• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2001

In this paper, we implement the large variable vocabulary speech recognition system, which is characterized by no additional pre-training process and no limitation of recognized word list. We have designed the system in order to achieve the high recognition rate using the decision tree based state tying algorithm and in order to reduce the processing time using the gaussian selection based variable flooring algorithm, the limitation algorithm of the number of nodes and ENNS algorithm. The gaussian selection based variable flooring algorithm shows that it can reduce the total processing time by more than half of the recognition time, but it brings about the reduction of recognition rate. In other words, there is a trade off between the recognition rate and the processing time. The limitation algorithm of the number of nodes shows the best performance when the number of gaussian mixtures is a three. Both of the off-line and on-line experiments show the same performance. In our experiments, there are some differences of the recognition rate and the average recognition time according to the distinction of genders, speakers, and the number of vocabulary.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2011

For dental treatment of children with severe dental phobia, sedation or general anesthesia is usually selected for enhancement of cooperation. But in the case of mouth opening limitation due to temporomandibular disorders, general anesthesia administration is a challenge for anesthesiologist. Because airway management failure was concerned, awake fibroscopic intubation is selected first. But, skillful fibroscopic intubation is not easy in case of uncooprative children patients. In this report, we present two cases of pediatric patients with mouth opening limitation. In the first case, the patient was 52 months old and the maximum opening distance was 1.2 cm, and in the second case the patient was 38 months old and the maximum opening distance was 1.5 cm. Both patients showed severe dental phobia. After sevoflurane inhalation without any intravenous drug, we successfully performed intubation using a fibroscope.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-87
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• 2021

Groundwater is considered to be the best water resource to solve water shortage problems during drought periods. Even though excessive pumping (overdraft) during short-period may give an unprofitable effect on groundwater hydrology, it has a primary role to solve a lack of water resources and to maintain incomes of farmers. This study evaluated maximum irrigation amounts of groundwater to each local-government and province during drought periods. Maximum irrigation amounts of groundwater were evaluated using cumulative groundwater usage data of each local-government during normal and drought years. Maximum irrigation amounts of groundwater during drought periods would be roughly identified as approximately 1.3 times more than the exploitable amounts of groundwater resources for each local-government. Drawdown-limitation depth on groundwater levels at each monitoring well was determined by transforming the maximum irrigating amounts into degree of change on levels. Universal limitation depth of drawdown on groundwater levels was evaluated to be approximately three times of annual fluctuating range on groundwater levels for each monitoring well. Systematic response on groundwater demands with abiding by drawdown-limitation depth can attain an optimal irrigation of groundwater resources during short-term drought.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 2017

A 70-year-old Korean female with diplopia and left ptosis due to oculomotor nerve palsy presented to the hospital. The patient was treated with electroacupuncture, sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture, and moxibustion. She also received acupuncture and herbal medicines Siryeng-tang and Boikyangwi-tang. The change in length (mm) from the medial canthus to the lateral iris was measured to evaluate limitation of eye movement, and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for diplopia. Limitation of eye movement and diplopia was used to determine diplopia. The limitation of eye movement and diplopia were improved after the administration of the Korean medicines. Korean medicine may be effective in treating limitation of eye movement and diplopia due to oculomotor nerve palsy.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2012

The effluent limitation of industrial wastewater is based on uniform regulatory criteria for effluent discharge facilities of all in Korea. But, an individual effluent limitation on each effluent discharge facility is widely applicable for regulation of industrial wastewater in US.EPA. To decide an individual effluent limitation, TBEL (Technology-based effluent limitation) and WQBEL (Water quality-based effluent limitation) are used. TBEL is based on the capability of a treatment technology to reduce the pollutants. WQBEL is based on ambient water quality standards. In this study, TBEL were derived for the pulp, paper and paper board manufacturing based on best practicable control technology currently available. It was suggested that effluent limitations were $BOD_5$ 4.7 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ 44.3 mg/L, SS 13.2 mg/L, TN 1.4 mg/L, TP 0.15 mg/L and best practicable control technology currently available (BPT) was neutralization, activated sludge treatment and coagulation and sedimentation for the pulp, paper and paper board manufacturing.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.64
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• pp.39-64
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• 2014

The object of International License Contract is technology. Technology is means to produce visible goods, which are human's intellectual creations such as Intellectual Property Right - patent, design, trademark- and Know-how. Unlike visible goods which decrease as being used, these technologies are possible to be produced expansively and develop additionally. Therefore, the way to make a contract of goods is a sales contract which transfers ownership while technology follows license contract which gives approval of use for a certain period. International license contract means that licensor has right to possess, allows licensee to use licensed technology for a fixed period and takes royalty. So there are various matters such as selection of the duration of a contract, confirmation of technology range, competition limitation, technique guidance and support, calculation of royalty, withholding tax between parties. This study examines licensor's grant of license and competition limitation. Intellectual property rights fundamentally give exclusive rights to the creator so the licensor use or dispose of his or her intellectual property rights at will. Technology transfer is possible through license contract because of this right. But licensor must exercise his or her intellectual property rights within a reasonable limit. It means, when licensor makes an unreasonable demand abusing his or her position, it is regarded as competition limitation clause and the deal itself may become null. Therefore, restraint on competition needs to be examined in detail as it influences on contract validity. Each country has their own competition laws for establishing a fair market order and inspection guide and guideline for judging whether there is any unfair act related to intellectual property rights. Judgment on intellectual property rights is subject the technology-introduced country's domestic laws and thus, contracting parties each need to precede opposite nation's domestic laws system.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

A process for the production of bioplastics from wastewater with an open microbial culture was developed and evaluated. The process consists of a selection reactor to select bacteria in feast/famine regime and an accumulation reactor to produce PHA using selected bacteria. Polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHAs) accumulating bacteria could be efficiently grown in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR) without any growth limitation. For the high production of PHA limitation such as oxygen and nutrients seemed to be needed. Accumulation experiments were performed to evaluate the level of accumulation of PHA. Limited aeration had no effect, but nutrients limitation showed high accumulation. Bacteria which were selected in the SBR could accumulate PHA till 60% of cellular dry weight in accumulation experiments under nitrogen limitation. PHA accumulation rate decreased with increasing PHA content in the cells. Clearly, PHA accumulation rate has a strong correlation with the PHA content of the cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1998

For mass production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), high cell density cultures of Alcaligenes eutrophus by fed-batch culture under phosphate-limitation condition has been investigated. PHA accumulation by the regulation by the regulation of initial phosphate concentration could be automatically induced, and high density cell culture above 200 g/L also could be successfully produced. The production of Poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and dry cell weight increased with increasing the initial phosphate concentration. When the initial concentrations of phosphate were in the ranges of 1.5~4.5 g-PO$_4$/L, PHB and dry cell weight obtained were 83~266 g/L and 61~216 g/L, respectively, and PHB productivity was in the ranges of 1.35~3.10 g/L.h. When a mixture of glucose and propionic acid is used as carbon sources, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-poly-3-hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB-co-3HV), could be also successfully produced under phosphate limitation condition. When the mole ratio of propionic acid to glucose in the feeding solution is 0.22, a final dry cell weight of 150 g/L and a P(3-HB-co-3HV) of 90 g/L were produced. Morphological changes and size distribution of PHB granules synthesized in A. eutrophus under phosphate-limitation condition are determined by TEM during the course of fed-batch. Mean granule diameters of PHB produced are in the range of 0.36~0.39 $\mu$m, and mean cell size was elongated from 0.54~0.59 $\mu$m$\times$ 1.3~1.5 $\mu$m to 0.83~0.89 $\mu$m $\times$2.0~2.3 $\mu$m. Phosphate concentration in media did not affect size distribution of PHB granule and cell.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.216-228
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• 1996

This study has purpose to perform leaving the hospital nursing plan during hospital treatment of patient with the knee ligament Injury on the basis of the concerns between the time of leaving the hospital after 2 weeks in hospital and the concerns through practical life after leaving the hospital systematically. This study is also tried to make exercise plan to prevent atrophy of Quardriceps muscle of the thigh caused by the limitation of activities. The subjects of study are 12 people who were in the hospital in affiliation to a university in Seoul, were operated on the knee ligament, and were discharged from the hospital within 2 weeks. Data collection time was for about 4 months from December, 94 to March, 95. Research method was performed 2 times by unorganized open questions. The collection of first data is through direct interview about the concerns before leaving the hospital, and secondary data is through direct interview about the concerns by practical life and experiences after leaving the hospital. The data was categorized by classifying several common elements among similar contents according to data by the situational analysis of Giorgi. The result of this study is as follows : 1) The concerns before leaving the hospital are like that the concerns of recovery possibility, the limitation of activities, the grim realities of life, the lack of confidence about self-nursing, the eyes of the surroundings, the burden to the others, and so on. 2) The concerns after leaving the hospital are like that the demands of the inconvenience by the limitation of self-nursing, the support about self-nursing by the difficulties of performing treatment order, the support of physical activities limitation by physical tiredness and the limitation of social activities, the support of information by the necessities of education in using crutches before leaving the hospital and continuing informational needs, psychological and mental support of normal physical recovery by the worries of physical recovery and physical change, and social support by thankfulness for his family and relatives. I suggest to make more systematic leaving the hospital nursing plan and exercise education plan for nursing plan after leaving the hospital of the patients with the knee ligament injury on the basis of this content.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3156-3163
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• 2011

This study is to investigate the effect of the limitation factor in women's marine sports on negotiation strategy and participation decision. we selected out 278 in total by cluster random sampling that are women in their twenties living in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas in 2009. 2009 years 1 July to 30 July were surveyed. There are the following results performed by a frequency analysis, a factor analysis, a reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Windows 15.0 Version. First, the limitation factor in women's marine sports partially influences on negotiation strategy. Second, the participation limitation factor in women's marine sports partially influences on participation decision. Third, the participation negotiation strategy in women's marine sports partially influences participation decision.