Recently, many auto makers and OEM are now developing various telematics control units(TCU). TCU has an embedded OS and many user-friendly services inherently and frequently the driver operates the TCU on driving a car. Although the TCU has some accident resistive functions, secondhand accidental problem arose. Current Korean domestic TCUs have some interfaces such as push-button, touch screen, voice recognition and etc. But, because of operational complexity, technical limitation, it has not sufficient user-friendly interface. In this paper, to overcome this problem, haptic devices are considered. We present haptic devices and applications on the basis of that of U.S. Immersion co. and also BMW's iDrive technology.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.18-27
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• 2001

In this paper, the MSA to load a capacitor without limitation of the electric force on the transformed MSA is proposed. Bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 7.76% at the resonant frequency of 1.9 GHz, is observed the resonant frequency and bandwidth versus change of any arbitrary feed point. It was found that the bandwidth of this MSA to load a capacitor is broader than that of the transformed MSA. Antenna,s equivalent circuit with transmission line model is designed to find more accurate resonant frequency and is calculated return loss value. The calculated value is agreed resonably with experimental value.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1296-1305
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• 1990

Common enclosure type SF6 circuit breakers have been developed in many countries for their compact design and economical merits, but their performance testing method is one of the difficult problems because of the limitation of testing capacity. This paper studies a three phase synthetic testing circuit which consists of 4-unit circuits based on the current injection method. This new synthetic testing circuit can be used in both ways of three phase testing up to 242kV rating and single phase testing up to 800kV rating.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.355-356
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• 2000

Three 'stress probe' plasmids were constructed and characterized which utilize a green fluorescent protein (CFP) as a non-invasive reporter to elucidate Escherichia coli cellular stress responses in quiescent or 'resting' cells. Facile detection of cellular stress levels was achieved by fusion of three heat shock stress protein promoter elements, those of the heat shock transcription factor ${\sigma}^{32}$, pretense subunit ClpB, and chaperone DnaK, to the reporter gene $gfp_{uv}$. When perturbed by chemical or physical stress (such as heat shock, nutrient (amino acid) limitation, addition of IPTG, acetic acid, ethanol, phenol, antifoam, and salt (osmotic shock), the E. coli cells produced GFPuv which was easily detected from within the cells as emitted green fluorescence. A temporal and amplitudinal mapping of these responses was performed, demonstrating regions where quantitative delineation of cell stress was afforded.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.418-421
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• 2001

The gellan was produced by Pseudomonas elodea ATCC 31461 under aerobic condition. Gellan provides various functionalities such as gelling, suspending, stabilizing, emulsifying and binding properties in aqueous systems. In this study, the effect of glucose concentration and nitrogen sources concentration, bacto peptone and $NH_4NO_3$, on the cell growth and the production of gellan were evaluated. The maximum specific yield (g gellan/g cell) of 2.22 was obtained at 1.0% of glucose. Bacto peptone increased cell growth. And nitrogen limitation was essential for higher production of gellan. The highest cell and gellan production were abtained at 0.5 g/${\ell}$ of bacto peptone without $NH_4NO_3$.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.2 s.42
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• pp.21-40
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the features of the avant-garde architecture in the end of the 20th Century based on the ontology as a metalanguage. In view of the results so for achieved, it is possible to say that the thought of becoming, topology, rhizome thought and the Deleuze's concepts of the fold and the event as ever-changing and evolving at any given time are found in the avant-garde architecture, and the introduction of ontological thought into architectural design encourage hopes for a more natural and existential quality in architecture. However, the avant-garde architecture in the end of the 20th century disclosed the limitation in the architectural expression of ontological thought due to the lack of fully understand on ontology. In conclusion, the ontological approach in architecture offers a new morphological methodology and a new way of programming considering the existential aspect of space through the bricoleur's means leaving the ontological meaning of architecture itself.