• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose plans to increase the number of urban parks as a way to help absorb carbon in order to implement the low carbon green city goals of Gangneung. As a study method, park incentive areas and current park areas were set as parameters and the areas of lacking in park space were categorized according to each indicator. The degree of park shortage was classified by overlapping the park shortage areas. Once the areas needing parks were assessed according to priority, target sites were selected on sites where construction would be actually possible. First, results of analysis showed that Songjeong-Dong and Seongdeok-Dong to the east of the target site lacking park space due to old residences and high population density or industrial use areas, were the most severe in the degree of park shortage. It was also shown that areas with high population density and park shortages included the Ponam-Dong, Okcheon-Dong and Hongje-Dong areas. Accordingly, the east side of the target areas and Hongje-Dong were both considered as high-priority areas needing to increase park space and actual possible target sites were selected for the creation of new, small parks in industrial areas by creating parks in school yards, in facility relocation sites and legal reviews. In addition, analysis indicators of park shortages were re-evaluated according to the securing of the park and it was shown that the problems in park shortages were resolved with the proper positioning of parks. In addition, satisfaction in the area of park per person, $3m^2$ was at a higher than a certain level in all areas except Songjeong-Dong, demonstrating that the park areas were evenly distributed. Areas of park shortage were shown in part of Songjeong-Dong and Seongdeok-Dong. This could be resolved by using alternative park resources such as the adjacent Gyeongpo Provincial Park, the beach and Namdaecheon.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-205
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution of the variables on the quality of life and the determinants of the sexual attitude and behavior of the unmarried female workers. This study was surveyed to the 306 unmarried women who worked in the small and medium scale industries in Kyungin area and analyzed the respondent's knowledge of sex, sexual behavior, health behavior, health status, satisfaction of working condition and recognition of working environment. The result of this study could be summarized as follows: The respondent's age are mostly early of twenties and their education level are high school and more. They recognize that their health condition is not so good but they hardly try to improve health condition. They think that their working condition are mostly unsatisfied and they also believe that they expose themselves to the toxic working environment. Although their knowledge of sex are low they have few chances for the education of sex and family planning. Their attitude of premarital sex are conservertive but the rate of approval of living together before marriage are high and the rate of premarital sex is around 15 percent. The premarital sex behavior are positively related with family size, living condition, knowledge of sex and working period but the sex experiences are negatively related with working period and knowledge of sex. As a result we suggest that the sex education and consultative program are necessary for improving the quality of life of the unmarried working women in small and medium scale industries.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2002

Purpose: In this prospective, randomized study, we compared the results of early motion versus conventional immobilization after the arthroscopic Bankart repair. Materilal and Methods : We performed an arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors in 62 patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability and randomized them into two groups; Group 1 (n=28; mean age, 28 years) underwent three-week of immobilization and conventional rehabilitation program, while Group 2 (n=34; mean age, 29 years) underwent an accelerated rehabilitation program with staged range of motion and strengthening exercises starting from the immediate postoperative day. Selected patients were non-athletes with a classic Bankart lesion and a robust labrum. Analysis of outcome included pain scores (6-week and follow-up: 31(9 months), range of motion, return to activity, recurrence, patients’ satisfaction with each program, and shoulder scores (ASES, UCLA, and Rowe). Results : The recurrent rate was not different between the two groups (2 anterior apprehension from each group) (p=0.842). Patients with accelerated rehabilitation resumed functional range-of-motion faster and returned earlier to the functional level of activity (p<0.05). Accelerated rehabilitation decreased postoperative pain and more patients were satisfied with this program (p<0.05). No differences were found between the two groups at the follow-up with regards to the shoulder scores, return to activity, pain score, and the range-of-motion. Conclusions : Early mobilization after arthroscopic Bankart repair does not increase the recurrence rate in selected patients. Although the final outcomes are similar in both groups, the accelerated rehabilitation program promotes functional recovery and reduces postoperative pain, which enables patients an early institution of desired activities.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.327-363
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• 2018

This paper tracks the present state of the Gugak educational programs run by Gugak-specialized museums including Museum of Gugak not only to set a directionality of Museum of Gugak to step forward for their main purposes, but also to find measures to invigorate its Gugak educational programs. There are 826 museums registered in 2016 nationwide, and ten of them are Gugak-specialized museums including Museum of Gugak. An analysis of the educational programs by Museum of Gugak presents high achievements in concentrativeness, participation and satisfaction levels. However, several issues such as difficulty level adjustment, education period arrangement, contents development, setting of a precise aim of education, and overcoming of regional limitations are to be solved in the future. Considering these special circumstances, the study suggests setting a directionality of Gugak education by following four conditions: Firtly, the Gugak education programs by Museum of Gugak should be user-oriented. Secondly, it is necessary to provide customized learning programs to suit users of various ages and generations. Thirdly, a solid education is required to enhance creativity deviating from uniform, unilateral, fragmentary education focused on materials and relics of museums as the users' experiences and learning levels vary. Fourthly, integrated education with relevant study in common use is required as the specialized environments of the museum could cause users psychological resistance and lessen their willingness to approach. Focusing on these four conditions several invigoration measures for the Gugak education programs are discussed: Firstly, a step-by-step approach, not a radical shift, is required in order to turn existing programs into the user-oriented. Secondly, customized learning programs should be planned in consideration of life cycle of the users. Thirdly, it is necessary to establish virtuous circulation reflecting activity-based contents as well as to provide the users experiences through five senses for solid Gugak education, in which various elements such as experiencing, learning, playing, viewing are reflected manifoldly. Fourthly, integrated education can be implemented when the features of Gugak educational programs are internally structured and the external environment matures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

The government is planning to link a small park with the soon to be ready subway line 9 as a part of Seoul's policy, "The standard or plan for making a water-friendly space by water use" (2007). However, the specified concepts and instructions of the small parks need further work. Therefore, the policy is expected to expand to neighboring small parks near the subway station, but these are not supported by research or data which suggests the needs or actual user behavior and utilization of small parks. our country added the specified concept of small parks and theme parks to the classification of urban parks in the Urban Park Act Revision (2005.3.31), but the concept of small parks is not clearly settled in the law in the scopes of its function, scale, promotion nor particularly defined plans for small park projects. This study examines as small park near a subway station. The characteristics of there region and users vary from the characteristics of the station and region. In the "directions for concrete standards under the types of urban parks and green zones" (2007.2) the types of small parks are classified by "regional characteristics" and "user characteristics". Therefore, this study classifies the subject of neighboring small parks near subway stations as the neighborhood and small urban parks according to the Urban Park Act. The study was paralleled with observation and questionnaires on the analysis of the neighborhood and small urban parks. The actual conditions of park utilization and user behavioral characteristics were deducted by observation, while the questionnaire determined actual user utilization, importance and satisfaction level as well as the small park environment. This study largely focused on three aspects: park facility, design of this sentence isn't even complete. The second aspect isn't finished and the third isn't here.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

Objectives : Firefighters frequently experience traumatic events, high-tension situations and shift work. Therefore, the prevalence of insomnia of firefighters is higher than one of general population. Not only does the quality of sleep affect the satisfaction of personal life, but it also influences their performance for the public's safety. We investigated which factors affect the quality of sleep of firefighters. Methods : After personally delivering 120 questionnaires to 3 fire stations, the survey was conducted when the consents were signed. It inquired about alcohol use, smoking, shift work, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and experience of traumatic events. We then divided the firefighting officers in two groups according to the quality of sleep and compared the variables examined to conduct the logistic regression analyses according to the results. Results : The poor sleeper group reported a higher level of current alcohol consumption, depression, anxiety and experience of traumatic events. Logistic regression analyses showed that the current alcohol intake (Crude odds ratio=3.707, 95% confidence interval=1.288-10.672, p=0.015 ; Adjusted odds ratio=3.288, 95% confidence interval=1.011-10.694, p=0.048) has a significant effect on sleep quality. Conclusions : Current alcohol consumption, depression, anxiety and experience of traumatic events were respectively associated with sleep quality of firefighters. When all significant factors considered, the current alcohol use was the only statistically significant. To improve the quality of sleep for firefighters, it will be necessary to evaluate alcohol intake, educate the poor sleep quality caused by alcohol, and provide specific interventions to reduce consumption.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.406-414
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• 2016

This study examined the factors by which people choose auto-camping as their primary leisure activity after conducting a questionnaire survey of the visitors to the Chiaksan national park Guryong auto-campground. The majority of the visitors were employed (60%) in their 30s and 40s (85%) with relatively high education (88% of which had bachelor's degree or higher) and income levels (87% of which had family income greater than KRW30 million). Most visitors were family group visitors (82%), and for many visitors, auto-camping appeared to be their primary leisure activity as 24% of the respondents said that they visited auto-campground more than 10 times a year. Only 18% of the visitors had auto-camped for longer than 5 years, indicating that auto-camping is a relatively new leisure activity that has become popular in recent times. Factor analysis with 19 items that measured the degree of agreement on the relative advantages of auto-camping extracted four latent factors that affected the selection of auto-camping as a leisure activity: factor 1 (refreshment through contact with nature), factor 2 (novelty and a sense of accomplishment), factor 3 (convenience), and factor 4 (entertainment). Results of regression analysis that examined the effects of the four extracted factors on the visitors' level of satisfaction on auto-camping (measured by the number of visits to auto-campgrounds per year) indicated that 'refreshment through contact with nature' was the most critical factor when deciding to select auto-camping as their leisure activity. 'Novelty and a sense of accomplishment' and 'convenience' were also statistically significant -but to a lesser degree, whereas 'entertainment' did not statistically significantly affect the visitors' decision. These results suggest that, for designing and managing auto-campgrounds, it is more important to preserve the surrounding nature than to provide more facilities for campers' convenience and entertainment.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the results of the arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL using autologous hamstring tendon and autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone. Materials and Methods: From January, 2000 to December, 2004, 120 patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon(60 cases) and autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone(BPTB)(60 cases). The mean followed up period of hamstring tendon group was 42 months(range $24{\sim}69$ months) and patellar tendon group was 52 months(range $24{\sim}84$ months). At the time of the final follow up, sixty patients in each group were evaluated the results of physical examination, activity level, patients' satisfaction, functional status, and objective anteriror stability using KT-2000 arthrometer. Results: At the time of the final follow up we compared the two groups who had ACL reconstruction using either autologous hamstring tendon or BPTB, and the final results of the Lachman test showed negative, or mildly positive in 85%(51 cases) of the hamstring tendon group and 90%(54 cases) of the BPTB group. Pivot shift test indicated positive in both groups, 8%(5 cases) and 5%(3 cases) respectively and showed no statistically significant difference. The evaluation of the anterior laxity using the KT-2000 arthrometer revealed no significant difference in the hamstring and BPTB groups: differences less than 3 mm compared to the healthy side were 85%(51 cases) and 90%(54 cases)(p>0.05). The Lysholm score improved from a preoperative score of 51 to a postoperative score of 79.1 in the hamstring groups and from 52 to 82.2 in the BPTB groups. According to the IKDC rating system, 87%(52 cases) were normal or near normal in the hamstring group. In the BPTB group, 83%(50 cases) were normal or near normal. The Tegner score for the hamstring groups was 4.8 preoperatively and 7.1 at the final follow up, and the Tegner score for the BPTB groups was 4.5 preoperatively and 7.3 after the last follow-up. The anterior knee pain was found in 7%(4 cases) in the hamstring tendon group and 10%(6 cases) in the patellar tendon group. Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using both the autologous hamstring tendon and the patellar tendon during their mid term follow up period demonstrated excellent results. However, the final results during their last follow up showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the users' behaviors and to suggest development strategies in Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta) eco-forest(UKPEF), which is located in Kyeongbuk. The data were collected by interviewing 122 visitors to september 3 from august 29, 2007 with a constructed questionnaire. The results of the analysis are as follows. 1. The major visitors of UKPEF are male and the age between 20 to 30, the residents of the Uljin county with relatively high academic background. 2. The motive of visiting UKPEF is mainly by the beauty and taste of Kumgang pine tree and the condition of the forest. The visitors are mainly composed of family, not big group. 3. The visitors of UKPEF have obtained information about the Kumgang fine tree forest mainly from friends, not from the internet or travel agency. 4. The visitors of UKPEF pointed out lack of convenient facilities such as toilets and water-supply facilities. However, visitors are satisfied by the condition of the forest. 5. The visitors of UKPEF set a high value on Kumgang fine tree, So, more active marketing strategy about Uljin Kumgang pine tree has to be established. 6. The visitors of UKPEF are more satisfied by the Uljin Kumgang pine tree forest than expected. The development strategies of UKPEF are suggest as follows. (1) Auto tram system has to be set up and new trail should be constructed to attract more visitors and people of other regions. (2) To attract group tourists, new program should be developed. (3) Advertisement through internet or travel agency has to be developed. (4) Government(local) should make a plan to register the forest as World natural heritage. (5) Monitoring and evaluation system has to be developed to satisfy tourists. In conclusion, the efforts of taking care of and preserving the UKPEF should be made at the national level. I hope that more Koreans can have chance to feel and experience the value and excellence ofthe Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.402-408
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• 2010

In the twenty first century, people experience a lot of stresses by psychological, social and environmental impetus. If the stress is excessive, it can become a problem and finally lead to diseases. Foot bath makes the body warm starting with the feet, controls the blood circulations and autonomic nervous systems. This study aims at examining the effects of stress and fatigue of senior students preparing for college entrance examination by foot bath with the aroma essential oil and the fermentation extracts. The experimental period was from March 30 to April 18, 2009. The study objects were 21 senior students of C Girls' High School in Cheonan. They were divided into 3 groups and treated 20 times. The first group was a foot bath group with Artemisia Herbal fermentation extracts. The second group was a foot bath group with the blending aroma essential oil of grapefruit, cypress and cedarwood. The third group was not treated. In the case of difference of physical and psychological stress, there was a reduction of 18.43 and 16.71 for the fermented extract group and 10.71 and 9.43 for the aroma group, while a reduction of 0.43 and 0.29 for the control group, respectively. This shows that foot baths using fermented extracts and aroma had lower physical stress compared to the control group (p<.01). For the difference of fatigue, there was a reduction of 19.14 for the fermented extract group, 11.57 for the aroma group and 0.07 for the control group, showing that foot baths accompanied by fermented extracts and aroma used in this study having lower fatigue compared to the control group (p<.01). The fermented extract group (M=55.71) had the highest level of satisfaction after foot baths, followed by the aroma group (M=49.14) and the control group (M=33.29). Duncan's post hoc test showed that there was a statistically considerable difference between the tests groups and control groups (p<.01). Through the results of this study, it was found that foot baths using bathing supplements were very effective for reducing stress and fatigue.