• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.281-296
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• 2021

The beneficial effects of hypoxic preconditioning are abolished in the diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of repeated episodes of whole body hypoxic preconditioning (WBHP) in db/db mice. The protective effects of preconditioning were explored on diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced increase in myocardial injury. Sixteen-week old db/db (diabetic) and C57BL/6 (non-diabetic) mice were employed. There was a significant impairment in cognitive function (Morris Water Maze test), endothelial function (acetylcholine-induced relaxation in aortic rings) and a significant increase in IR-induced heart injury (Langendorff apparatus) in db/db mice. WBHP stimulus was given by exposing mice to four alternate cycles of low (8%) and normal air O₂ for 10 min each. A single episode of WBHP failed to produce protection; however, two and three episodes of WBHP significantly produced beneficial effects on the heart, brain and blood vessels. There was a significant increase in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nitric oxide (NO) in response to 3 episodes of WBHP. Moreover, pretreatment with the BDNF receptor, TrkB antagonist (ANA-12) and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) attenuated the protective effects imparted by three episodes of WBHP. These pharmacological agents abolished WBHP-induced restoration of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio and Nrf2 levels in IR-subjected hearts. It is concluded that repeated episodes of WHBP attenuate cognitive impairment, vascular dysfunction and enhancement in IR-induced myocardial injury in diabetic mice be due to increase in NO and BDNF levels that may eventually activate GSK-3β and Nrf2 signaling pathway to confer protection.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

This study intends to capture the characteristics of the students and farmers who participated in the March $1^{st}$ Movement, by focusing on their statements in the interrogatories retrieved from the Source Book on the History of the Korean Liberation Movements, published by the National Institute of Korean History. First, this study examines the interrogatories in order to identify the people subject to the investigation. Through this research, this study confirms that the majority of those who were investigated were students in Seoul and farmers in Gyeonggi-do. Then, this study traces why they participated in the March $1^{st}$ Movement. This study compiles their complaints and checked how their "discontent" could be connected to "liberation." While students were mostly interested in "education," and clearly expressed their discontent, the farmers were discontent with their livelihoods and tax under the rule of the Governor-general of Joseon and were not as clear at expressing their discontent. The interrogatories also confirms that some Koreans had no complaints but thought that liberation was needed. It is difficult to classify such people, but some people cried out for liberation without knowing the meaning of the term, only to understand its meaning later in prison. The significance of the March $1^{st}$ movement was at times imparted after the movement ex post facto.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.755-765
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• 2021

The objectives of this study are to subdivide the group of elderly population into the liberation generation as a poor generation that experienced the barley hump, and the baby boom generation to verify differences in the mean of social capital and well-being between those groups of two generations, to verify the effects of social capital on the well-being, and then to review differences between those groups of two generations regarding the effects of subfactors of social capital on the well-being. This study collected and analyzed data from 200 people excluding missing values from the baby boom generation and liberation generation born in 1945-1963, in the D region from July 1st to July 31st, 2018. The main results of this study are as follows. in the results of comparatively reviewing the social capital having effects on the well-being of each group of liberation generation and baby boom generation, when relieving the statistical significance level to 90%, the network was working as a variable having effects on both groups. In this case, when mutually comparing the influence of regression coefficient as �� value, the network had a relatively larger effect on the well-being of the liberation generation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.289-292
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• 1999

The charateristic of hydration reaction was studied in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system glass. As a result, the rate of heat liberation curves of synthestized glass becomes fixed after having increased by degrees. And it is decreasing after having increased suddenly. It was found that the total heat liberation with hydration for synthesized glass has a close relationship with the formation amount of ettringite.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1990

Before benefication of Okchun feldspar, all kinds of Fe-compounds and mafic minerals which were included in feldspar were studied. Also to produce 30/140mesh products as glass materials, optimum grinding condition and degree of liberation were studied. Fe-compounds were Biotite and Limonite, and these were existed along the cleavage. Optimum grinding time was 2min. and at this time weight percent of 30/140mesh products was 72.7% and degree of liberation at this particle size was 91.5%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.191-194
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• 2012

We conducted a case-control study in China to clarify the association between XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC risk. A total of 150 cases and 158 controls were selected from the the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from May 2008 to May 2010. XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pairprimer (PCR-CTPP) method. All analyses were performed using the STATA statistical package. A significantly increased risk was associated with the Arg/Gln genotype (adjusted OR 1.78, 95%CI=1.13-2.79) compared with genotype Arg/Arg. In contrast, the Gln/Gln genotype had non-significant increased risk of HCC with adjusted OR (95%CI) of 1.69 (0.93-2.66). A significant association was found between positive HBsAg and Arg/Gln, with an OR of 3.43 (95% CI=1.45-8.13). Patients carrying Gln/Gln genotypes showed significantly lower median survival than Arg/Arg genotypes (HR=1.38, 95% CI=1.04-1.84). Further Kaplan-Meier analysis showed decreased median survival in Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln genotype carriers in comparison to Arg/Arg carriers (HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.02-1.76). In conclusion, we observed that XRCC1-Arg399Cln polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to HCC, and XRCC1 Gln allele genotype showed significant prognostic associations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

Network Video Recorder becomes popular as a next generation surveillance system connecting all cameras and video server in network environment because it can provide ease of installation and efficient management and maintenance. But in case of data damage, the storage device in traditional NVR has no recovery scheme and it is disabled in processing real-time requests. In this paper, we propose an Reliable Storage using Parity and Mirroring scheme for improving reliability on storage device and maintaining system on realtime. RSPM uses a Liberation coding to recover damaged multimedia data and dynamic mirroring to repair corrupted system data and to maintain real-time operation. RSPM using the Liberation code is 11.29% lesser than traditional file system and 5.21% less than RSPM using parity code in terms of loss rate of damaged multimedia data.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.153-167
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• 2004

Korea had suffered the colony of Japanese imperialism and the Korean War from the invasion of the external circumstances. Such special situation made new influences on the clothing habits. The types of Korean women clothing could escape from the traditional style that had been maintained for thousands of years. The foreign clothes for Korean women had undergone various changes from the Liberation in 1945. The jackets that had been introduced to Korea at the Enlightenment period had become popular outfits for men. The jackets made big influences on the changes such as the social advances for women from the times background of the Liberation. The jackets possess very important meaning for the changes in the diffusion of feminism and fashion. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the forms, silhouettes, changes and structures of the jackets such as the locations of the collar, the sleeve, and the waste line. The process of the changes in the style of women jackets is also analyzed from the silhouette and the structure method. The development and changes will be understood of Korean women's jackets. The Korean women's jackets should also be examined further with the history of foreign clothing from now on. The fashion to be introduced from important society cultural phenomena and the Western Europe has been reflected into the changes in the style of Korean female jackets. Also, dramatic changes in the style of clothing indicate that the society had experienced a great deal of changes. It is verified that foreign clothes have been interacted with the stream of times worldwide. After the Liberation, the female jackets become a uniform style which just followed the Western European style. However, a season trend has been announced from the SFAA since 1990. Since then trendy jackets have been detailed more with this chance.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2017

The intergenerational transfer between parents and children is a major concern due to low birth rates and aging society of Korea. This study investigated the influences of children's support for parent regarding parents' decision to bequest, including the influences of parental characteristics, household-related factors, and characteristics of children. The data are the 5th wave of KReIS, a sample of 1,834 married household heads(HHs), which were classified into 142 baby boomers (1955-1963), 534 post-liberation HHs (1945-1954), and 1,158 Japanese-era HHs (-1945). The results were as follows: First, 49.3% of baby boomer HHs, 59.2% of post-liberation HHs, and 59.1% of Japanese-era HHs, were willing to make bequest decision. Second, in the baby boomer HHs, although the children's contact with their parents represented an emotional resource transfer, a child's economic resource transfer to his/her parents did not affect the parents' bequest decisions. However, in the post- liberation HHs, children's contact with parents, and economic resource transfers were significant variables. In addition, in the Japanese-era HHs, only children's contact with their parents was a significant variable. Third, in the baby boomer HHs, the variables that influenced parents' bequest decisions were household financial assets and having a daughter rather than having son and daughter. However, the variables that heavily influenced bequest decisions of the post-liberation HHs were the presence of a spouse, home ownership, household expenditures, and satisfaction of relationships with children. In the Japanese-era HHs, the variables that significantly affected parents' bequest decisions were home ownership, household expenditures, and household financial assets.

• Acute and Critical Care
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.260-268
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of modified Burns Wean Assessment Program (m-BWAP) scoring at first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) as a predictor of successful liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with endotracheal intubation. Methods: Patients requiring MV for more than 72 hours and undergoing more than one SBT in a medical intensive care unit (ICU) were prospectively enrolled over a 3-year period. The m-BWAP score at first SBT was obtained by a critical care nursing practitioner. Results: A total of 103 subjects were included in this study. Their median age was 69 years (range, 22 to 87 years) and 72 subjects (69.9%) were male. The median duration from admission to first SBT was 5 days (range, 3 to 26 days), and the rate of final successful liberation from MV was 84.5% (n=87). In the total group of patients, the successful liberation from MV group at first SBT (n=65) had significantly higher m-BWAP scores than did the unsuccessful group (median, 60; range, 43 to 80 vs. median, 53; range, 33 to 70; P<0.001). Also, the area under the m-BWAP curve for predicting successful liberation of MV was 0.748 (95% confidence interval, 0.650 to 0.847), while the cutoff value based on Youden's index was 53 (sensitivity, 76%; specificity, 64%). Conclusions: The present data show that the m-BWAP score represents a good predictor of weaning success in patients with an endotracheal tube in place at first SBT.