• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.72-85
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the ecological restoration on the limestone mines in Korea, through the research of the revegetation measures of the disturbed slopes in Japanese limestone mines and the analysis of the case of Ibuki and Bukou limestone mines to realize the restoration works successfully. According to the number of mines to carry out the revegetation works increase every year, the revegetation area and amount of planting also go on increasing in Japan. In the small mines the environmental problem is not recognized seriously, but some mines have muchly invested in the revegetation of the damaged land by mines. Ibuki mine in Shiga-gen is practicing the four principles for the restoring of the revegetation in the disturbed slopes by mines. Firstly, the mean slope preserves $37^{\circ}$ in the last rock cut slopes. Secondly, the last rock cut slopes to rehabilitate are covered with the soil dressing 30cm high. Thirdly, the grasses in the mining area are digged up beforehand, and then they are reused to the revegetation works of rock cut slopes. Lastly, from the upper rock cut slopes the revegetation works begin, the process of the above are repeated, as the result, the restoring works will be completed. Upon the ground of these principles, the complex of the original vegetation and the native species seeding, that is, the revegetation technique of Ibuki have established. In the difficult area to revegetate, sodding works, heaping up vegetation-sack, seed-spraying, heaping up soil-sacks and planting works are adapted variously. Bukou mine in Saitama-gen try to maintain the revegetation, the screening and the stability of the enormous mining rock cut slope, and for these works, the activity of 'Chichibu Working Group of Rock Wall for Limestone Mines' contributes largely. The chief technique of the revegetation in Bukou mine is following; after the making the berm on the rock cut slopes, the soil dressing is filled in it, and the trees is planted for the screening of the rock cut slopes. They devide the rock cut slopes into four typical types, and choose the different ways to make the berm and fill the soil dressing in characteristic. Most of the planting trees are consist ofthe native species of Mt. Bukou through the stages of the nursery and transplantation. Not only the revegetation of the demaged land but also the breeding of the conservational plants also are their important business.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.421-433
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• 2003

Demand for limestone production from both the underground and opencast mines in Korea is gradually increasing. Increase in productivity with safe mining operations is the emphasis laid on the mining industry. KIGAM has undertaken a detailed investigation to apply RMR and Q classification system for the design of underground limestone mining operations. The field investigations were confined to the underground mines of Daesung Mining Development Co. Ltd. and Pyunghae Mines of Korean Airport Service. Modification to the standard RMR and Q for limestone mines in Korea along with the correlation between these two systems are discussed while attempts were also made to calculate the width of a safe unsupported span.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

Most of limestone mines in Korea have been developed by a open-cut mining method in consideration of a deposited condition of ore, ore recovery, safety, economic efficiency, etc.. But it has produced environmental problems such as dust flying, blasting noise & vibration, and spoil of farmlands due to slope failure of waste rock mass caused by access road construction, fragmentation & crush of rocks, blasting, transportation, and mineral processing. In this study, it has been suggested for measures to reduce mine hazards caused by open- cut mining of limestone nines.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

This study, focusing on the area expansion of limestone mines, identifies the problems of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) and what impact the current problems exert on another mines developing process. The legal relations analysis reveals that the Management of Mountainous Districts Act and other related laws effect on EIA process, especially the case of area expansion of limestone mines excluded from EIA. However, these problems can create mismatch with the policy goal of EIA system and have a negative impact on the environment in the future. A series of indepth interviews with managers in related agencies found that those agencies have been unaware of the seriousness of the problem. Without any strategy, negative result made by development activities would get more serious and sustainable development may not be possible at all. In order to solve these problems, government should modify the current interdependent legal provision and create the incentive structure to participate actively related agency in the EIA system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

Due to increased interest in environmental friendly ecological development and restoration, civil appeals concerning various environmental and landscape problems are continuously being lodged in cases where open-pit limestone mines are situated in places with eminent natural landscape. In this study, with the open-pit limestone mines located in the Baekdu mountain range as a study area, intends to contribute in recognition of various environmental problems and in the promotion of a reasonable restoration plan through high quality geo-spatial information. And it is planning to establish a method for sustained monitoring of the limestone mining by building intelligent national land information of the study area through combining Airborne Laser Scanning and Terrestrial LiDAR based surveying.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.543-555
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• 2015

At present, local limestone mines with large opening employ auxiliary fans for workplace ventilation which have been used in coal mines with much smaller airways. Considering the low static pressure loss in the large-opening mines, high pressure auxiliary fans face serious economical limitations mainly due to their excessive capacity. The optimal fan selected for the ventilation in large-opening working places should supply air quantity enough for maintaining safe environment and keep its operating cost as low as possible. This study focuses on the development of a low pressure auxiliary fan designed to have smaller range of the static head but to have more potential for higher ventilation and energy efficiency. The flow characteristics of high and low pressure auxiliary fans were theoretical as well as experimentally investigated to assess the ventilation efficiency in term of environmental and economical aspects. Moreover, the low pressure fan was tested in two limestone mine sites with small and large cross-sectional areas for evaluating its ventilation efficiency. Results from this study can be applied to improve the economy and efficiency of auxiliary fan for ensuring better air quality and work environment management.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.358-371
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• 2018

The stability of openings in the underground mine is major concern in the operation of mines that must ensure productivity and safety. Among many rock conditions affecting cavities stability, the width and height of the opening is an important design factor. In this paper, we consider to determine the maximum unsupported span of a opening in a limestone mine by using the Q system among several rock classification schemes. In order to determine the span of the unsupported opening in the limestone mine, rock mass classifications were carried out at over 200 sites in the underground limestone mines. The relationships by using the Q system and the stability graph proposed by Mathews to determine the maximum span of the unsupported opening were derived and compared. We propose a new classification method that combines GSI and RMR rock classification systems to make it easy to use in a field.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.479-482
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• 2015

The flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process is one of the most effective methods to reduce the amount of $SO_2$ gas (up to 90%) generated by the use of fossil fuel. Limestone is usually used as a desulfurizing agent in the wet-type FGD process; however, the limestone reserves of domestic mines have become exhausted. In this study, limestone sludge produced from the steel works process is used as a desulfurizing agent. Seven different types of additives are also used to improve the efficiency of the desulfurization process. As a result, alkaline additive is identified as the least effective additive, while certain types of organic acids show higher efficiency. It is also observed that the amount of FGD gypsum, which is a by-product of the FGD process, increases with the used of some of those additives.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.274-282
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• 2016

Natural ventilation is employed in limestone mines that have been currently operated in Korea, and there has been a growing issue of a significantly weak airflow caused by the large-scale excavation. Thus, the air quality in the working area is considerably poor. In order to improve this circumstance, it is mainly required to examine ventilation performance. In this study, the examination of ventilation efficiency was conducted by using tracer gas method. The result of this work indicated detailedly the ventilation problems in research mine, in that extremely low air velocity, recirculation, and air change rate were evaluated quantitatively using tracer gas. Therefore the ventilation performance evaluation using tracer gas can be opted as a precise method to improve the working area in mines.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Most of the local limestone mines are developed as large-opening underground mines, while mine ventilation is heavily dependent on the natural ventilation and auxiliary systems, rather than the mechanical ventilation system using main fans. The current auxiliary ventilation system with fan and ducting requires optimization since enhanced deployment of diesel equipment demands higher airflow rate and the associated cost is expected to be too excessive for the local mine operators. This paper aims at optimizing the fan capacity for the working site ventilation through comparing the fan pressure in the mine airway and the ventilation efficiency of an axial-flow fan and a propeller fan developed in this study.