• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.5C
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• pp.534-539
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new frame prediction filtering technique and a hardware(H/W) architecture for scalable video coding. We try to evaluate MCTF(motion compensated temporal filtering) and hierarchical B-picture which are a technique for eliminate correlation between video frames. Since the techniques correspond to non-causal system in time, these have fundamental defects which are long latency time and large size of frame buffer. We propose a new architecture to be efficiently implemented by reconfiguring non-causal system to causal system. We use the property of a repetitive arithmetic and propose a new frame prediction filtering cell(FPFC). By expanding FPFC we reconfigure the whole arithmetic architecture. After the operational sequence of arithmetic is analyzed in detail and the causality is imposed to implement in hardware, the unit cell is optimized. A new FPFC kernel was organized as simple as possible by repeatedly arranging the unit cells and a FPFC processor is realized for scalable video coding.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2003

The watermarking is the technique that embeds or extracts the certain data without the change of the original data for the copyright protection of the multimedia contents. Watermark-embedded contents must not be distinguished by human's eye and must be robust to the various image processing and the intentional distortions. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking technique applied in the wavelet domain which has both the spatial and frequency information of a image. For both the robustness and the invisibility, the positions for embedding the watermark is selected with the multi-threshold. We search the similarity between highly correlated coefficients in the each subband and decide the mark space after verifying the significance in the specified subband. The similarity is represented by the coefficient difference between the subbands and its distribution is used in the watermark embedding and extracting. The embedded watermark can be extracted without the original image using the relationship of the subbands. By these properties the proposed watermarking algorithm has the invisibility and the robustness to the attacks such as JPEG compression and the general image processing.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to compare the immediate effect of hamstring stretching techniques of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) hold-relax and PNF irradiation on the hamstring muscle. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Fifty-one subjects with shortened hamstrings were randomly assigned to the static stretching group (n=17), PNF hold-relax group (n=17), and the PNF irradiation group (n=17). All subjects performed an active knee extension (AKE) test to assess for the lower extremity with a shortened hamstring. The static stretching group performed stretches by lifting their leg to the maximum extent (3 times, 30 seconds). The PNF hold-relax group performed maximal isometric contraction against the experimenter's resistance (3 times, 10 seconds). The PNF irradiation group performed maximum isometric contraction against the experimenter's resistance toward the direction of the body (5 times, 5 seconds). The pre and post-tests measured range of motion (ROM), pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and muscle tone. Results: There were significant differences in ROM and PPT between pre and post intervention in each group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference only in the ROM among groups (p<0.05). Post-hoc analysis showed that the changes in ROM occurred in the order of the PNF hold-relax group, static stretching group and PNF irradiation group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the PNF irradiation technique may improve ROM and may be used to improve ROM similar to other stretching techniques. Therefore, the PNF irradiation technique could be included in stretching programs and can be used as a suitable stretching method depending on the situation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.773-778
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• 2009

Purpose: The authors propose the new classification of fatty - type gynecomastia(lipomastia) which can serve as a guide for modifying the periareolar technique. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 1000 cases of lipomastia operated on in the last 17 months. The extent of the clinical result, the technique employed, and the complications were observed. On the basis of this review the authors observed that at grade I(fat component < 50 ml, fibroglandular component < 3 g each breast), flattening of the thorax can be achieved by means of stab incision, ultrasound - assisted lipectomy(UAL), scavenging suction - assisted lipectomy(SAL) and tissue shaving. At grade II(50 < < 150 ml, 3 < < 5 g), stab incision, UAL, SAL and pull - out method(POM) using small curved scissors. At grade III(150 < < 300 ml, 5 < < 15 g and prominent inframammary fold(IMF)), minimal incision (5 - 6 mm), UAL, SAL and POM using small angulated scissors, and blunting IMF. At grade IV (300 < < 500 ml, 15 < < 30 g, and glandular ptosis), minimal incision (5 - 6 mm), UAL, SAL, fibroglandular excision using small angulated scissors, cutting IMF and fixation of nipple - areola complex(NAC) becomes necessary. At grade V (> 500 ml, > 30 g and ptosis), small incision (7 - 8 mm), UAL, SAL, fibroglandular excision using large angulated scissors, cutting IMF, upper repositioning of NAC and delayed circumareolar skin reduction or chest lifting becomes necessary. Results: The complications were minimal but there were hematoma (n = 7), infection (n = 3) and hypertrophic scar (n =13). Almost patients were satisfied with the outcome. Conclusion: This simple classification may help in choosing the most suitable treatment, thus avoiding insufficient or invasive treatments and undesirable scars.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2018

Thread lifting has become popular as a minimally invasive technique for facial rejuvenation. Commercially available threads are composed of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), or polydioxanone (PDO). However, the histological changes that occur in response to implanted threads are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate histological changes that occur in response to implantation with three types of bioresorbable threads (PLLA, PCL, PDO) in rat skin. PLLA, PCL and PDO threads were implanted in the dorsal skin of Sprague Dawley rats and tissue samples were harvested 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. To evaluate histologic changes induced by bioresorbable face-lifting threads, tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, Masson's trichrome stain and Herovici's collagen stain. All three threads induced neocollagenesis of type 3 collagen in the rat skin. The amount of collagen induced by the threads was dependent on the thread surface area. The PDO cavern-type thread was most effective in inducing neocollagenesis due to its extensive surface area. Our results suggest that type 3 collagen induced by bioresorbable threads depends on the thread surface area to uphold the dermis and contributes to facial rejuvenation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to predict the failure or success of the Snatch-lifting trial as a consequence of the stand-up phase simulated in Kane's equation of motion that was effective for the dynamic analysis of multi-segment. This experiment was a case study in which one male athlete (age: 23yrs, height: 154.4cm, weight: 64.5kg) from K University was selected The system of a simulation included a multi-segment system that had one degree of freedom and one generalized coordinate for the shank segment angle. The reference frame was fixed by the Nonlinear Trans formation (NLT) method in order to set up a fixed Cartesian coordinate system in space. A weightlifter lifted a 90kg-barbell that was 75% of subject's maximum lifting capability (120kg). For this study, six cameras (Qualisys Proreflex MCU240s) and two force-plates (Kistler 9286AAs) were used for collecting data. The motion tracks of 11 land markers were attached on the major joints of the body and barbell. The sampling rates of cameras and force-plates were set up 100Hz and 1000Hz, respectively. Data were processed via the Qualisys Track manager (QTM) software. Landmark positions and force-plate amplitudes were simultaneously integrated by Qualisys system The coordinate data were filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth low pass filtering with an estimated optimum cut-off frequency of 9Hz calculated with Andrew & Yu's formula. The input data of the model were derived from experimental data processed in Matlab6.5 and the solution of a model made in Kane's method was solved in Matematica5.0. The conclusions were as follows; 1. The torque motor of the shank with 246Nm from this experiment could lift a maximum barbell weight (158.98kg) which was about 246 times as much as subject's body weight (64.5kg). 2. The torque motor with 166.5 Nm, simulated by angular displacement of the shank matched to the experimental result, could lift a maximum barbell weight (90kg) which was about 1.4 times as much as subject's body weight (64.5kg). 3. Comparing subject's maximum barbell weight (120kg) with a modeling maximum barbell weight (155.51kg) and with an experimental maximum barbell weight (90kg), the differences between these were about +35.7kg and -30kg. These results strongly suggest that if the maximum barbell weight is decided, coaches will be able to provide further knowledge and information to weightlifters for the performance improvement and then prevent injuries from training of weightlifters. It hopes to apply Kane's method to other sports skill as well as weightlifting to simulate its motion in the future study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2023

To construct a ship, blocks of various sizes must be moved and erected . In this process, lugs are used such that they match the block fastening method and various functions suitable for the characteristics of each shipyard facility. The sizes and shapes of the lugs vary depending on the weight and shape of the block structures. The structure is reinforced by welding the doubling pads to compensate for insufficient rigidity around the holes where the shackle is fastened. As for the method of designing lugs according to lifting loading conditions, a simple calculation based on the beam theory and structural analysis using numerical modeling are performed. In the case of the analytical method, a standardized evaluation method must be established because results may differ depending on the type of element and modeling method. The application of this ambiguous methodology may cause serious safety problems during the process of moving and turning-over blocks. In this study , the effects of various parameters are compared and analyzed through numerical structural analysis to determine the modeling conditions and evaluation method that can evaluate the actual structural response of the lug. The modeling technique that represents the plate part and weld bead around the lug hole provides the most realistic behavior results. The modeling results with the same conditions as those of the actual lug where only the weld bead is connected to the main body of the lug, showed a lower ulimated strength compared with the results obtained by applying the MPC load. The two-dimensional shell element is applied to reduce the modeling and analysis time, and a safety working load was verified to be predicted by reducing the thickness of the doubling pad by 85%. The results of the effects of various parameters reviewed in the study are expected to be used as good reference data for the lug design and safe working load prediction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

Objectives : Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture is a Korean medical treatment technique for face lifting. The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture on facial skin furrows. Methods : 11 patients who made first visits to Hyo-Jun Korean Medical Clinic from October 1, 2009 to October 25, 2009 were each given one-time treatment of Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture treatment. A portable fluorescent dermal diagnostic equipment, ECOSKIN, was used to measure extraocular skin furrows and perioral skin furrows width and depth before and after treatment. Results : Mean width and depth of both the extraocular and perioral skin furrows decreased after one-time Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture treatment. Extraocular skin furrow width, depth, and perioral skin furrow width showed statistically significant decreases(p=0.003, 0.017, 0.041 respectively). Conclusions : Mean depth and width of both the extraocular and perioral skin furrows decreased after receiving Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture treatment. Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture may be an effective treatment for improving wrinkles in clinic.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

Purpose: The performance of implant surgery in the posterior maxilla often poses a challenge due to insufficient available bone. Sinus floor elevation was developed to increase the needed vertical height to overcome this problem. However, grafting materials used for the sinus lift technique eventually show resorption. The present study radiographically compared and evaluated the changes in height of the grafting materials after carrying out maxillary sinus elevation with a window opening procedure. This study also evaluated the difference between two xenogenic bone materials when being used for the sinus lifting procedure. Methods: Twenty-one patients were recruited for this study and underwent a sinus lift procedure. All sites were treated with either bovine bone (Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bovine bone (OCS-$B^{(R)}$)/PRP. A total of 69 implants were placed equally 6-8 months after the sinus lift. All sites were clinically and radiographically evaluated right after the implant surgery, 7-12 months, 13-24 months, and 25-48 months after their prosthetic loading. Results: Changes of implant length/bone length with time showed a statistically significant decreasing tendency (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ group (P>0.05). In contrast, the OCS-$B^{(R)}$ group showed a significant decrease with time (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that there was significant reduction in comparison with data right after placement, after 7 to 12 months, 13 to 24 months, and over 25 months; however, reduction rates between each period have shown to be without significance. No significant difference in height change was observed between the Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and the OCS-$B^{(R)}$ groups.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.235-244
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• 2004

The effective management of major construction resources is the key to the success in high-rise residential building construction projects. It is even more important and challenging as well especially in CBD(central business district) area under tight project duration since little leeway in interface between construction trades, severe constraints in staging n and heavy demands for lifting among construction resources. In order to meet high demands among major construction resources, highly effective construction resource management information system is required This research develops and provides a system which selects and disseminates these information from each phase of procurement transportation, lift-up and storage for major construction resources This research applies the Kanban system, well recognized material information system technique in automobile manufacturing industry, in concrete work processes. It develops concrete procurement information system utilizing VSM(Value Stream Mapping) and also applies the model in actual super-high rise residential building construction project in order to analyze the benefit of the research model.