• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of hopelessness and suicidal lethality of suicide attempters. The subjects were 72 persons who attempted suicide and came to the emergency room of Chungbuk National University Hospital from April 1st, 1995 to March 31st, 1996. The hopelessness of suicide attempter was assessed by Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS), and the suicidal lethality was assessed by Risk-Rescue score. The Risk-Rescue Scores exhibited no significant differences in demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, religion, marital status, socioeconomic class, occupation) and psychiatric diagnoses. But the Risk-Rescue scores were significantly higher in high BHS group(BHS score ${\geq}$ 9) than in low BHS group(BHS score <9) and positive correlation was observed between the BHS and the Risk-Rescue score(Rs=0.77 : p<0.05). These results suggest that level of hopelessness be a major risk factor for suicidal lethality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 1987

Effects of Ac pulse at low voltage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. The treatment of yeast suspensions contained 0.2m NaCl with 500mA for 350 sec at $40^{\circ}C$ was shown about 50% of lethality, whereas in the treatment of the same suspensions with 250mA for 250 sec at the temperature ($10^{\circ}C$) corresponding to about 10% of lethality, growth was completely inhibited instead of lethality. The effect of growth inhibition was due to occurrence of auxotrophic strains under experimental conditions. Detection of auxotrophic yeasts was done tentatively with the difference of the number of viable yeast cells between direct counting by methylene blue staining and plate-count on yeast morphology agar.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.288-293
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• 2010

This paper presents to calculate the lethality of missile for the simulation test program and to verify the simulation results. In order to calculate a reliable lethality we need may data and experiments of fuse and warhead, but in reality it is hard to perform a task. Therefore, this paper obtained from the reference paper to analyze the lethality data for the calculation of the lethality. We form the 6 DOF simulation model using the MATLAB/SIMULINK. And formed the autopilot algorithm using the vertical and horizontal acceleration feedback and PNG (Proportional Navigation Guidance) command be used to the guidance algorithm. Finally, we evaluate the results about three cases, front launch, side launch and rear launch to simulate the simulation program, and the target is designed to have a constant speed and direction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Objectives: Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) is the most common suicide method and can be life-threatening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to the lethality of DSP and the characteristics of the adolescent group. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had visited an academic hospital's regional emergency medical center between 2015 and 2018. The data reviewed through their medical records included sociodemographic factors, clinical variables, and psychiatric treatment. Four groups (Q1-Q4) were categorized by descriptive analysis using the risk-rescue rating scale. Results: A total of 491 patients were enrolled in this study. This study showed that high lethality had statistically significant associations with male sex, older age, admitting suicidal intentions, and the use of herbicides for suicide. Logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between high-lethality and female [odds ratio (OR)=0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.30-0.81, p=0.01], non-psychiatric drugs (over-the-counter drug: OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.08-5.74, p=0.03; herbicide: OR=8.65, 95% CI=3.91-19.13, p<0.01), and denial of suicide intent (OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.15-0.55, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed the clinical factors associated with the high lethality of DSP and suggested that efforts were needed to care for and thoroughly examine patients with DSP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2001

The members of the genus Vibrio include harmless aquatic strain as well as strains capable of causing infections in human and fish. Pathogenic mechanisms are only understood for Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 and not for the majority of Vibrio species. Twelve clinical and nonclinical strains were examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments for the importance of extracellular enzymes as a virulence determinant of Vibrio species. In vivo cytotoxicity assay was performed by injecting approximately $10^{8}$ cells/mL into mice (BALB/c). V. harvyi and V. vulnificus showed 100% lethality within 3hr after bacterial injection. V. fluvialis and four strains of V. parahaemolyticus showed 50% lethality within 4hr. V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. furnissii revealed 30% lethality within 9hr. Nonclinical strains, V. campbellii and V. ordalii, did not show any lethality. In vitro protease and hemolytic activities were also good indicators for clinical and nonclinical strains of Vibrio species. The clinical strains showed much higher activities than nonclinical strains. The activity of some clinical strains of re-isolates was evidently increased. Most clinical strains had $\beta$ hemolytic activity. The results demonstrate that the prevalent distribution of extracellular proteases in pathogenic Vibrio sp. implies their importance as a virulence determinant.

• Strategy21
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• s.44
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• pp.79-102
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• 2018

2015년 미 해군에서 발간한 미 수상함대전략(Surface Force Strategy)에 따르면, 미 해군은 반접근-지역거부(Anti-Acess and Anti-Denial, A2/AD) 전략에 대한 대응책으로 '분산된 치명성(Distributed Lethality, DL)'이라는 신 작전개념을 개발 중에 있다. 이 개념은 각 유닛(unit)의 공격력(offensive power)을 향상시키고 지리적으로 분산 시킴으로써(geographical dispersion) 생존성을 향상시키는데 목적을 두고 있다. 하지만 동맹국(한국/일본 등)이 '분산된 치명성(DL)' 개념에 기여할 수 있는 영역이 다양함에도 불구하고, 지금까지 미 해군 내에서는 동맹국과 어떻게 공조해야 할 것인가에 대한 논의가 부족한 것이 사실이다. 따라서, 미 해군은 향후 '분산된 치명성(DL)' 이라는 작전개념에 동맹국이 줄 수 있는 이점을 추가적으로 적용하는 '동맹국을 활용한 분산된 치명성(Distributed Lethality with Allies, DL+A)' 개념을 발전시켜야 할 것이다. '동맹국을 활용한 분산된 치명성(DL+A)' 개념이란 동맹국이 가지고 있는 전력, 시설, 플랫폼 등 가용자산을 최대한 활용하여 기존의 '분산된 치명성(DL)' 개념을 강화시키는 신 작전개념이다. 미 해군은 본 논문에서 제시하는 신 작전개념(DL+A)을 적용함으로써 다양한 영역(정찰, 군수, 지리적 요충지, 플랫폼)에서 동맹국으로부터 지원을 받을 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 동맹국은 미 해군의 신 작전개념을 적용함으로써 A2/AD 전략에 대비한 안보능력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2023

This study tested the effect on the toxicity of formaldehyde to select a shelter site due to formaldehyde leakage. As a result of the experiment, the range of ERPG-2 and 3 is between 2.2km and 9.6km, ASET is 6 minutes at 1km, 15 minutes at 3km, 22 minutes at 5km, and the lethality rate is 99.9% at 1km and 9% at 3km. In areas where refuge time is less than 15 minutes or the lethality rate is more than 2%, a shelter is installed. This is because if there are only a few evacuees, the evacuation time may take longer than the pre-movement time of 15 minutes or less specified in PD 7974-6:2004, and the lethality rate with the lowest number of deaths was calculated to be 2%. The shelter must be equipped with a hepa-filter, positive pressure equipment, air purifier, air respirator, goggles, chemical protective clothing type 4 and sufficient parking space must be secured to ensure the safety of evacuees.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 1996

This study was done to investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin on the lethality induced by galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide coadministration in mice. Glycyrrhizin was injecte d intravenously as a multiple dose at 20, 15, 10, 5, and O hr before galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide coadministration. Lethality and tumor necrosis factor (TNF${\alpha}$) level in serum were surveyed as markers of glycyrrhizin effect. Glycyrrhizin had no effect on the lethality induced by galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide when glycyrrhizin was administered as a single dose. Glycyrrhizin reduced the lethality induced by galactosamine and LPS in dose-dependent manner when glycyrrhizin was administered as a multiple dose at 20, 15, 10, 5 and O hr before galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide coadministration. Glycyrrhizin reduced the serum TNF${\alpha$ level.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

The probability of lethality of personnel targets inside a room is a key issue at assessing effectiveness of a weapon system. In this study, the minimum charge weight to achieve 100% lethality of personnel targets inside a box-type room is proposed at each side length of a base of a room. A fast running blast wave model is used to simulate the pressure-time histories of the blast generated by an internal explosion inside a room, and Axelsson SP method is used to evaluate the lethality of personnel targets under the blast. 176 different internal explosion scenarios are simulated for cases of TNT weights ranging from 20kg to 170kg inside a room whose square base has a side length ranging from 5m to 15m. A linear model and a charge-density model were developed to predict the minimum charge weight to achieve 100% lethality inside a room given a length of a base of a room.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1969

The lethal actions in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lemna polyrhiza brought about by certain inorganic form of Mn, Ba, Hg, Cu salts, and organic form of Na salts, were studied with aseptic artificial media. These metal ions at certain concentrations caused lethality of either Arabidopsis or Lemna when the media were without Ca ion. On the contrary, addition of Ca to the media protected the organisms from such lethality. It was postulated for the present from the proceeding evidence that Ca adsorbed and distributed along the sites between the plasma and cell membrane acts for suppressing permeation of toxic level of metal ions causing the lethality of these plants.