• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2015

Objectives In this research, the difference of constipation according to the constitution was identified for healthy adult female, and oriental medical methods for prevention and treatment of constipation was sought by comparing constitution and lift style. Methods Total 604 adult female subjects who were older than 20 years were invited for the research from Apr. 2010 to Oct. 2010, and their constitutions and life style were diagnosed. The collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 19.0. Results In the results, Taeumin group was diagnosed to have the highest number of constipation (p<.017), and they answered with the highest frequency in terms of "eat a lot" and "eat irregularly" (p<.009) than other constitution groups. It was also found that 44.5% of Taeumin eats food very fast (p<.034), and Taeumin drinks lots of water (p<.003). However, Soumin showed the highest frequency of "indigestion" (p<.000) and "fatigue" (p<.003) than other constitution groups. Conclusions In conclusion, life style as well as the innate characteristic of constitution is important for the prevention of constipation. Therefore, it is suggested to understand the inherent differences of constitution and to care health by correctly identifying their own constitution.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of three factors - children's age, sex and parental feeding styles - on children's self-help skills. The subjects were 213 children and their parents who lived in Kwanak-ku, Seoul. The three-way analysis of variance was employed. The main results were as follows: 1. Children's autonomy was varied significantly according to their sex. Girls do better by themselves than boys do in toileting, washing and drying hands, putting on and buttoning up a coat, putting on clothes, washing and drying their faces. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to age. A majority of the autonomy subsets increased as the children's ages increased. However, drying their hands with a towel, removing their coats, and drinking water did not vary by age. 2. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to their parents' feeding style. A responsive feeding style encouraged children to drink water by themselves. 3. The group with the highest score in self-help skills in toileting was 6-year-old girls, and the group with the lowest score was 3-year-old boys. Additionally, the groups with the highest scores in toileting were 4-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritative feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style, 3-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style. Conversely, the groups with the lowest scores in toileting were 3-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, and 3-year-old and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style. 4. The group with the highest score in removing their coats was girls whose parnets demonstrated authoritative, responsive or neglective feeding styles. The group with the lowest score in removing their coats was boys whose parents demonstrated authoritative or neglective feeding styles.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of food behavior and life-style behavior on the health-status of male industrial workers in the Masan region. The average age of the 173 male subjects was 42.9 years and 59% of the subjects were labor workers, 25% office workers, and 70% of them earned 1 - 1.5 million won monthly. The subjects were categorized into one of three groups : normal group, health-concerned group, and disease-suspected group classified by the criteria of the data (blood pressure, blood glucose, blood hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglyceride) obtained from a health examination. Forty seven belonged to the normal group, 71 to the health-concerned group, and 55 to the disease-suspected group. The health-concerned group, and disease-suspected group had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol than the normal group, and the disease-suspected group showed a significantly higher serum triglyceride level than the normal and health-concerned groups. The disease-suspected group consumed carbohydrate foods, such as cereals more frequently and protein foods such as beans and eggs less frequently than the normal group and health-concerned group. However, there was no difference in nutrient intakes among the three groups. The disease-suspected group and health-concerned group smoked more cigarettes and drank more frequently than the normal group, and the disease-suspected group exercised less as compared to the normal group. The kinds of diseases diagnosed in the disease-suspected group were hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver disease, and neurological disease. The results of this study indicate that nutrition education and monitoring should be implemented for industrial workers to prevent chronic diseases and to reduce medical cost for the treatment of disease.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine restaurant patrons' preference differences in interior design style of restaurants according to their lifestyles. Written questionnaires were handed out to 500 adults in Seoul and surroundings and the results were sampled by convenience sampling. The questionnaire was composed of respondents' general characteristics, lifestyles, and preference for 10 types of interior design style. A total of 415 questionnaires were usable for data analysis, resulting in a response rate of $83\%$. To analyze the collected data, frequency, factor, reliability, quick clustering K- means and One-Way ANOVA analysis were conducted using SPSS 10.0. The results showed that there were preference differences in 10 types of interior design style of restaurants according to lifestyle types which were categorized into 4 groups. The conservative and self-convinced group showed the lowest preference scores in the 10 types of interior design style which are Romantic, Ethnic, Classic, High-Tech, Elegant, Country, Modem, Minimal, Natural, and Casual style. The quality life pursuing group and extroverted individuality groups showed the high preference scores in most of the styles, especially in the Classic and Elegant styles. The realistic self-centered group showed the highest preference scores in Casual style among the 4 groups. These study findings indicate that restaurants should take into account their patrons' lifestyles as a mean of market segmentation, and respond to their taste and preference when they have established suitable servicescape.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 1999

The college students selected by random sampling were classified into several groups by their impulse buying pattern and the psychological characteristics that cause them. Their life styles, fashion leadership, self-confidence and self-image in clothing were the subjects of comparative analysis. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. 1. The college women students could be classified into several groups by their impulse buying orientations. 2. The student life styles were different by their shopping orientations. The high shopping involved shopping type and the leisure pursuit shopping type attached great importance to material life and modern life style. The economic shopping type took the intellectual self-image seriously, and the low shopping involved type thought much of the traditional life style. 3. The high shopping involved type and the leisure pursuit shopping type were more impulse buying oriented. They showed the tendencies to the fashion innovativeness and fashion opinion leadership. But the economic shopping involved shopping type and low shopping involved shopping type showed quite different tendencies. The high shopping involved shopping type and low shopping involved shopping type were contrast in their self-confidence in shopping. The former showed the highest self-confidence and the latter showed the lowest self-confidence. 4. The high shopping involved shopping type were more extroversive, dominant, sensitive and pioneering. These psychological characteristics were supposed to contribute to their impulse buying. 5. The high shopping involved shopping type and the leisure pursuit shopping type perceived themselves as more sophisticated, modern, creative and sociable. They thought they had diverse life styles. These two groups were more impulse buying oriented, and their self-images were different from economic shopping type and low shopping involved shopping type.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.153-167
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to examine the mediating effects of mother's marital conflict and satisfaction between father's child-rearing involvement and mother's warmth of parenting style, and the moderating effect of mother's depression and self-esteem. Methods: The analyses involved using cross-sectional weights from the 1,703 samples of the 5th Panel Study on Korean Children to classify them into high and low depression groups, and high and low self-esteem groups. Path analysis and multiple group comparison analysis were conducted, controlled by child sex, mother's age and highest education level, and household financial assets. Results: The results were as follows: First, mother's marital conflict and satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between father's child-rearing involvement and mother's warmth of parenting style. Second, mother's depression and self-esteem levels had a moderating effect the relationship between father's child-rearing involvement and mother's warmth of parenting style. In particular, mother's depression level affected the path between marital conflict and warmth of parenting style, and mother's self-esteem level affected the path between marital satisfaction and warmth of parenting style. Conclusion: Father's child-rearing involvement and mother's psychological level affect mother's marital relations and parenting style. Also, father's parenting involvement and psychological support is needed for a mother to regulate mood disorders, including depression and any self-serving bias.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.184-203
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• 2002

This study considers the fashion as an expressive object of mental value system in order to understand muitivocal value groups. Because the external behavior aspects and internal values of muitivocal value groups are getting more ambiguous in these days. This purposes of this study are as follows; first, this paper examines diversely how these groups affect modern fashion through analysis multivocal value groups after 1990s, and makes clear that various social, cultural, and economical values are important factors for changing symbolic standard connected with fashion. Second, it aims at expanding the positive recognition of the conflicts that exist among various values, and aesthetical recognition that overcome the discrepancy and such conflicts. For this aim, this paper analyzes the social and cultural aspects, aesthetic taste, life style of such groups focusing on Dink, Yiffie, Yettie, Bobos. We examine these groups' characteristics and their effect on modern fashion by categorizing them into Snob Look, Vintage Fashion, Unbalance Fashion, and Caports Look. This paper conducts the previous literature review and the practical analysis on periodical publications and Internet websites concerning fashion. Consequently, this kind of study is useful for providing a theoretical background that would explain the multilateralism in fashion, with uncertain in useful and culture, and changing the obvious confusion to another dimension of order.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-79
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• 2003

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made； 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9％ of students were normal, 32.9％ of students had mild depression, 5.0％ moderate depression, and 0.3％ severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2％ of students were normal, while 19.1％ were classified as having anxiety and 40.7％ borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.256-269
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of variables which were known to be related to blood pressure for discriminating between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Variables were obesity, serum lipids, life style-related variables such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, and stress, and demographic variables such as age, economical status, and education. The data were collected from 400 male clients who visited one university hospital located in Incheon, Republic of Korea, from May 1996 to December 1996 for a regular physical examination. Variables which showed significance for discriminating systolic blood pressure in this study were age, serum lipids, education, HDL, exercise, total cholesterol, body fat percent, alcohol, stress, and smoking(in order of significance). By using the combination of these variables, the possibility of proper prediction for a high-systolic pressure group was 2%, predicting a normal-systolic pressure group was 70.3%, and total Hit Ratio was 70%. Variables which showed significance for discriminating diastolic blood pressure were exercise, triglyceride, alcohol, smoking, economical status, age, and BMI (in order of significance). By using the combination of these variables, the possibility of proper prediction for a high-diastolic pressure group was 71.2%, predicting a normal-diastolic pressure group was 71.3%, and total Hit Ratio was 71.3%. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association of systolic blood pressure with life style-related variables after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables. First, the effect of demographic variable alone on the systolic blood pressure was statistically significant (p=.000) and adjusted $R^2$was 0.09. Adding the variable obesity on demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted $R^2$to 0.11 (p=.000) : therefore, the contribution rate of obesity on the systolic blood pressure was 2.0%. On the next step, adding the variable serum lipids on the obesity and demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted R2 to 0.12(P=.000) : therefore, the contribution rate of serum lipid on the systolic pressure was 1.0%. Finally, adding life style-related variables on all other variables resulted in raising the adjusted $R^2$to 0.18(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of life style-related variables on the systolic blood pressure after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables was 6.0%. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to examine the association of diastolic blood pressure with life style-related variables after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables. First, the effect of demographic variable alone on the diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant (p=.01) and adjusted $R^2$was 0.03. Adding the variable obesity on demographic variables resulted in raising adjusted $R^2$to 0.06 (p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of obesity on the diastolic blood pressure was 3.0%. On the next step, adding the variable serum lipids on the obesity and demographic variables resulted in raising the adjusted $R^2$ to 0.09(p=.000) ; therefore, the contribution rate of serum lipid on the diastolic pressure was 3.0%. Finally, adding life style-related variables on all other variables resulted in raising the adjusted $R^2$ to 0.12 (p=.000) : therefore, the contribution rate of life style-related variables on the systolic blood pressure after adjustment for obesity, serum lipids, and demographic variables was 3.0%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of obese children's life style habits in order to contribute to the prevention and management obesity. The survey group included B,D, and J elementary school children. Out of 731 children, 380 were in the obese group and 351 were in a control group following the 1985 Korea Pediatric Association Height and Weight Standard Chart. Through a self questionnaire, a description of background, exercise including play behavior, diet intake, eating behavior and, environment were obtained. The results included that children's obesity is related to parents' obesity and, girls in both control and obese groups participate less in exercise than boys. Also, aspects of the amount of diet intake and speed of eating was significantly more (p<.001) and faster (p<.05) for the obese group. Furthermore, outdoor playing time for the obese group was significantly more than the control group (p<.05). Looking at the results, it is necessary for both school and home to actively involve themselves in guidance and providing an environment that modifies life style habits to prevent childhood obesity.