• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.69-89
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in maternal perceptions of mothers in regards to the conditions of happiness across the life-cycles of their children. The participants consisted of a total of 961 women who were the mothers of preschool children, school aged children, and adolescents. The mothers completed a questionnaire on the perceptions of the conditions of happiness which consisted of a total of 56 items. The results of this study revealed that mothers in their 20's and 30's, with high levels of education, and on high incomes were more likely to have high expectations regarding most of the conditions of happiness compared to mothers in their 40's and 50's, with lower levels of education, and on low incomes. In addition, the results further revealed that mothers perceived that 'children grow up well and healthy' as being the most important factor in their happiness regardless of the life cycles of their children. In particular, mothers with younger children tended to give greater priority to a close mother-child relationship in their happiness. However, when mothers' demographic variables were controlled, there were no differences in maternal perceptions of the conditions of happiness across the life-cycles of their children. The implications of parent education and the directions of following research were also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.167-168
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between planning components of branded apartments and family life cycles. The web survey was employed in this research, and 110 responses were utilized for data analysis. This research used four family cycles based on the age of the first child - early childhood, elementary school, adolescence, and adulthood. The results of the research showed that the family life cycle of early childhood desired to have space-related features, family with adolescence wanted living-related components, and the family life cycle of adulthood was likely to consume large spaces

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.223-249
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• 1988

The aim of this study is to classify the life styles of urban housewives, to see their correlation with demographic and socioeconomic variables, and finally to provide some useful for their ideal home management. This study has been based on a questionnaire on the demographic characteristics of housewives, and their life styles. The selected samples were 650 and 514 of them were analyzed. The data wee analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test and X2-test. As a result of factor and cluster analyses of 64 items th life styles of urban housewives were classified into 5 types; 'conservative stagnant type', 'sound and thrifty type', 'passive stagnant type', realistic and stable type', modern and evolutional type', The life styles of the respondents showed significant differences by the variables of age , family life cycles, the number of family members, the number of children, family type, education, occupation, income, the type of housing, and religion.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2012

This study aims to identify the propensity to consume and housing characteristics according to life cycle as the main independent variable. It also tries to understand the consumption power and housing style of each cycle and analyze whether there are differences between each life cycle, ultimately aiming to match the propensity to consume and housing style with each cycle. For empirical analysis, on and off-line surveys of 488 people were collected and analyzed by cross analysis, factor analysis and analysis of variance. The prime research findings are as follows: First of all, factor analysis on propensity to consume showed four main sub-factors as rational consumption, conspicuous consumption, trend consumption, and status consumption. Secondly, current and preferred housing styles ranked from modern, natural, casual, classic and romantic, which proved that people are currently housed in preferred housing styles. Thirdly, in case of housing-related characteristics of life cycles, the size of the house increased as the levels progressed, and then decreased at level 6 when the children grew into adulthood. The majority of the population was paying a monthly rent, a few were leasing, and a very few owned their housing. 58% were living in apartments, but in levels 1-2, more were living in row houses and high-rise residential buildings, while in level 6 it was detached houses. Fourthly, the propensity to consume according to life cycle tended to shift from conspicuous and trend-based consumption to rational consumption as the cycles progressed. Fifthly, the preferred housing styles were modern and natural styles, regardless of life cycle. These study results can be applied to product development and marketing activities based on their accurate analysis of customers' needs, which can thus bring further customer satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2023

Technological advances in neonatology led to the improvement of the survival rate in preterm babies with very low birth weights. However, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been one of the major complications of prematurity. IVH is relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as cerebral palsy, language and cognitive impairments, and neurosensory and psychiatric problems, especially when combined with brain parenchymal injuries. Additionally, severe IVH requiring shunt insertion is associated with a higher risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Multidisciplinary and longitudinal rehabilitation should be provided for these children based on the patients' life cycles. During the infantile period, it is essential to detect high-risk infants based on neuromotor examinations and provide early intervention as soon as possible. As babies grow up, close monitoring of language and cognitive development is needed. Moreover, providing continuous rehabilitation with task-specific and intensive repetitive training could improve functional outcomes in children with mild-to-moderate disabilities. After school age, maintaining the level of physical activity and managing complications are also needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

This study was to analyze the Life-Cycle Physical Activity Therapy Programs (PATPs) in Hoseo Region and to suggest the Activation of the program. The subjects were the 81 PATPs performed in 36 of the Community Health Centers in the region. The basic data was collected by Official Documents, the Homepage of the Centers, Telephone Interview, and e-mail with the person in charge of the programs. All the data were classified to the administrative districts (Rural, Urban-Rural Intergration and Urban Region), the Life Cycles (Children, Youth, Adult and Old Adult) and the Health-related Fitness Variables (Strength/Muscle endurance, Flexibility and Aerobics). The ACSM's (American College Sports Medicine) Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription were used to evaluate the PATPs. In the results, the number of the PATPs was too low compared to the population. Also, the PATPs were not considered to the Life-Cycle proportion of the population. The management of the PATPs was principally inadequate. The frequency and duration of the PATPs were deficient in order to improve the Health-related Fitness. In conclusion, the number of the PATPs should be increased proportionally compared to the population, operated and developed on the Specificity of the Life-Cycle Population in the administrative districts. Further, the PATPs should be managed on the scientific knowledge of physical activity therapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.700-710
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• 1999

Promoting women's health lifestyles are important due to their connection to family health. The purpose of this study was to analyse women's health lifestyles(HPL) and their effects on women's life-cycle, so in order to develop a program in a women's health care center. The subjects included were 1080 women over 18 years old living in Wonju city, and were selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. The Cronbach $\alpha$, %, mean, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression in SPSS PC Win. package was used to analyze the data. The sample was sepernted into three groups premarital group 20.2%(premarital women between 18 and 40 years old), delivery and children rearing group 49.9%(marital women between 18 and 40 years old), over middle agedelderly group 29.9%(women over 41 years old). Significant difference were found in the HPL according to group. Also, relating variables, such as self-efficacy, family functions, health locus of control and gender role perception that were considered relating variables to HPL significantly differed among the three groups. HPL significantly correlated with self-efficacy, family functions, HLOC and gender role perception in all participants and at all groups. The regression analysis of HPL was interpreted 40.6% with relating variables, self-efficacy, health attention, family functions, and internal locus of control, health perception, power other locus of control and chance locus of control in all participant. Self-efficacy, family functions, health attention were considered important variables in premarital group, self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, health perception and power of control were important in delivery-rearing group. Self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception were important in middle aged-elderly group. As a result, we found the differences HPL scores and relating variables according to life-cycle groups. Therefore, we should prepare health promoting education programs for women according to women's life cycles. Also we suggest that women's health care centers based on communities was needed for proper management of women's health.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.711-717
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• 2007

Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Normal sleep comprises non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM periods that alternate through the night. Sleep usually begins in NREM and progresses through deeper NREM stages (2, 3, and 4 stages), but newborns enter REM sleep (active sleep) first before NREM (quiet sleep). A period of NREM and REM sleep cycle is approximately 90 minutes, but newborn have a shorter sleep cycle (50 minutes). As children mature, sleep changes as an adult pattern: shorter sleep duration, longer sleep cycles and less daytime sleep. REM sleep is approximately 50% of total sleep in newborn and dramatically decreases over the first 2 years into adulthood (20% to 25%). An initial predominant of slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4) that peaks in early childhood, drops off abruptly after adolescence by 40% from preteen years, and then declines over the life span. The hypothalamus is recognized as a key area of brain involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The basic function of sleep largely remains elusive, but it is clear that sleep plays an important role in the regulation of CNS and body physiologic processes. Understanding of the architecture of sleep and basic mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake cycle are essential to evaluate normal or abnormal development of sleep pattern changes with age. Reduction or disruption of sleep can have a significant impact on daytime functioning and development, including learning, growth, behavior, and emotional regulation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.52-62
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• 2008

This research is a follow-up study of the analysis of satisfaction and preference rates in bathroom design relevant to age variable. This project examines the satisfaction and preference rates relevant to the variety a family type. Mid-sized apartments most favored by the mid-class families were selected as the objects of the research so that they represent the present conditions in Korean bathroom designs most comprehensively. In order to maintain consistency in research objects, this article limited them to the top five brand-name apartments in the metropolitan area based on the brand popularity and construction capability. The method of the research was surveys; we were able to retrieve and analyze 427 copies through internet. The data were processed by SPSS PC+ windows version 15.0 program and were analyzed using the means, crosstabs statistics, One-way ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1) The most significant factor that determines the variety a family type is the existence of senior citizens in the household. 2) The preference of families with young children is mostly determined by elements related to the safety of the children. 3) The satisfaction and preference rates are closely related to family types of each household. We sincerely hope that this article will provide guidelines for customized bathroom designs based on the ages, life cycles, and socioeconomic status of the residents so that the desings will answer to the needs of each household.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 1968

During a period of about one year(November '66 to December '67), the Yonsei University College of Medicine conducted a field trial of the oral contraceptive(Ovulen) in order to study its acceptability and use-effectiveness among IUD drop-outs in Koyang county. We can summarize the outstanding findings from this investigation as follows; 1. 61.4% of the IUD drop-outs interviewed (911 women) wanted to use the pill. Most of the reasons for not wanting to use it(352 women) pertained to either use of other contraceptive methods(98) or subfecundity(150) following IUD terminations. Only 83 out of 911 women gave reasons related to the difficulty of obtaining pills. Therefore, we can state that most IUD drop-outs if still in need of a contraceptive methods are in favor of trying the pill, and especially so if this method is conveniently available. 2. The 467 women or 37% of those who terminated IUD use actually visited the clinic for medical screening, and only 11 of them or 2.4% were rejected because of pregnancy and other medical reasons such as cervical erosion, myoma, breast mass, etc. 5.5% or 25 of the 456 women who received the first cycle did not take a single pill during the study period. 3. When we defined those 431 women who accepted and took one or more tablets we found that women over age 30, with 4 or more children, and/or with a higher educational level were the best prospects for recruitment. 4. In accuracy of use, about two thirds of the users started taking the pill on the 5 th day as directed for the first three cycles, but the percentages rose sharply to about 80% in later cycles. Tardiness in starting pill use in the first cycle may have occurred partly because they had to return to the clinic monthly to get each new cycle. Among acceptors who did not quit between cycles, 80 to 90% were regular users, missing two or less tablets in each cycle. 5) More than 60% of the users felt well and sometimes lost their pre-acceptance symptoms. especially dysmenorrhea. However, 27.4% (58 women) had side effects attributable to the pill compund as nausea, vomiting, indigestion, breast tenderness, decreased lactation or breakthrough bleeding. 25.0% (53 women) also complained of medical diseases or symptoms not related to the pill, especially during the first three cycles. However, as the confidence and experience of the client and the field workers grew, the incidence of unrelated medical complaints quickly fell to a lower level in the later cycles. 6. As of the end of this study, on December 31, 1967, 49.2% (212 women) had discontinued the use of the pill for medical reasons as well as for the non medical reasons. Only one case terminated use due to a pregnancy after taking pills. The cumulative continuation rates (by the life table method), were 58.9%, 51.9%, 41.0% at the end of 3 months, 6 months and one year, respectively. These rates are lower than in the U.S. studies. Even when we add the retaking group to the first segment, the continuation rate goes up only about 5% above the first segment rates mentioned above. Possible explanations are different dosages, the newerness of the method and the use of only one point for pill distribution in the country together with a monthly return for cycle 1, 2, 3, and 4-6.