• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2022

In the construction industry, thin-walled frame elements with very slender open cross-sections and low torsional stiffness are often subjected to a complex loading condition where axial, bending, shear and torsional stresses are present simultaneously. Hence, these often fail in instability even before the yield capacity is reached. One of the most common instability conditions associated with thin-walled structures is Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB). In this study, a first order Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) formulation and numerical analysis of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams (C80×40×10×1, C90×40×10×1, C100×40×10×1, C80×40×10×1.6, C90×40×10×1.6 and C100×40×10×1.6) subjected to uniform moment is carried out to predict pure Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB). These results are compared with the Finite Element Analysis of the beams modelled with shell elements using ABAQUS and analytical results based on Euler's buckling formula. The mode wise deformed shape and modal participation factors are obtained for comparison of the responses along with the effect of varying the length of the beam from 2.5 m to 10 m. The deformed shapes of the beam for different modes and GBTUL plots are analyzed for comparative conclusions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2013

경골목조건축에서 못 접합부는 수평하중을 지지하고 전달하도록 설계되지만, 바람으로 인한 상향력처럼 인발하중에 직면하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 경골목조건축에서 일반적으로 사용되는 구조재와 덮개로 구성된 못 접합부에 대하여 인발성능과 2면 전단시험을 통해 인발 및 측방하중에 대한 내력성능을 시험하고 설계기준에 부합되는 가를 평가하였다. 인발하중에 대한 내력성능은 부재의 비중에 의해 크게 좌우되었으며 I형장선의 경우 낮은 밀도에도 불구하고 높은 인발성능을 나타내었다. 최대 인발하중은 기준허용 최대 인발하중보다 매우 높게 나타났다. 전단성능도 비중이 큰 낙엽송과 오에스비로 구성된 접합부가 비중이 작은 SPF와 오에스비로 구성된 접합부보다 높은 성능을 나타내었으며 모두 기준설계치보다 높은 성능을 나타내었다. 접합부의 변형은 주로 못의 휨 변형에 의한 것으로 나타났으며 SPF와 오에스비로 구성된 접합부에서의 못의 휨 변형이 현저하게 나타났다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

This study is intended to derive the adaptive reuse techniques through the history and aspects of new construction, extension, repair, and other works, limited to the deep and narrow lots facing Seongan-gil and Nammun-gil in Nammun-ro 2 ga of Cheongju, the historic urban area. The results are as follows. 1) In the case of newly built reinforced concrete buildings, the central part of the top floor of the residence or all floors are opened to the open space(void) to facilitate lighting and ventilation. This is developed as a convection phenomenon due to the temperature difference from the slits between buildings, which affects the entire air flow of the block. 2) The buildings of extension and repair are composed of two-story masonry or steel frame, both the front store facing the road and the house on the back, but it looks like one because it is in contact with each other. If only a small gap between the front and rear buildings is restored to an external space or a space equipped with sun light, a small breath can be provided in lighting and ventilation. 3) The existing two-story wooden stores and houses have lost their external space due to repairs. With minimal intervention to restore the small courtyard, slits, and space under the eaves, it will not only improve lighting and ventilation, but also create a unique appearance as a segment of the elongated store.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.125-145
• /
• 2011

Pushover analysis has gained significant popularity as an analytical tool for realistic determination of the inelastic behaviour of RC structures. Though significant work has been done to evaluate the demands realistically, the evaluation of capacity and realistic failure modes has taken a back seat. In order to throw light on the inelastic behaviour and capacity evaluation for the RC framed structures, a 3D Reinforced concrete frame structure was tested under monotonically increasing lateral pushover loads, in a parabolic pattern, till failure. The structure consisted of three storeys and had 2 bays along the two orthogonal directions. The structure was gradually pushed in small increments of load and the corresponding displacements were monitored continuously, leading to a pushover curve for the structure as a result of the test along with other relevant information such as strains on reinforcement bars at critical locations, failure modes etc. The major failure modes were observed as flexural failure of beams and columns, torsional failure of transverse beams and joint shear failure. The analysis of the structure was by considering all these failure modes. In order to have a comparison, the analysis was performed as three different cases. In one case, only the flexural hinges were modelled for critical locations in beams and columns; in second the torsional hinges for transverse beams were included in the analysis and in the third case, joint shear hinges were also included in the analysis. It is shown that modelling and capturing all the failure modes is practically possible and such an analysis can provide the realistic insight into the behaviour of the structure.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.67-79
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the biotope value in a metropolitan area after constructing the biotope evaluation model to develop biotope networking in the light of ecological landscape planning. In addition this study is to provide a basic frame of constructing the biotope networking system in the future with the evaluation results. The scope of this research is limited to high density residential area including some part of the forest adjacent to urban boundary. The results of the classified biotope in the research area have been turned out to be 24 patterns. According to the result of estimated nature value having the forth grade, three were forests combined with urban natural parks, schools near forests, and grasslands. There is a little place having first grade. We an deduce this fact that we have surveyed biotopes, having the minimum nature value and wider than children's park. As for the result of evaluated the structure, there were the forests of Seong-Dong, Meaho-Dong, and Kumho river, which is the forth grade. As for the evaluation of connection-function, the followings area were evaluated as the third grade-linear biotopes having highly valued and sustainable similarity - Seoul-Pusan Railroad, Dong-Daegu St., Kumho river, river basins. Bum대 park and a botanic park near Suesung lake, As for the evaluated the buffer-function, higly valued production biotopes, existing at a transition belt between he residential density areas, are Sawol-Dong, Meaho-Dong and Kumho river. When each of the indexes was evaluated, the core of the biotop contained most of natural biotopes. Large artificial biotopes were evaluated as an important biotopes, while small artificial biotopes were classified as a dot biotope. The future research on the concrete biotope networking construction, based upon performed evaluation in this research, should be conducted.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.677-689
• /
• 2020

A building structural system of moment resisting frame (MRF) with concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns and wide flange H beams, is one of the most conveniently constructed structural systems. However, there were few studies on evaluating seismic performance of full-scale CFST columns under high axial compression. In addition, some existing famous design codes propose various limits of width-to-thickness ratio (B/t) for steel tubes of the ductile CFST composite members. This study was intended to investigate the seismic behavior of CFST columns under high axial load compression. Four full-scale square CFST column specimens with a B/t of 42 were carried out that were subjected to horizontal cyclic-reversal loads combined with constantly light, medium and high axial loads and with a linearly varied axial load, respectively. Test results revealed that shear strength and deformation capacity of the columns significantly decreased when the axial compression exceeded 0.35 times the nominal compression strength of a CFST column, P₀. It was obvious that the higher the axial compression, the lower both the shear strength and deformation capacities were, and the earlier and faster the shear strength degradation occurred. It was found as well that higher axial compressions resulted in larger initial lateral stiffness and faster degradation of post-yield lateral stiffness. Meanwhile, the lower axial compressions led to better energy dissipation capacities with larger cumulative energy. Moreover, the study implied that under axial compressions greater than 0.35P₀, the CFST column specimens with B/t limits recommended by AISC 360 (2016), ACI 318 (2014), AIJ (2008) and EC4 (2004) codes do not provide ultimate interstory drift ratio of more than 3% radian, and only the limit in ACI 318 (2014) code satisfies this requirement when axial compression does not exceed 0.35P₀.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 2002

전단벽은 현대식 경골목조건축에서 바람이나 지진 등에 의한 측방하중에 대한 저항력을 제공하는 가장 중요한 요소 중의 하나이다. 전단벽에서 건물에 전달된 측방하중은 벽의 스터드와 덮개재료 사이의 못접합부를 통하여 덮개재료로 전달되고 덮개재료에 전달된 하중은 판재의 면전단력에 의하여 지지된다. 따라서 실제 전단벽에서 측방하중에 대한 저항력을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소는 못접합부라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 스터드와 판재 사이의 못접합부에 대한 강성 및 강도를 측정하였으며 이 값들은 전단벽의 찌그러짐 저항력을 예측하는 이론모형의 입력자료로 사용되었다. 이론모형의 예측치의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 판재 한 장으로 구성된 전단벽의 전단시험을 수행하였다. 못접합부의 강성은 스터드 부재의 섬유방향에 의하여 영향을 받았으나 판재의 방향은 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 전단하중 하에서 못접합부나 전단벽의 거동은 3개의 직선구간으로 나나낼 수 있었으며 이론모형 I보다 이론모형 II의 예측치가 더 정확하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.80-98
• /
• 2006

This study originated from following questions. What can we understand the conception of deconstruction, which has been the core idea of new discourses developed in various ways since modernism? How can this question be interpreted in landscape design? What is the conceptional frame of integration the prominent hybrid post-genre movements and phenomena? The frame can be epitomized with the deconstruction phenomenon. 'Deconstruction' is the core conception appeared in late or post-modern ages in the embodiment of modernity and can be viewed as an integrating or a hybrid phenomenon between areas or genres in formative arts. Therefore, the author regards the hybrid movements widely witnessed in the post contemporary formative arts as one of the most important indicators of de-constructive signs. It is safe to say that the phenomenon of this integration or hybridism, of course, does not threaten the identity of landscape design but serves as an opportunity to extend the areas of landscape design. One of the consequences of this integration or hybridism is the voluntary participation of users who have been alienated in the production of the meanings of design works and hybrid landscape design with the hybridization of genres that is characterized with transformation in forms. This view is based on the distinction between hybridization of interactions between the designer (the subject) and the user (the object), and hybridization of synesthesia. Generally speaking, this is an act of destroying boundaries of the daily life and arts. At the same time, it corresponds to vanishing of modern aesthetics and emerging of post-contemporary aesthetics which is a new aesthetic category like sublimeness. This types of landscape design tries to restore humans' sensibility and perceptions restrained by rationality and recognition in previous approach and to express non-materialistic characteristics with precaution against excessive materialism in the modern era. In light of these backgrounds, the study aims to suggest the hybrid concept and to explorer a new landscape design approach with this concept, in order to change the design structure from 'completed' or 'closed' toward 'opened' and to understand the characteristics of interactions between users and designs. This new approach is expected to create an open-space integrating complexity and dynamics of users. At the same time, it emphasizes senses of user' body with synesthesia and non-determination. The focus is placed on user participation and sublimity rather than on aesthetic beauty, which kind of experience is called simulacre. By attaching importance to user participation, the work got free from the material characteristics, and acceptance from the old practice of simple perception and contemplation. The boundaries between the subject and object and the beautiful and ordinary, from the perspective of this approach, are vanished. Now everything ordinary can become an artistic work. Western dichotomy and discrimination is not effective any more. And there is 'de-construction' where there is perfect equality between ordinary daily life and beautiful arts. Thus today's landscape design pays attention to the user and uses newly perceived sensitivity by pursing obscure and unfamiliar things rather than aesthetic beauty. Space is accordingly defined to take place accidentally as happening and event, not as volume of shape. It's the true way to express spatiality of landscape design. That's an attempt to reject conventional concepts about forms and space, which served as the basis for landscape design, and to search for new things.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.519-530
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 스터드패널과 경량철골골조로 구성된 모듈러건물 유닛의 강성, 하중재하능력, 연성능력, 에너지소산능력 등 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 주기실험을 수행하였다. 모듈러건물 유닛의 횡력저항요소로서 스트랩브레이스 및 시트강판으로 보강된 스터드패널을 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 스트랩브레이스 및 시트강판 보강 스터드패널을 사용한 모듈러건물유닛은 우수한 연성거동을 보였다. 최대변위비는 5.37% 이상을 보였고, 변위연성도는 5.76 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 주기거동 동안 핀칭이 크게 발생하여 주기당 에너지소산량은 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 모듈러건물유닛의 소성메커니즘을 바탕으로 내진설계를 위한 강도, 항복변위, 탄성강성 등 설계식을 제안하였고 실험 결과와 비교를 통하여 제안된 설계식을 검증하였다. 제안된 방법은 모듈러건물유닛의 하중재하능력, 강성 등 내진성능을 합리적으로 예측하였다. 그러나 스트랩브레이스 보강 스터드패널의 탄성강성은 크게 과대평가되었으므로, 안전한 내진설계를 위해서는 구조해석 시 탄성강성을 50%로 줄이는 것이 필요하다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.404-406
• /
• 2009

본 연구노트는 우리나라의 원천기술로서 개발된 녹조제거용 특수선박을 소개하고자 하였다. 녹조제거용 특수선박은 +자형으로서 크게 선박 본체와 탈부착 가능한 보조체로 구성되어 있다. 선박의 특징은 초경량 및 저홀수이다. 주요 세부장치는 흡입장치, 집수장치, 여과장치 및 수집장치의 4가지로 구성되어 있다. 이 중에서 여과장치는 스크린 필터(망목크기 30${\mu}m$)를 사용하였고 압축에어 분사작용에 의해 물과 녹조를 순수 분리 및 제거할 수 있다. 농축된 녹조입자의 함수율은 85%이었다. 최종적으로 녹조와 분리된 물은 하천과 저수지의 공공수역으로 배출된다. Chlorophyll-$\alpha$ 농도로 비교한 제거효율은 약 57% (유입수 83.2 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 배출수 35.8 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$)이었고, 향후 녹조제거장치의 효율성 제고와 기술적 향상을 위해 다양한 조건(조류 생물량, 유량 등)에서 효과분석을 수행할 필요가 있다. 다발성 녹조발생 우심지역을 효과적으로 관리하고, 저수지 하류수역으로 확산을 방지하는 녹조현상의 사전예방체제 구축에 기여하고자 하였다.