• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 1999

Elongation of the styloid process (styloid syndrome, Eagle's Syndrome) is named after Eagle who insisted the styloid process as a cause of pain but distinguishable from the glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Eagle's syndrome is characterized by a dull nagging pharyngeal pain, a palpable hardness in the tonsillar fossa, radiopaque elongation and enlargement of the syloid process. This is to report two cases of Eagle's Syndrome. The clinical and radiological features, development and pathogenesis of the Eagle's Syndrome and pathologic findings of the calcified styloid ligaments were described with review of literatures. The external cervical approach to resect the enlarged calcified processes can be an option due to better visualization and accessbility, less infection at risk than intra-oral approach. The findings and results were as follows ; 1. The calcified styloid ligaments accompanied with throat pain were reseded in size of $5.5{\times}48mm(#1,\;Rt)$, $3.6{\times}5mm(#1,\;Lt)$, $5.2{\times}51mm(#2,\;Rt)$ and $3.1{\times}38mm(#2,\;Lt)$. 2. The submandibular approach to resect the calcified styloid process is of help to get better visibility and accessiblilty avoiding the injury to the deep cervial vital structures. 3. The resected styloid processes were examined histopathologically as the matured cortical bones with marrow structures or cartilagenous cells without any findings of neoplasmic changes. 4. The remained process did not show any noticeable regrowth in 3 years after surgical amputation.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.533-539
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• 2009

In this study, the femur, the tibia, the articular cartilage and the menisci are three dimensionally reconstructed using MR images of healthy knee joint in full extension of 26-year-old male. Three dimensional finite element model of the knee joint is fabricated on the reconstructed model. Also, the FE models of ligaments and tendons are attached on the biologically suitable position of the FE model. Bones, articular cartilages and menisci are considered as homogeneous, isotropic and linear elastic materials, and ligaments and tendons are modeled as truss element and nonlinear elastic springs. The numerical results show the contact pressure and the von Mises stress distribution in the soft tissues such as articular cartilages and menisci which can be regarded as important parameters to estimate the failure of the tissues and the pain of the patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 2007

Purpose: Pitanguy conducted a series of anatomical studies on "dermocartilaginous ligament" of the nose. However, information on its structure is as yet insufficient, especially in terms of its origin, insertion, and relationships with surrounding tissues. In addition, some of the histologic findings described by Pitanguy are controversial. The present study was undertaken to clarify the anatomy of the "dermocartilaginous ligament". Methods: Sixteen cadaver noses were examined macroscopically and histologically to determine the presence, origin, insertion, composition, and relationship of the "dermocartilaginous ligament" with surrounding structures. Results: The structure originated from the deep layer of the transverse nasalis muscle and terminated at the caudal edge of the septal cartilage in all 16 cadavers. However, in three cadavers the insertion extended to the orbicularis oris muscle. No direct connection was found between the structure and dermis of dorsal nasal skin. The dermocartilaginous ligaments were mainly composed of a condensation of thin collagen bundles, which were interwoven and without any regular orientation. Elastic fibers were also present in small numbers, and there were few amorphous ground substances. Neither muscle fibers nor chondrocytes was identified within dermocartilaginous ligaments. Conclusion: Our macroscopic and histologic findings of the structure do not support the use of the term "dermocartilaginous ligament". According to its origin, insertion, and histologic findings, we recommend that this structure be referred to as the "median musculocartilaginous fascia".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.1031-1046
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• 2023

The fingers are among the most commonly injured structures in traumatic injuries resulting from sports and work. Finger injuries encompass a broad spectrum of injuries to bone and soft tissues, including tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. The high resolution of 3T MRI with dedicated surface coils allows for optimal assessment of the intricate soft tissue structures of the fingers. There have been several reports on detailed MRI features of the basic anatomy and common pathological findings of the finger and hand. Understanding the normal anatomy and familiarization with common traumatic lesions of the ligaments, tendons, and pulleys of the fingers on high-resolution MRI will allow radiologists to perform accurate preoperative evaluations of traumatic hand lesions. The purpose of this study is to review the normal hand anatomy and common traumatic lesions of the finger on high-resolution MRI and correlate them with surgical findings.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.248-252
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• 2004

Wandering spleen is a rare condition characterized by migration of the spleen from its normal position due to laxity or absence of the supporting splenic ligaments. Ultrasonography shows the absence of the spleen in left upper quadrant (LUQ) and the presentation in the lower abdomen of a homognous mass whose sonographic appearance is consistent with that of a spleen. Contrast-enhanced CT reveals the absence of the spleen in LUQ, a soft tissue mass resembling spleen in the lower abdomen, and the splenic pedicle of whirled appearance. We present a case of wandering spleen, which could be diagnosed with US and CT by the ectopic location of spleen and the whirling pattern of splenic pedicle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.11 s.254
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• pp.1408-1416
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• 2006

A mathematical knee model was constructed using MADYMO. The purpose of this study is to present a more realistic model of the human knee to reproduce human knee motion. Knee ligaments were modeled as line elements and the surrounding muscles were considered as passive restraint elements. A calf-free-drop test was performed to validate the suggested model. A calf was dropped from the rest at about 65 degree flexed posture in the prone position. The motion data were recorded using four video cameras and then three dimensional data were acquired by Kwon3D motion analysis software. The results showed that general shapes of angular quantities were similar in both the experiment and computer simulation. Functional stability of the anterior cruciate ligament was explicitly revealed through this model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2009

Arytenoid motion has long been recognized as complex. Misunderstandings about the specifics of arytenoid motion remain prevalent. The resultant misunderstandings have led to erroneous or suboptimal clinical approaches to the treatment of vocal fold immobility. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages, the cricoarytenoid joint, and related ligaments, muscles, and other structures is essential in order to fully understand laryngeal motion disorders. Arytenoid motion occurs in three directions. Movements involving a change anteriorly and posteriorly, as well as vertically, are due to the revolving or pitchlike motion of the arytenoid along the minor axis of the cricoid's elliptically shaped facet. The medial and lateral movements are due to the orientation of the arytenoid which in turn is determined by the forward, lateral, and inferior inclination of the cricoid-arytenoid facet. During adduction it is the outward angulation of the vocal process from the body of the arytenoid that allows the entire length of the vocal proceses to approximate one another and to have this meeting occur at the proper vertical height.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

In this paper. we analyse and present electro-mechanical dynamic characteristics of a micro-machined vibrating silicon ring gyroscope which can measure angular velocities about three orthogonal axes. The ring gyroscope has a ring connected to the gyroscope main body by support-ligaments which are arranged with cyclic symmetry. The natural modes of its vibration can be distinguished into the in-plane motion and the out-of-plane motion which are coupled by the gyro-effect due to the rotation of the gyroscope main body. The motions of the ring are electro-statically derived. sensed and balanced by electrodes. The equations of motion are formulated. The measuring method of angular velocities by force-to-rebalance is presented. The dynamic characteristics of a ring gyroscope are calculated and compared.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.157-163
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• 2004

Scoliosis is a complex musculoskeletal dieses requiring 3-D treatment with surgical instrumentation. To investigate the effects of correction surgery, a finite element model of personalized model of the scoliotic spine that will allow the design of clinical test providing optimal estimation of the post-operation results was developed. Three dimensional skeletal parts, such as vertebrae, clavicle and scapular were modeled as rigid bodies with keeping their morphologies. Kinematical joints and spring elements were adapted to represent the inter-vertebral disc and ligaments respectively. With this model, two types of surgery procedure, distraction procedure with Harrington device and rod derotation procedure with pedicle screw and rod system had been carried out. The obtained simulation results were comparatively corresponding to the post operational outcomes and successfully demonstrated qualitative analysis of surgical effectiveness. From this analysis, it has been found that the preparing of appropriate rod curvature and its insertion was more important than just performing the excessive derotation for scoliosis correction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 1995

Orthopaedic medicine was developed and published by James Cyriax, a British Orthopaedic Physician on 1929. Orthopaedic medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue lesions. These disorders affect a substantial proportion of all patients in general and in particular, physiotherapy and sports clinics. In broad terms these disorders em trace conditions. such as arthritis. rheumatism. fibrositis. backache. lumbago, sciatica, frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, strained wrist, sprains, aches, inflanmation and sports injuries generally. The soft Moving tissues share one thing in common - they are all radiotranslucent and the tissues in question are the joint capsule, the ligaments, the fasciae, dural sheath. These structures can cause pain but none of them is visible on the radiograph. Dr. Cyriax divided all soft tissues into two basic types : 1) Contractile tissue, 2) Inert or noncontractile tissue. The mechanism of diagnosis is tension applied manually. The physician subjects each tissue about the incriminated joint to tension in turn which they call 'Selective tension' with Cyriax's assessment, a more definitive diagnosis can be obtained and proper treatment can be implemented.