• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

Partial enteral nutrition (PEN) supplemented with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to neonatal piglets receiving parenteral nutrition increases lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity, but not LPH mRNA. The goal of the current study was to investigate the mechanism by which IGF-I up-regulates LPH activity. We hypothesized that IGF-I regulates LPH synthesis post-transcriptionally. Methods: Newborn piglets (n=15) received 100% parenteral nutrition (TPN), 80% parenteral nutrition + 20% PEN (PEN), or PEN + IGF-I (1.0mg/kg/d). On day 7, two stable isotopes of leucine, [$^2 H_3$]-leucine and [$^{13}C_1$]-L-leucine were intravenously administered to measure mucosal protein and brush LPH (BB LPH) synthesis. Results: Weight gain, nutrient intake and jejunal weight and length were similar among the treatment groups. PEN increased mucosal weight, villus width and cross-sectional area, LPH activity, mRNA expression and the abundance of proLPHh compared to 100% TPN (p<0.05). IGF-I further increased mucosal weight, LPH activity and LPH activity per unit BB LPH ~2-fold over PEN alone (p<0.05), but did not affect LPH mRNA or the abundance of proLPHh or mature LPH. Isotopic enrichment of [$^2 H_3$]-leucine and [$^{13}C_1$]-L-leucine in plasma, mucosal protein and LPH precursors, and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of mucosal protein and LPH were similar among the treatment groups. Total mucosal protein synthesis was increased 60% (p<0.05) and LPH synthesis tended (p=0.14) to be greater in the IGF-I treated animals compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: The primary mechanism by which IGF-I up-regulates LPH may be post-translational, either via reducing LPH turnover, or by specifically altering LPH activity.

• Plant Resources
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1999

Nitrate in edible vegetables is converted to nitrite by nitrate reductase(NR) and/or bacteria in intestines. Nitrite and amino, in the intestine of some animals and human, bind to form nitrosamine, which is toxic and known as carcinogen. This study was carried out to examine the effect of added chlorides and their concentrations on growth, yield and nitrate content in leaf lettuce plants in hydroponics. Seeds of lettuce cv, "Samsunjokchukmyon" were planted on April 29, and seedlings were planted on June 2, and were cultured until July 5 in 1998. KCI and CaCl₂ were used as chloride source and their concentrations were 1, 2 and 4 me/L, respectively, in the lettuce standard nutrient solution for National Horticultural Research Institute(NHRI). Completely randomized design with 3 replications was used. Nitrate content and NR activity were measured 2 and 5 weeks after planting(WAP). The obtained results were summarized as the follows : Leaf weight per plant was difference from harvest dates and treatments, but total leaf weight was not significantly different among treatments. Number of leaves was higher in KCI 2 me/L, CaCl₂1 me/L and control at 2 WAP than the others, and was higher in KCI 1 me/L, and control at 3 WAP than others, and was higher in control at 5 WAP. Total number of harvested leaves was the highest in control with 14, which followed by KCI 2 me/L and CaCl₂1 me/L. Nitrate content was decreased by addition of chloride in nutrient solution. Nitrate content in the 3rd and 9th leaves was significantly decreased. NR activity was higher in control and CaCl₂ addition treatments, while KCI addition treatments reduced NR activity. However, no direct relationship with nitrate was observed. Growth characteristics such leaf length and leaf width were not significantly influenced by chloride addition.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2000

소화기계 암의 효과적인 치료중의 하나로 방사선 치료법을 들 수 있으나 이 방법은 장 점막과 같이 빠르게 증식하는 조직에는 특히 부작용을 초래할 수 있다. 생쥐의 공장 융모가 감마선 전신 조사에 의해 형태학적으로 변화하는 정도를 관찰하였다. 생후 4주된 ICR계 생쥐를 6.5Gy와 12Gy를 전신 조사 3일 후에 공장을 채취하여 탈수 과정을 거쳐 파라핀을 입힌 조직을 절편기로 잘라 슬라이드에 부착시키고 일반적인 hematoxylin & Eosin 염색과정을 거쳐 염색후 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 6.5Gy와 12Gy를 조사 받은 생쥐의 융모는 대체로 정상생쥐와 비교 할 때 융모의 길이가 짧아졌으며 융모의 두께가 비후되었고 내강은 넓어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 융모가 소화과정에 중요한 역할을 담당하며 방사선에 비교적 민감함을 나타내므로 방사선에 의한 생체영향 평가 뿐만아니라 방사선 방어제를 검색하는데 하나의 실험 파라메타가 충분히 될 수 있음을 인지하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1998

Ultrasonogram for kidney, spleens liver, intestine and heart was evaluated 11 Chriu horses and 14 Thoroughbred horse. The kidney was determined at both flan and both 17th intercostal spaces. The spleen was determined at the left 13-17 intercom spacer and the liver was determined at the right 7-13 intercostal space. The heart was determined at the right 4-6 intercostal space and left 3-6 intercostal space. The length, of rig kidney at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 16.2, 12.6, 13.1 and 11.2 mm, respectively. The width of right kidney at the Thoroughbed horse, Thorughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 5.4, 4.3, 4.6 and 4.2 mm, respectively. The depth of right kidney at the Thoroughbred horsed Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Chrju foul were 5.2, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.3 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the left kidney, The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred fouls Cheju horst and Cheju foul were 107, 83, 85 and 73 mm, respectively. The left ventricular end-systolic diameter were at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheiu horse and Cheiu foul were 63, 52, 53 and 45 mm, respectively. Also, the interventricular septum in end-diastole, interventricular septum in end-systoles left ventricular wall end-diastoles left ventricular wall end-systoles right ventricular end-diastole diameter, aorta and left atrium at t Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Chriu horse and Chriu foul were measured. Experimental renal stone and enterolith of colon were observed by ultrasonography.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1995

1993년 4월에서 6월 사이에 강원도 속초시, 경남 양산군 기장읍 대변 및 충무시 어시장에서 구입한 멸치의 anisakid 유충 감염상을 알아보고자 하였다. 각 지역에서 구입한 멸치들을 실험실로 운반한 후 체장을 계측하고 각 개체별로 기관을 분리하여 입체현미경하에서 유충을 분리 수집하였다. 수집한 유충들은 lactophenol로 투명화 한 다음 계측 및 동정하였으며 각 지역별, 멸치 개체별, 멸치 기관별 유충감염량을 산정하였다. 충체의 형태적인 분류 결과 Anisakis type I과 II, Contracaecum B와 C형의 4종이 기생하고 있음을 확인하였다. 멸치 2,180마리 중 양성이 150 마리로서 6.9%의 감염율을 나타내었으며 멸치의 크기에 따른 감염율의 차이는 없었다. 멸치의 각 장기별 nisihid 유충의 감염율은 근육에서 56.1%로 가장 높았고. 망 38.0%, 장 4.1%, 위 1.7% 및 고환 0.6%의 순으로 나타났다. 해안 지역별 anisakid 유충의 감염율은 대변 5.1%. 속초 8.0% 및 충무 9.2%의 양성율이었다. 이 성적에 의하면 멸치 생식을 함으로서 anisakid 유충 인체 감염이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 Sprague-Dawley Rat을 통하여 아보카도 껍질추출물의 방사선방호효과를 조사하는 것이다. 52 마리의 수컷 Rat을 무작위로 4개의 그룹으로 분류하였다. NC Group은 일반대조군, PA Group은 아보카도껍질추출물 투여군, IR Group은 방사선조사군 마지막으로 PA+IR Group은 아보카도 껍질추출물 투여 후 방사선조사군으로 설정하였다. 아보카도 껍질추출물은 방사선 조사전 14 일동안 1 일 1 회 200 mg/kg으로 경구투여를 하였으며, 방사선량은 7 Gy의 6 MV X-선을 전신조사하였다. 방사선 조사 후 4일, 21일에 실험동물을 희생하여 혈구성분, 비장 지수의 변화 및 간과 소장의 조직병리학적 평가를 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 혈구성분은 PA+IR Group이 IR Group보다 림프구(p<0.01), 적혈구(p<0.01), 혈소판(p<0.05)가 유의하게 회복하는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) 활성화도 더 증가하는 것으로 확인하였다. 조직병리학적으로 간에서는 PA+IR Group에서 핵의 응집, 세포질의 팽창 등이 소폭 감소된 것이 관찰되었으며, 소장움세포의 피해에 따른 융모길이 변화에서도 유의하게 피해가 감소(p<0.01)하는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 토대로 아보카도 껍질추출물은 방사선 조사에 따른 혈구 및 주요 장기의 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 방사선방호제 역할을 기대할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2009

TIAF1 is a TGF-${\beta}$1-induced anti-apoptotic factor that plays a critical role in blocking TNF (tumor necrosis factor) cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblasts and participates in TGF-${\beta}$-mediated growth regulation. In this study, we obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of the porcine TIAF1 gene. Real-time PCR further revealed that the TIAF1 gene was expressed at the highest level in liver and kidney with prominent expressions detected in uterus, and lower levels detected in heart, spleen, lung, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle and fat of Large White pigs. Sequence analysis indicated that a 6 base-pair deletion mutation existed in the exon of the TIAF1 gene between Meishan and Large White pigs. This mutation induced deletion of Gln and Val amino acids. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism in 394 pigs of a "Large White${\times}$Meishan" $F_{2}$ resource population and four purebred pig populations. The frequencies of the A allele (with a 6 bp deletion) were dominant in Chinese Meishan and Bamei pigs, and the frequencies of the B allele (no 6 bp deletion) were dominant in Large White and Landrace pigs. Association analyses revealed that the deletion mutation had highly significant associations (p<0.01) with meat marbling score of the thorax-waist longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (MM1) and intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), and significant associations (p<0.05) with carcass length (CL). The results presented here supply evidence that the 6 bp deletion mutation in the TIAF1 gene affects porcine meat quality and provides useful information for further porcine breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.865-871
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• 2017

Objective: The aim was to evaluate carcass characteristics, cut yield, and meat quality in lambs that were fed different inclusion levels of palm kernel cake. Methods: Forty-five woolless castrated male Santa $In{\hat{e}}s$ crossbred sheep with an initial average body weight of $23.16{\pm}0.35kg$ were used. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five treatments, with palm kernel cake in the proportions of 0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, 22.5%, and 30.0% with nine replications per treatment. After slaughter, the gastrointestinal tract was weighed when it was full, after which it was then emptied. The heart, liver, kidney, pancreas perirenal fat were also collected and weighed. The carcass was split into two identical longitudinal halves and weighed to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Results: The empty body weight, carcass weight and yield, and fat thickness decreased linearly (p<0.05) as a function of palm kernel inclusion in the diet. There was no difference (p>0.05) for the rib eye area of animals that were fed palm kernel cake. There was a reduction in the commercial cut weight (p<0.05), except for the neck weight. The weights of the heart, liver, kidney fat, small, and large intestine, and gastrointestinal tract decreased. Nevertheless, the gastrointestinal content was greater for animals that were fed increasing levels of cake. For the other organs and viscera, differences were not verified (p>0.05). The sarcomere length decreased linearly (p<0.05), although an effect of the inclusion of palm kernel cake was not observed in other meat quality variables. It is worth noting that the red staining intensity, indicated as A, had a tendency to decrease (p = 0.050). Conclusion: The inclusion of palm kernel cake up to 30% in the diet does not lead to changes in meat quality characteristics, except for sarcomere length. Nevertheless, carcass quantitative characteristics decrease with the use of palm kernel cake.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.628-635
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• 2022

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the large intestine disease that results in chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon. Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) is known for its pharmacological activities. Persicaria tinctoria (PT) is also used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the attenuating effects of Rg3-RGE with PT on oxazolone (OXA)-induced UC in mice. Methods: A total of six groups of mice including control group, OXA (as model group, 1.5%) group, sulfasalazine (75 mg/kg) group, Rg3-RGE (20 mg/kg) group, PT (300 mg/kg) group, and Rg3-RGE (10 mg/kg) with PT (150 mg/kg) group. Data on the colon length, body weight, disease activity index (DAI), histological changes, nitric oxide (NO) assay, Real-time PCR of inflammatory factors, ELISA of inflammatory factors, Western blot, and flow cytometry analysis were obtained. Results: Overall, the combination treatment of Rg3-RGE and PT significantly improved the colon length and body weight and decreased the DAI in mice compared with the treatment with OXA. Additionally, the histological injury was also reduced by the combination treatment. Moreover, the NO production level and inflammatory mediators and cytokines were significantly downregulated in the Rg3-RGE with the PT group compared with the model group. Also, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝛋B) were suppressed in the combination treatment group compared with the OXA group. Furthermore, the number of immune cell subtypes of CD4⁺ T-helper cells, CD19⁺ B-cells, and CD4⁺ and CD25⁺ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was improved in the Rg3-RGE with the PT group compared with the OXA group. Conclusion: Overall, the mixture of Rg3-RGE and PT is an effective therapeutic treatment for UC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of one alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) on growth performance, tibia quality, and skin and meat color in broilers fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 288 male Ross broilers, at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cages per treatment. Three levels of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ (0, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g$/kg) were added to a basal diet (0.50% Ca, 0.13% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 0.35% total phosphorus (tP)) without vitamin $D_3$. As a result of this study, the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ increased body weight gain (p<0.001), feed intake (p = 0.007), feed efficiency (p<0.001), tibia weight (p = 0.002), length (p<0.001), breaking-strength (p = 0.012), ash (p<0.001), Ca (p<0.001), and P content (p = 0.004). Dietary $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ enhanced breast meat yellowness (p = 0.015) and the length and weight of the small intestine of the broilers. Moreover, $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ decreased serum Ca concentration (p = 0.074) and breast meat redness (p = 0.010). These results indicate that the $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ improves growth, tibia quality, and meat color in broilers fed Ca- and P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets.