• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.293-309
• /
• 1993

With expanded and extended coverage of the national medical insurance and fast growing health care expenditures, appropriateness of health service utilization and quality of care are concerns of both health care providers and insurers as well as patients. An accurate patient classification system is a basic tool for effective health care policies and efficient health services management. A classification system applicable to Korean medical information-Korean Diagnosis Related Groups (K-DRGs)-was developed based on the U.S. Refined DRGs, and the performance of the developed system was assessed in this study. In the process of the development, first the Korean coding systems for diagnoses and procedures were converted to the systems used in the definition of the U.S. Refined DRGs using the mapping tables formulated by physician panels. Then physician panels reviewed the group definition, and identified medical practice patterns different in two countries. The definition was modified for the differences in K-DRGs. The process resulted in 1,199 groups in the system. Several groups in Refined DRGs could not be differentiated in K-DRGs due to insufficient medical information, and several groups could not be defined due to procedures which were not practiced in Korea. However, the classification structure of Refined DRGs was retained in K-DRGs. The developed system was evaluated fur its performance in explaining variations in resource use as measured by charges and length of stay(LOS), for both all and non-extreme discharges. The data base used in this evaluation included 373,322 discharges which was a random sample of discharges reviewed and payed by the medical insurance during the five-month period from September 1990. The proportion of variance in resource use which was reduced by classifying patients into K-DRGs-r-square-was comparable to the performance of the U.S. Refined DRGs: .39 for charges and .25 for LOS for all discharges, and .53 for charges and .31 for LOS for non-extreme discharges. Another measure analyzed to assess the performance was the coefficient of variation of charges within individual K-DRGs. A total of 966 K-DRGs (87.7%) showed a coefficient below 100%, and the highest coefficient among K-DRGs with more than 30 discharges was 159%.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2007

근접장 마이크로파 현미경을 이용하여 수중에서 시료의 표면이미지에 대한 비파괴적 측정에 관한 연구를 하였다. 이때 근접장 마이크로파 현미경은 3.5-5.5 GHz에서 작동되었다. 본 연구에서는 수중에서 시료의 표면특성을 손상 없이 측정하기 위해 강성힘을 이용한 튜닝폭(tuning fork) 거리조절 시스템으로 팁과 시료 사이의 거리를 10 nm로 유지하였다. 더불어, 공기 및 수중에서 튜닝폭의 진동진폭의 변화와 공진주파수의 변화를 측정하여 수중에서 튜닝폭리 반응특성을 저하시키는 원인에 대해 알아보았다. 물 속에 시료가 충분히 잠기고, 동시에 물의 영향을 최소화하기 위해 팁의 길이를 2 mm로 제작하여 튜닝폭의 한 쪽면에 붙였다. 또한 측정과정에서 나타나는 증발현상을 해소하기 위해 엑츄에이터를 이용하여 보충용 수조를 제작하였으며, 보다 정확한 수중측정을 위해 보정프로그램을 응용하였다. 이를 통해, 시료의 공기 및 수중 측정의 가능성을 확인하기 위해 도체시료의 표면특성을 관측하고 비교하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2013

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the $CO_2$ exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, using a system for the continuous measurement of the $CO_2$ exchange rate. C. annuum L. 'Nokkwang' and 'Tantan' were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at $25/18^{\circ}C$ (light/dark period) and the light period was 14 hours $d^{-1}$. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps (control) and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 50, 100, or 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The higher PPF levels increased the $CO_2$ exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the $CO_2$ exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the $CO_2$ exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The $CO_2$ exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 초고압 펌프의 개발과 같이 사용할 수 있는 초고압용 장거리 호스 개발에 관한 연구이며, 접근과 방수거리의 도달이 어려운 초고층 건물 및 대심도 터널의 화재진압에 효율적으로 적용이 가능함과 동시에 축광 성능을 포함하여 소방관의 화재 진압 시 퇴로 확보에도 도움이 될 수 있는 초고압용 호스의 개발에 관한 연구이다. 호스의 성능으로서 압력 3 MPa, 유량 2000 lpm을 목표로 초고압 호스를 개발하였으며, 2중의 자켓과 3중의 폴리우레탄 코팅 및 52의 경사를 사용하여 매우 촘촘하고 높은 고압에도 견딜 수 있는 초고압 소방호스를 개발하였다. 개발된 초고압 호스의 성능을 확보하기 위하여 구조 및 외관, 고압에서의 누수, 길이, 신장률, 박리시험, 마찰시험, 파단압시험 및 자유낙하 시험 등이 공인된 인증기관에서 수행되었으며 수행결과 성능에 이상이 없는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 소방관의 화재진압 시 퇴로를 확보하기 위한 축광 성능의 초고압 호스에 추가하여 연구 및 개발하였으며, 휘도시험의 값으로 축광의 발광시험 개시부터 40분 후까지 휘도 측정치가 휘도시험의 기준 값 이상으로 충분히 확보되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후, 이와 같은 초고압용 소방용 호스가 상용화가 되어 현장에서 적용된다면 초고층 건물의 화재진압 및 장대터널에서의 화재진압에 있어서 현재 사용되고 있는 소방호스 보다 개선된 화재 진압 및 안전한 퇴로를 확보하는 측면에서 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 2006

파괴인성은 균열의 개시와 전파에 대한 재료 고유의 상수로서 파괴역학에서 가장 중요한 재료상수 중의 하나이다. 콘크리트의 모드 I 파괴인성 측정에 대하여 RILEM 기술 위원회 89-FMT는 2-파라메타 모델에 근거한 3점 휨 시험법을 제시하였다. 그러나 혼합모드에 대한 시험법은 아직까지 표준으로 제안된 방법이 없는 실정이며, 또한 RILEM에서 제안한 3점 휨 시험법은 실험법이 복잡하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 굵은골재의 최대치수가 각각 20mm, 40mm이고, 동일한 설계기준강도를 가지는 콘크리트로써 다양한 크기의 브라질리언 디스크를 제작하였다. 그리고 브라질리언 디스크의 모드 I 파괴인성을 RILEM 3점 휨 시험결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 굵은골재의 최대치수에 따른 브라질리언 디스크의 적정 크기(두께, 직경) 및 노치 길이 비를 제시하였다. 또한 모드 I 시험으로부터 결정된 치수의 브라질리언 디스크로 혼합모드 시험을 수행한 결과 디스크 시편은 혼합모드 파괴의 연구 및 시험에 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 모드 I 및 혼합모드 시험에서 브라질리언 디스크의 응력확대계수는 유한요소해석(FEA)으로 구하였으며 FEA의 결과를 검증하기 위하여 5개항 근사법(Five terms approximation)에 의한 결과와 비교하였다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제12권8호
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 2014

Purpose - Despite the importance of price, many companies do not implement pricing policies smoothly, because typical price management strategies insufficiently consider logistics efficiency and an increase in logistics costs due to logistics waste. This study attempts to examine the effect of product line pricing, which corresponds to product mix pricing, on logistics efficiency in the case of manufacturer A, and analyzes how logistics performance changes in response to these variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study, based on the case of manufacturer A, involved research through understanding the current status, analyses, and then proposing improvement measures. Among all the products of manufacturer A, product group B was selected as the research object, and its distribution channel and line pricing were examined. As a result of simulation, for products with low loading efficiency, improvement measures such as changing the number of bags in the box were suggested, and a quantitative analysis was conducted on how these measures influence logistics costs. The TOPS program was used for the Pallet loading efficiency simulation tool in this study. To prevent products from protruding out of the pallet, the maximum measurement was set as 0.0mm, and loading efficiency was based on the pallet area, and not volume. In other words, its size (length x width) was focused upon, following the purpose of this study and, then, the results were obtained. Results - As a result of the loading efficiency simulation, when the number of bags in the box was changed for 36 products with low average loading efficiency of 73.7%, as shown in