• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine associated factors affecting the utilization of Medical Care for an overactive bladder. Methods: Total 114 women with overactive bladder participated in this study. Patients were categorized in two groups, the patients with treatment experiences for an overactive bladder(n=40) and without treatment experiences for an overactive bladder(n=74). Patients completed Overactive Bladder Severity Score, Beck Depression Inventory, King's Health Questionnaire, and questionnaires on treatment experience. The results were analysed using SPSS for Windows 12.0k. All statistical tests were two-sided with a p-value < 0.05 being significant. Results: Patients with treatment experience had a greater score on KHQ, OABSS, BDI and had longer symptom duration period than those without treatment experience. And only Impact of Life(P=0.004), Role Limitation(P=0.004), Social Limitation(P=0.007), Emotion(P=0.035), Sleep/Energy(P=0.001), Incontinence Severity Measures(P=0.012) among KHQ domains were statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: The most influencing factor associated with utilization of Medical Service in overactive bladder is the impact of the patient's quality of life.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the the effect of organizational reputation on company commitment, turnover intention and the moderating effect of employer trust. Despite the progress of organizational reputation studies, There is a shortage of employee-perspective studies. This study considered the limitation of previous study and the help to the company. This study built a exploratory model that there is causal relationship of organizational reputatio to company commitment, turnover intention and the moderating effect of employer trust on the effect of company commitment, and turnover intention. To test hypotheses empirically, the data was collected from 239 iron and steel company's workers in Po-hang. The study showed following results. First organizational reputation had the effect on the company commitment and turnover intention significantly. a positve reputation in an organization is associate with commitment and negative reputation in an organization is associate with turnover. Second perceived employer trust played the role as the moderating variable in relation with the effect of reputation on the company commitment. The implication of these results to the union and the company, the limitation and the direction of future study were suggested.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.453-474
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• 2013

The Internet is also fragmenting containers of goods that could have been custom cleared on a single entry into dozens of individual shipments that each require separate customs documents and clearance procedures. The policies of Korean government could promote the e-business environment and market conditions in legal and infrastructure terms, but not much of business itself. The facilitation of trade procedures is seen by all major international business as vital for economic development. The purpose of the study is to develop the e-Trade application, limitation and activation. This article intends to derive which factors are significant at information strategic planning stage as well as its evaluation stage. The study include the technical explanations under the ubiquitous computing.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a design method that the crosstalk of probe connector pins satisfy the limitation of -30 dB. The parameters(inductance and capacitance) were extracted in the grid-structured probe connector pin system, and it is shown that the new parameters are easily calculated with increasing ground pin numbers using the previously calculated parameters. In addition, the crosstalk reduction algorithm by employing more grounds around the signal pin has been suggested, and it is confirmed that the suggested method is quite effective especially for the reduction of inductive couplings. Finally, we suggested the correlation between the pitch and the length of the pins to satisfy the crosstalk limitation of -30 dB with the given number of ground pins, which will be quite useful when design a probe connector pin system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated carabid beetles residing in the wetlands to understand their ecological adaptation and strategy selection associated with restricted resources and habitat limitation. The species richness, abundance, seasonal activity, and spatial distribution of the carabid beetles between the Mujechi Wetlands (wetland sites) and Mt. Jeongjok (mountain sites) have been compared. A total of 1,733 individual beetles from 30 species were collected and classified at the studied sites. The wetland sites were identified as having lower species richness and abundance for carabid beetles when compared with the adjacent mountain sites, whereas these beetles were observed to be dominant in the wetland sites than in the adjacent mountain sites. Calosoma inquisitor cyanescens, Carabus sternbergi sternbergi, and Carabus jankowskii jankowskii species were dominant in both the wetland and mountain sites. These species showed significantly different seasonal activity patterns in the wetland sites relative to the mountain sites. Although the three listed carabid species were observed to be widely distributed throughout the wetland sites, they still showed preference for drier sites, which clearly shows a distinction in their habitats. The results of the spatial-temporal distribution of carabid beetles in the wetland sites reflect their special strategies regarding space and time partitioning for maintaining their population. The distribution patterns of carabid beetles in the wetland sites also showed the desiccation gradient and environmental changes prevalent in wetlands. Ecological surveys, which use carabid beetles in the wetlands, can then be performed when restoring wetlands and for establishing management practices for improving the habitat quality.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

Interior space of modern society has a request for non-functional considerations as well as a need for function. French sociologist Jean Baudrillard defined this phenomenon as a dialectical relationship between the functional system and the non-functional system in his book "The System of Objects". The main goal of interior design is the pursuit of non-functional aspects which can satisfy emotional needs of human being without ignoring functional side. This means that designer should exceed the limitation of the functional system and overcome it by his own idea and method. Under this recognition, this paper tried to understand how Shiro Kuramata and Takashi Sugimoto accomplished the overcoming successfully. Sugimoto breaks through mechanical monotony introducing the non-functional objects into the functional system. His objects have power and form of the nature. They also shows traces of manufacture and labor. They works as media transferring old life and values. Sugimoto sometimes adopts the non-functional system such as collection, so it reveals time of collecting and arrangement of various objects. In contrast to Sugimoto, Kuramata erased the form of functional object and turned over the everydayness of the functional system. Instead, aesthetical phenomena substitutes form. Having doubts about the geometrical order of functional system, he opened a discourse for its meaning and limitation. However they have something in common which works as a blueprint for establishing subject's discourse. This discourse is comprised of their own memories of scenes. These subjects' discourse institute worlds through their design works based on each methodology. From the Heideggerian point of view, the worlds offer a foundation which allows the establishment of art in interior design.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.435-448
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• 2012

Evapotranspiration (ET) including evaporation from a land surface and transpiration from photosynthesis of vegetation is a sensitive hydrological factor with outer circumstances. Though both direct measurements with an evaporation pan and a lysimeter, and empirical methods using eddy covariance technique and the Bowen ratio have been widely used to observe ET accurately, they have a limitation that the observation can stand for the exact site, not for an area. In this study, remote sensing technique is adopted to compensate the limitation of ground observation using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) multispectral sensor mounted on Terra satellite. We improved to evapotranspiration model based on remote sensing (Mu et al., 2007) and estimated Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration considering regional characteristics of Korea that was using only MODIS product. We validated evapotranspiration of Sulma (SMK)/Cheongmi (CFK) flux tower observation and calculation. The results showed high correlation coefficient as 0.69 and 0.74.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1271-1282
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of either maize or sulla silage supplementation to grazing dairy cows in summer. Forage mixtures used in the four week trial were based on previous experimental results but inclusion of rumen fistulated cows in five treatments enabled rumen sampling and use of in sacco incubations to determine the diet effects on digestion kinetics. Sulla and maize silages were used to supplement pasture and to meet minimum requirements for dietary protein concentration. Five groups of ten cows were grazed on a restricted daily allowance of 18 kg dry matter (DM) pasture/cow to simulate a summer pasture deficit, and four of these five groups received an additional 6 kg DM $cow^{-1}d^{-1}$ of silage (sulla, maize, or sulla and maize silages). A sixth group was given a relatively unrestricted (38 kg DM $cow^{-1}d^{-1}$) pasture allowance. The silage mixtures and pasture were incubated in sacco during the final week of the trial. The pasture was of high nutritive value and not typical of usual summer conditions, which favoured a response to quantity rather than quality of silage supplements. There was no difference in cow performance with the four silage supplements and the low milk solids (MS) production (about 1.0 kg $MS\;d^{-1}$) relative to full pasture (1.3 kg $MS\;d^{-1}$) showed the principal limitation to performance was dry matter intake. Milk composition was not affected by silage type and the low level of pasture substitution (0.29) suggested metabolizable energy (ME) was the principal limitation to performance. Samples of rumen liquor and in sacco data demonstrated significant effects of supplement; DM degradation rates (k) was highest ($0.084h^{-1}$) when cows were fed 6 kg sulla silage whereas diets with a high proportion of maize silage were slowly degraded (p<0.01).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.246-249
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• 1998

With the recent progress of microsurgical techniques, radial forearm free flap has an established place in oral reconstruction. Providing thin, soft and pliable skin with a large and constant vascular pedicle, this flap is optimal for intraoral reconstruction. One of the disadvantages of the flap is donor site morbidity, therefore various methods can be used to reduce it. A male complained of palatal and retromolar area mass with ulceration, which was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. He also complained of discomfort and mouth opening limitation, attributed to the location and characteristics of the mass. Because of mouth opening limitation, mandibular swing approach was performed to allow for the surgical approach to the mass. After the surgical excison of the lesion, the intraoral defect was successfully reconstructed with radial forearm free flap.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.90-98
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• 2008

PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) which is used for the security of E-commerce (Electronic-commerce) in wired internet is not suitable for the mobile phone because of the fundamental limitation of performance such as less memory and less powerful CPU. Therefore, we need to develop a wireless PKI (WPKI) that provides the similar security level as the wired PKI supporting mobile phone. In this paper, we propose a lightweight and secure Wireless Certificate Management Protocol (WCMP) that is executable to the mobile phone that has a constrained communication environment and limitation of performance, and show the implementation results of the scheme based on the mobile phone. We minimize data sizes processed in mobile phone, and optimize protocols for the certificate management. This results in the reduced module sizes to be able to install in mobile phone and shows as the same level as the wired CMP.