• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1997

A study on the effect of the biodegradability of the composting bulking agent in the swine manurecomposting was carried out in a batch system. The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of the biodegradability of the composting-bulking agent on the efficiency of the composting. In this study, it is the lignins: Klason-Lignin in the volatile solid that the index of the biodegradability of the composting-material mixes which are pig manure-rice straw pig manure-sawdusts pig manuremixture of rice and ricestraw (2:1) pig manure-mixture of rice and sawdust (1:1). It was carried out in the same condition (moisture contents, air supply rate, C/N ratio, initial input weight, porosity-structure) except the biodegradability of the raw material mixes. One of the results from this study is that the biodegradability of the bulking agent in the sense of the VS lignin content is not an insignificant factor in composting reaction. The less contents of the lignin in VS, the more efficiencies of the cornposting reaction in use of these parameters for the degree of the reaction: temperature, the trends of the ash contents, the change pattern of the C/N ratio. Under some assumptions, it is able to induce rough model on the relation of the VS lignin contents with the efficiency of the degradability. In this model, the biodegradability of the bulking agent is not an insignificant factor however, it is flexible within some degrees of range.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, Two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed in Spring. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape in spring. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less in IVDMD and DDMW than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMW among the varieties of forage rape in Spring, in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1994

The chemical compositions of pine bark from mechanical pulp industry were determined, and effect of Ca base acid sulfite on bark cooking was investigated under various conditions. The pine bark was composed of 39.5 % alkali extractives, 50.3 % lignin, and a small amount of carbohydrate. The contents of alkali extractives and lignin were remarkably higher than those of pine wood. The bark was composed of high content of arabinose and xylose, while the wood was composed of high content of mannose. When pine bark was cooked with 75 % free acid at 145 $^{\circ}C$, the rate of cooking and delignification was improved with the increase of total acid, but it was very difficult to delignify the bark by 50 % and over under these conditions. In the presence of 60~65 % free acid and at 155~165 $^{\circ}C$, initial cooking rate, delignification, and delignification selectivity were considerably increased, but condensation reaction of lignin was considerable at the end of cooking. Therefore, it was shown that pine bark was very difficult to delignify by the Ca-base acid sulfite cooking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.210-211
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• 2017

According to KS F 2560, water-reducing agents used when mixing concrete are to undergo quality evaluation testing slump, air contents, setting time, etc., when delivered from the admixture factory to the ready mixed concrete site. Yet in actual acceptance testing this could be substituted by the score report of the admixture company, in which a possibility of low reliability lies. Therefore this study sought to analyze whether by artificially changing the solid content rate of lignin- and naphthalene-based water-reducing agents and using a liquid densimeter evaluate the quality of the admixture. The results showed that the Type B liquid densimeter was most appropriate and 50cc the most appropriate capacity for the mass cylinder. Also, judging from the changes in density and pH according to the changes in solid content rate, it concludes that a rapid appraisal of the quality of lignin- and naphthalene-based water-reducing agents would be possible using a Type B liquid densimeter.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to analyze lodging-related traits using different cultivars from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in direct seeded rice on dry paddy field. Stem diameter and culm wall thickness were highest in 'Caloro' followed by 'Nongan', 'M202', and 'Calrose'. All the U.S. cultivars were higher than the others in stem diameter and culm wall thickness. These two traits were important with regard to lodging. The highest breaking strength (1442g) was observed in Caloro. 'Gancheoek', 'Dongjin', and transplanted 'Hatsuboshi' showed more than 1000g in breaking strength. Lodging index was lowest in Hatsuboshi followed by Nongan and Gancheok. Even though breaking strength of the U.S. cultivars was higher than others, their lodging index values were high. There were no statistically significant differences in starch content. However, Calrose, Caloro, Dongjin, and Koshihikari were relatively higher than others in starch content. Positive correlations were found between culm base weight, lignin and breaking strength. High contents of lignin and cellulose were observed in Nongan, transplanted Hatsuboshi, Calrose, and Caloro. Traits such as stem diameter, culm wall thickness, bending moment, culm length, breaking strength, cellulose, lignin, and culm base weight were closely related to a lodging index. According to path coefficient analysis, most important traits were culm length, stem diameter, thickness of clum wall, and top plant weight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.156-157
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• 2017

It is possible in the case of the chemical admixtures for concrete currently being used in actual work sites to omit quality evaluation and replace it with the scores of the admixture manufactures; this can create a problem of decline in reliability in quality on the work site. Therefore this study sought to analyze the degree of influence changes in the solid content rate of lignin- and naphthalene-based water-reducing agents have on the fundamental characteristics of cement mortar. The results showed that in fresh mortar, the flow and amount of air decreases with decrease in the solid content ratio. In hardened mortar, the condensation strength had hardly any effect on the use of lignin-based water-reducing agent, but naphthalene-based water-reducing agent increased with the decrease in the solid content ratio.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 1994

In this study, total dietary fiber contents, acid detergent fiber contents lignin, water binding capacity (WBC), iron binding capacity of ADF and rutin contents from Korean buckwheats were determined. Total dietary fiber (TDF) content was 3.14% in kyungbuk rice buckwheat, 5.65% in kangwon hull buckwheat and 3.35% in kangwon rice buckwheat. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was 2.47, 4.46 and 2.94%, respectively and lignin content was 1.14, 1.60 and 1.08% respectively. The water binding capacity of these three sample dietary fiber showed that TDF were in the range of 2.87~3.88 g %H_2O$/g DF and ADF were in the range of 4.62~5.26 g %H_2O$/g DF. The iron binding capacity of ADF at pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 were 79.11, 78.01, 46.16% in kyungbuk rice buckwheat, 70.63, 63.83, 53.60% in kangwon hull buckwheat and 77.67, 76.33, 50.25% in kangwon rice buckwheat. The rutin contents of these samples and their hulls were 13.54~16.41 mg/100 g groats and 12.13~14.24 mg/100 g in hulls. The rutin content of kyungbuk rice buckwheat was the highest.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 1983

The structural components of cell wall in various parts of Korean ginseng were analysed. Pectin was abundant in the cortex and epidermis of root, and leaf. Hemicellulose in root was more than in other parts of ginseng. Cellulose content of stem and seed coat was much higher compared to other parts and lignin content was highest in seed coat.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

In this study, we separated the lignin from the wood by using the high boiling point solvent for developing more environmental friendly pulping method. High boiling point solvents as Ethers, glycols and ketones were used to remove the lignin in the pine wood meals. The Yield and lignin content of residual wood meals was reduced according to the input of the catalyst. Me-C, E-Ca, TEG and MIBK had the best delignification rate of 9 kinds of high-boiling point solvents. At the hydrolysis ratio of the selected solvents, The TEG was highest remain ratio of carbohydrates and the E-Ca was lowest remain ratio of lignin. And the Me-C was most excellent lignin hydrolysis ratio at the low catalyst. The selectivity of delignification of Me-C, E-Ca, TEG and MIBK solvents were 49.6, 49.9, 53.8 and 53.1%, respectively, and its values were similar to those of the commercial Kraft Pulp.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to study the influence on the abscission of tobacco green leaves, yields and quality by the application of lime and boras. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The breakdown of tobacco green leaves occurred from 40 to 80 days after transplanting. According to the progress of growing stage, the breakdown leaves advanced to upper leaves in stalk position. 2. The number of breakdown leaves were increased by application of lime and application of borax have a remarkable effect for the control of breakdown leaves. 3. Application of lime were decreased to total-sugar, lignin and borone but borax were increased to borone and lignin content in leaf tobacco at 50 days after transplanting time. 4. It was found that perfective prevention of breakdown leaves could not deped on annual application of borax. 5. The optimum amount of lime and borax were found that lime was 120kg/10a and borax was 1.2kg/10a for the prevention of breakdown leaves, yields and quality.