• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2009

The leukocyte adhesion to endothelium is pivotal in leukocyte recruitment which takes place during inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious conditions. The interaction between leukocytes and endothelium requires an array of adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells, thereby promoting leukocyte recruitment into sites of inflammation and tissue injury. Intervention with the adhesion molecules provides a platform for development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics. This review will focus on developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1), an endogenous inhibitor of leukocyte adhesion.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2007

The leukocyte recruitment and transmigration across the endothelial barrier into the vessel wall are crucial steps in atherosclerosis. Leukocyte trafficking on the endothelium is elicited by induction of endothelial adhesion molecules, and its transmigration is mediated by degradation of basement membrane proteins through enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The current study investigated whether resveratrol, a polyphenol present in grapes and red wine, was capable of inhibiting leukocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$-activated endothelium. It was found that resveratrol inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-activated endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol hampered THP-1 monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells. This study further examined whether resveratrol interfered with transendothelial migration of leukocytes. The MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity of endothelial cells was enhanced by TNF-${\alpha}$, which was attenuated by an addition of ${\geq}25{\mu}M$ resveratrol. In addition, 25 ${\mu}M$ resveratrol mitigated the MMP-9 activity of THP-1 cells, followed by a marked inhibition of transendothelial migration. These results demonstrated that resveratrol suppressed monocyte adhesion and migration induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ through modulating expression of adhesion molecules and gelatinolytic activity of MMP. These findings suggest that dietary resveratrol may be therapeutic agent for inhibiting leukocyte recruitment into the subendothelium during inflammatory atherosclerosis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2008

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Endothelial dysfunction (Editor note: Aberrant and dysfunction are somewhat redundant. The authors may want to choose one or the other.) contributes to chronic periodontal inflammation. Using cDNA-representational difference analysis, we found that P.gingivalis lipopolysaccharide differentially induces a number of genes in human microvascular endothelial cells. Among these upregulated genes, we focused on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which is crucial for leukocyte recruitment during vascular inflammation. P. gingivalis LPS significantly increased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as well as ICAM-1. Promoter assays revealed that the transcription of these cell adhesion molecules was mainly regulated by nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) in endothelial cells. Furthermore, P. gingivalis LPS significantly increased leukocyte adhesiveness to microvascular endothelial cells and to aortic endothelium. Taken together, our results demonstrate that P. gingivalis LPS activates microvascular endothelial cells through NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent expression of cell adhesion molecules.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2000

The recruitment of leukocytes to a site of inflammation is dependent on a complex interplay of a number of cytokines. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, whereas interleukin-8 (IL-8) has chemotactic activity for neutrophils, lymphocytes, and basophils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of several microbes found in infected root canal systems on the production of inflammatoy cytokines, interleukin 8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were stimulated by group A streptococci (GAS, ATCC 19615), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 10449), Streptococcus sanguis (clinical isolate), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90029) respectively. Each of these bacteria induced dose-dependent induction in IL-8 and MCP-1 determined by ELISA. IL-8 production by each bacteria was decreased in the range of the microbe-to-PBMC ratios of 0.1-1.0. Group A streptococci was the week inducer of MCP-1 production. These results suggest that different oral pathogens induce specific dose-dependent patterns of cytokine release. Such patterns may provide a means of control of the type of immune celles particularly with regard to inflammatory leukocyte recruitment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.891-896
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• 2008

The function of mast cells as effector cells in allergy has been extensively studied. Mast cells activated through high affinity IgE-receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$) release diverse mediators, and lead to smooth muscle constriction, vasodilation, increase of vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment and activation, mucus secretion, and tissue proliferation and remodeling. However, various other immunological and non-immunological signals can lead to the activation of mast cells. In resent years, mast cells have been identified to be involved in a complex range of immune functions. Mast cells can be important as key players in the regulation of innate as well as adapted immune responses, and may influence the development of allergy, autoimmune disorder and peripheral tolerance. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding of effector functions of mast cells in immune responses.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.583-583
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• 2003

Recent study reported whether the cultured human pulp cells increase IL-8 secretion in response to SP stimulation22). In the present study, whether induction of IL-8 or MCP-1 in pulp tissue can be detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with ex vivo pulpal explants exposed to neuropeptides in culture and the IL-8 expression using immunohistochemical analysis with the ex vivo pulpal explants exposed to neuropeptides was evaluated. To investigate further mechanisms that may contribute to leukocyte recruitment in lesions of endodontic origin, the differential expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 by human dental pulp tissues stimulated in vitro by the Substance P was examined.(omitted)

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2009

Objective : In vitro proapoptotic effect of Hangbaek-Tang (HBT) has been documented by one of us. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate in vivo effect of HBT on tumor growth. Methods : In vitro selective cytotoxicity of HBT was examined by enumeration of viable cell numbers using BC3A mouse leukemic cells and normal spleen cells. In vivo effect of HBT (25 and 50 mg/mouse) on tumor growth was assayed using BC3A cells innoculated subcutaneously in the flank. Annexin-V apoptosis assay and PI staining was performed to determine the effective serum factor in HBT-treated mice. Leukocyte recruitment into peritoneum were analyzed by microscopy with a stained cytosmear of peritoneal lavage fluid. Results : HBT exhibited in vitro selective cytotoxicity to leukemic cells and did not show any toxicity on immune organs. In vivo i.p. administration of HBT induced significant reduction in tumor growth but not complete regression. Sera obtained from HBT-treated mice strongly inhibited BC3A cell growth in vitro and were revealed to markedly enhance apoptosis and accompanying cell death, when compared to those from PBS-treated mice. Abundant extravasation of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, into peritoneum was observed in HBT-treated mice. Conclusions : HBT causes leukemic, BC3A cell death in vivo via apoptosis as well as in vitro, for which functional involvement of leukocytes is suggested.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2023

Purpose: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based in vitro systems can be of great value in the development and assessment of vaccines but require the right medium for optimal performance of the different cell types present. Here, we compare three commonly used media for their capacity to support innate and adaptive immune responses evoked in PBMCs by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine. Materials and Methods: Human PBMCs were cultured for different periods of time in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI), Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM), or Iscove's modified DMEM (IMDM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The viability of the cells was monitored and their responses to TLR ligands and WIV were assessed. Results: With increasing days of incubation, the viability of PBMCs cultured in RPMI or IMDM was slightly higher than that of cells cultured in DMEM. Upon exposure of the PBMCs to TLR ligands and WIV, RPMI was superior to the other two media in terms of supporting the expression of genes related to innate immunity, such as the TLR adaptor protein gene MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes MxA (myxovirus resistance protein 1) and ISG56 (interferon-stimulated gene 56), and the leukocyte recruitment chemokine gene MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). RPMI also performed best with regard to the activation of antigen-presenting cells. As for adaptive immunity, when stimulated with WIV, PBMCs cultured in RPMI or IMDM contained higher numbers of IFNγ-producing T cells and secreted more immunoglobulin G than PBMCs cultured in DMEM. Conclusion: Taken together, among the different media assessed, RPMI was identified as the optimal medium for a human PBMC-based in vitro vaccine evaluation system.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2017

Objectives: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) constitute the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens. Early events in inflammation involve the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury or damage where changes in intracellular calcium can cause the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators from neutrophils including superoxide generation, degranulation and release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), productions of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), and adhesion to the vascular endothelium. To address the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, in the present study, we investigated the effects of the flavonoids quercetin and vitexin on the stimulus-induced nitric oxide (NO), $TNF-{\alpha}$, and MPO productions in human neutrophils. Methods: Human peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated, and their viabilities were determined by using the Trypan Blue exclusion test. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) preparations contained more than 98% neutrophils as determined by morphological examination with Giemsa staining. The viabilities of cultured neutrophils with various concentrations of quercetin and vitexin ($1-100{\mu}M$) were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Neutrophils were cultured in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, pre-incubated with or without quercetin and vitexin ($25{\mu}M$) for 45 min, and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) ($10^{-7}M$). NO production was carried out through nitrite determination by using the Griess method. Also, the $TNF-{\alpha}$ and the MPO productions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and MPO assay kits. Results: Neutrophil viability was not affected up to a concentration of $100{\mu}M$ of quercetin or vitexin. Both quercetin and vitexin significantly inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, and MPO productions in human neutrophils (P < 0.001). Conclusion:The present study showed that both quercetin and vitexin had significant anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, treatment with either quercetin or vitexin may be considered as a therapeutic strategy for treating patients with neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2018

결핵은 본질적으로 MTB에 의해 발생하는 감염성 질환이지만 발병의 과정에는 숙주의 면역계와 연관성 있는 하는 유전자가 관여한다. ITGB2 유전자는 인테그린 beta 2 chain인 CD18 단백질을 암호화 하고 있는 유전자로 염색체 21번에 존재하고 있다. 인테그린 beat 2 chain은 백혈구에서 발현하는 인테그린으로 백혈구의 성숙 및 부착에 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하는 단백질이다. ITGB2는 결핵 발병에서 MTB의 탐식과 백혈구의 집합에도 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 알려졌다. 따라서 이번 연구는 한국인의 유전체 데이터를 활용하여 결핵 발생 환자들과 정상 대조군 사이에서 ITGB2의 유전적 다형성의 빈도에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 10개의 SNP에서 유의한 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 가장 유의성 있는 SNP는 rs113421921 였다 (OR=0.69, CI: 0.53~0.90, $P=5.8{\times}10^{-3}$). 또한 rs173098의 경우는 전사 보조인자인 p300이 결합할 가능성이 있는 염기서열이 존재하여 유전적 다형성에 따라 ITGB2 유전자 발현에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 결핵의 발병 기전이 백혈구 집합이나 부착과 같은 숙주의 면역 기능과 관련된 다양한 유전적 요인에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사한다. 이 연구결과는 결핵의 발병에 숙주 면역계의 유전자들이 영향을 줄 수 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 MTB 감염에 대해 각 사람들 별로 감염의 진행과정과 결과에 차이를 가져다 주는 유전적 배경에 대한 이해에 기반을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.