• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.191-191
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• 2017

Hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) is an important industrial resource that known to be extracted from seeds of Castor or Lesquerella. However, mass production of HFA from those crops are difficult because of their behavior or life cycle. In this study, we applied HFA synthesis related gene FAH12, RcPDAT1, RcLPCAT, RcDGAT2, and RcPDCT on bioenergy crop Camelina sativa. Furthermore, we determined NaCl or cold stress tolerance changes of transgenic Camelina. RcFAH12, RcPDAT1, RcLPCAT, RcDGAT2, and RcPDCT genes were cloned into multigene expression vector which is engineered with seed specific promoter of FAE1 or Napin. Combination of HFA genes multi-expression vector constructs were divided into Set3 (RcFAH12, RcPDAT1-2, RcLPCAT), Set4 (RcFAH12, RcDGAT2, RCPDAT1-2, RcLPCAT), and Set5 (RcFAH12, RcDGAT2, RCPDAT1-2, RcLPCAT, RcPDCT). Transgenic HFA synthesis Camelina plants were generated using agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration system. Results of fatty acid composition of T1 transgenic Camelina seeds analyzed by GC-MS showed 9.5, 9.0, and 13.6 % of HFA contents in Set3#6, Set4#8, and Set5#10, respectively. Therefore, seeds of T2 generation were harvest from Set5#10 which is shown highest HFA contents, and, 17.7, 8.1 and 10.5 % of HFA contents were determined in Set5#10-5, Set5#10-8, and Set#10-10, respectively. However, 7.7% of C18:2 and 22.3 % of C18:3 among unsaturated fatty acids were decreased in Set5#10-5 than WT. Meanwhile, we confirmed abiotic stress responses in T2 transgenic Camelina Set5#10-5 and Set5#10-10 under 0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl or 25, 15, and $10^{\circ}C$ temperature for 5 weeks. Both Set5#10-5 and Set5#10-10 showed lower growth in height than WT in control and NaCl condition. Growth of leaf length and width were similar in WT and Set5#10-10 but lower in Set5#10-5 under NaCl stress. Number of opened flowers showed that both transgenic Camelina were lower than WT under normal condition. But, WT and Set5#10-10 showed similar opened flower number in 100 and 200 mM NaCl. In cold stress, 15 and $10^{\circ}C$ treatment for 5 weeks did not showed significant changes in between WT and both transgenic lines even they showed different growth rate in control condition. Taken together, growth and development are delayed by expression of exogenous HFA related genes in transgenic lines but relative abiotic stress sensitivity is similar with WT. In conclusion, reduced C18:2 or C18:3 fatty acid composition of seed by HFA synthesis is resulted from lack of resource supplement for development at seedling stage but it is not affect NaCl and cold stress tolerance.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.188-198
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• 2017

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears were treated with white (color temperature 4,500 k), blue (peak 450 nm), and red (peak 660 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for 12 h, and UV-B (280 nm) at 0.5 kJ or 1.0 kJ to determine the effect on agronomic characteristics, antioxidant phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity. The fresh weight, length, and width of spears were not affected by light quality treatments. The free sugars and chlorophyll contents were increased by 9 and 41%, respectively in the UV-0.5 kJ treatments. Among the antioxidant phytochemicals (vitamin C, total phenol, rutin, and total flavonoid), vitamin C was most greatly affected by the light treatments. Vitamin C content was significantly increased in asparagus spears subjected to the white (114%), red (137%), and UV-0.5 kJ(127%) treatments compared to the control. By contrast, rutin, total phenol, and total flavonoid content were increased only in samples subjected to the red and UV-0.5 kJ treatment. Furthermore, antioxidant activity, as measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, increased in white, red, and UV-0.5 kJ treatments by about 43, 41, and 43%, respectively, compared to the control. These results suggest that postharvest treatment of asparagus spears with red light at $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for 12 h or with UV-B (280 nm) at 0.5 kJ could enhance the functional quality of the asparagus spears by increasing the content of phytochemicals like vitamin C, rutin, total phenolics, and total flavonoids.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2014

With Single Comb White Leghorn (WL) and Korean Native Chicken (KNC) breeds, we compared the stress response with chicken breeds that were subjected to a high stocking density. Stress response was analyzed by the quantity of telomeric DNA, the rate of DNA damage and the expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) genes on tissues and blood. The telomere length and telomere shortening rates were analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization on the nuclei of lymphocytes and tissues. The DNA damage rate of lymphocytes was quantified by the comet assay. The expression levels of HSP70, HSP90-${\alpha}$, HSP90-${\beta}$ and HMGCR genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in lymphocytes. There was no significant difference between KNC and WL in body weight, weight gain, telomere shortening rate and DNA damage rate. However, the growth rate significantly decreased in chickens raised under high stocking density conditions, as compared to the control group. The telomere-shortening rate, DNA damage and HSPs expression of the lymphocytes were significantly higher in the high stocking density group than the control. The stress condition and breeds had a significant effect on the expressions of HSP70, HSP90-${\alpha}$ and HSP90-${\beta}$ in lymphocytes, except HMGCR. The stress response of WL was higher than that of KNC, as analyzed to the expression of HSP70 and HSP90-${\alpha}$. Therefore, we concluded that the chickens which were exposed to a high stocking density had increased the individual physiological stress response regardless of breeds, and White Leghorns are more susceptible to stress condition than Korean Native Chickens.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2010

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium phosphate coated titanium implant surface on bone response and implant stability at early stage of healing period of 3 weeks and later healing period of 6 weeks. Material and methods: A total of 24 machined, screw-shaped implants (Dentium Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) which dimensions were 3.3 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in length, were used in this research. All implants (n = 24), made of commercially pure (grade IV) titanium, were divided into 2 groups. Twelve implants (n = 12) were machined without any surface modification (control). The test implants (n = 12) were anodized and coated with thin film (150nm) of calcium phosphate by electron-beam deposition. The implants were placed on the proximal surface of the rabbit tibiae. The bone to implant contact (BIC) ratios was evaluated after 3 and 6 weeks of implant insertion. Results: The BIC percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants ($70.8{\pm}18.9%$) was significantly higher than that of machined implants ($44.1{\pm}16.5%$) 3 weeks after implant insertion (P = 0.0264). However, there was no significant difference between the groups after 6 weeks of healing (P > .05). Conclusion: The histomorphometric evaluation of implant surface revealed that; 1. After 3 weeks early healing period, bone to implant contact (BIC) percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants (70.8%) was much greater than that of surface untreated machined implants (44.1%) with P = 0.0264. 2. After 6 weeks healing period, however, BIC percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants group (79.0%) was similar to the machined only implant group (78.6%). There was no statistical difference between two groups (P = 0.8074). 3. We found the significant deference between the control group and experimental group during the early healing period of 3 weeks. But no statistical difference was found between two groups during the later of 6 weeks.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2017

This study aimed to determine the suitable of harvest time on the growth and quality of baby leafy vegetables (Agastsche rugosa O. Kuntze and Lepidium sativum L.) grown on rice seedling tray in a six-layered bench system at 30cm intervals in order to exploit the space during rice growing off-season. Seedlings were grown on the rice seedling tray for 10 days after sowing with coir substrate supplied with nutrient solution at EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ every 2 days prior to placing the tray on the bench, which were at $1^{st}$ (Low) layer above 20cm and $6^{th}$ (High) layer above 170cm apart from the ground. Growth and phytochemical contents were measured at 7-day and 14-day harvest time. During the culture periods, daily average of integrated solar radiation and temperature were $9.3{\sim}9.6MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$, $27.5^{\circ}C$ in the High layer and $5.1{\sim}6.2MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in average, and $26.5{\sim}26.6^{\circ}C$ in the Low layer, respectively. For A. rugosa, the highest growth was observed in the Low layer bench at a 14-day harvest time, while their plant height in the High layer was shorter and the leaf number was lower. For L. sativum, the plant height, leaf length and width, leaf number and fresh weight were higher in the Low layer. For A. rugosa, a high yield was observed with the increase in integrated temperature and integrated solar radiation, while a higher yield of L. sativum was found with the increase in integrated temperature, but not with integrated solar radiation. For A. rugosa, both polyphenol and anthocyanin contents were higher in the High layer at a 14-day harvest time. For L. sativum, polyphenol contents were higher in the High layer, whereas no significant difference in anthocyanin and flavonoid contents was observed depending on the layer and harvest time. The highest chlorophyll content showed in Low layer at a 7-day harvest time in both A. rugose and L. sativum. All of the results suggest that in terms of growth and quality, it may be better growing in the high layer for 14 days after seedling in A. rugosa, and low layer for 7 days in L. sativum.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the nutrient solution developed by based on nutrient-water absorption rate of strawberry 'Maehyang' by comparing growth and yield for 8 months with 5 kinds of nutrient solution with different ion composition. Strawberry plants were planted at elevated bed and supplied with five kinds of nutrient solutions (RDA), Yamazaki, PBG, University of Seoul (UOS) and NewUOS from one month onwards. Five types of nutrient solution were supplied to the strawberry plants associated with EC $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, pH 6.0, $150{\sim}300mL{\cdot}plant^{-1}$ per day. At 60 days after planting, leaf width and leaf petiole of the strawberry plants showed significant differences among nutrient solution types and photosynthesis was higher in RDA and NewUOS nutrient solution and lower in PBG nutrient solution. The EC of the drainage on vegetative growth stage was $0.7{\sim}0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, which is lower than the supplied EC level, and to $1.0-1.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, afterwards. The pH of the drainage was higher in Yamzaki solution as 6.2~6.8, while the pH of the UOS nutrient solution was lower in 5.1~5.2. Nitrate content was most absorbed in vegetative growth stage and after flower clusters development. The potassium uptake was highest at the NewUOS followed by UOS and Yamazaki nutrient solution. At six months after -planting fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root were higher in UOS and NewUOS nutrient solution than other nutrient solutions, and the dry matter ratio was lower at 43.5% in Yamazaki nutrient solution and 30.6% in NewUOS nutrient solution than other solutions. Length, width, weight, and sugar content of the strawberries harvested from December to February were unaffected by treatment, but yield was higher in NewUOS nutrient solution due to increasing fruit number and average weight. From March to May, number of fruit was higher in Yamazaki nutrient solution. In conclusion, there was no difference in the growth of 'Maehyang' when 5 nutrient solutions were grown under hydroponics. But in order to improve the marketability, the NewUOS nutrient solution is appropriate to use from planting to February and it is suitable to use Yamazaki nutrient solution after March when temperature is high and the amount of fruit set per inflorescence.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Organic fertilization (OF) was an effective management strategy to improve crop yield and soil fertility. Determination of optimum application rate has been received great interest as a major research field. In this study, we evaluated optimum application level of three different organic fertilizers; mixed expeller compost (MEC), mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) and organic complex fertilizer (OCF), for garlic cultivation. Treatments consisted of MEC, MOF, OCF (50, 100, 150% of standard nitrogen input), inorganic fertilizer(NPK, N-P₂O₅-K₂O : 250-78-128 kg ha^-1) and no-fertilization (control). Overall, the yields of garlic under MEC, MOF and OCF 100% (5,337, 5,617 and 5,276 kg ha^-1) were higher than under control (4,496 kg ha^-1). The 100% of three OFs treatements showed the highest yield and bulb diameter, similar with NPK, while leaf length and bulb height were not significantly different among all treatments. The 150% of three OFs rather decreased yield. The highest nitrogen use efficiency (38.4 and 38.0%) was observed in MOF 100% and OCF100%, which was the most similar with that in NPK (38.8%). As OF application rate increased, pH was decreased, but soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were increased. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter (OM), av. P₂O₅ and Ex. cation values. From these results, 100% application of OFs could be recommended as a suitable input level for garlic cultivation, regardless of organic fertilizer types. Further study might be required to evaluate long-term OF application effect on soil health and crop productivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2002

This study investigated associations between calcium intake, exercise behaviors, lumbar bona mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) among 79 premenopausal women (mean age = 41yr). The BMD and BMC of the lumbar spine (L$_2$-L$_4$) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Nutrient intake was estimated by the convenient method and a quantitative food frequency questionnaire was designed for this study that included the most commonly consumed floods sources of Ca. Participants were asked to identify all activities of exercise they had participated in including estimation of number of years of participation, number of weeks per year, number of times per week, and the number of hours per session. Participants were then categorized into the exercise group or nonexercise group (control). To meet the criteria for inclusion in the exercise group, the subjects participated more than 3 sessions per week and more than 30 minutes per session and the length of the exercise participation was at least more then 6 months. The participants were also grouped by calcium intake. The total calcium intake of all participants was estimated by dietary calcium intake and then the subjects were divided into quartiles to assess the lumbar BMD and BMC of the upper 25% (average calcium intake = 910 mg) and the lower 25% (average calcium intake = 414 mg). Results indicated that there were no significant differences in energy and calcium intake, and that there were no significant differences in lumbar BMD and BMC between participants in exercise group and the nonexercising control group. However, the exercise group had significantly lower ALP concentration than the nonexercise group. The upper 25% calcium intake group had significantly greater lumbar bone mineral density and bone mineral content than the lower 25% calcium intake group. Also the upper 25% calcium intake group had significantly lower ALP concentration than the lower 25% calcium intake group. Correlation analysis revealed that the spinal BMB was positively associated with body weight, while calcium intake was negatively associated with ALP concentration in nonexercising women. However, neither body weight nor dietary calcium intake were associated with both spinal BMD or ALP concentration in exercising women. These results suggest that calcium intake positively influence bone mineral density and bone mineral content in nonexercisulg premenopausal women. Exercise group did not affected by body weight and dietary calcium, but decreased ALP concentration than nonexercising group. Both exercise and calcium intake positively influence bone mineral density and bone mineral content in premenopausal women.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2002

This study was investigated the anti-angiogenic activities of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus by using Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and rat cornea. First experiment, the fertilized chicken eggs were kept in a humidified egg incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. After 4 days incubation, about 3 ml of albumin was aspirated from eggs with an hypodermic needles through a small hole drilled at the narrow end of the eggs, and the shell membrane on the floor of the air sac was peeled away. Embryos with chorioallantois of 3~5 mm in diameter were employed for the assay of antiangiogenic activity. Retinoic acid was used as a positive control for this experiment. After 48 h of treatment. branching pattern of blood vessels below coverslip containing retinoic acid ($10{\mu}g/egg$) was dramatically decreased. A simiar angiogenic inhibition was observed in the CAM treated with $50{\mu}g/egg$ of Cnidium omcinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus extracts. Second experiment, rat corneal neovascularization was induced by suturing (one stitch) the cornea with 10-0 nylon, and terramycin was applied on the cornea for I week to prevent corneal inflammation. In the cornea of rats untreated with herbal extracts, numerous vessels were usually seen invading the cornea by day 2 or 3 after suture, and reaching the lesion area within 5~6 days. Corneal neovascularization was gradually increased and peaked at 3 weeks. In contrast to this, herbal extracts conspicuously inhibited the angiogenesis, Oral administration of herbal extracts (20 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks significantly inhibited the rat corneal angiogenesis induced by suture, and the length of blood vessels in herbal medicine-treated rat cornea was conspicuously lower than that in control animals. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the rat cornea treated with thalidomide (200 mg/kg body weight/day). These findings indicate the anti-angiogenic properties of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus, suggesting that these properties may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities of herbal extracts tested in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the antiangiogenic effects of As₄O/sub 6/ to those of As₂O₃ on the rat corneal micropocket model induced by VEGF. 20 ng VEGF impregnated pellets were used for angiogenic inducer on the rat cornea micropocket assay in this study. After ophthalmoscopic examination, Sprague-Dawley rats with normal cornea were implanted VEGF pellet. Total 60 eyes were used in this study. Control group only received VEGF pellet, As₂O₃ group followed oral administration of As₂O₃ at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day after VEGF pellet implantation and As₄O/sub 6/ group followed oral administration of As₄O/sub 6/ at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day after VEGF pellet implantation were classified. The eyes were examined under a surgical microscope daily on postoperative from day 3 to day 9 after pellet implantation. The number, length, clock hour of vascularization, and area of vessels in As₄O/sub 6/ group were significantly less evident than those of control group and As₂O₃ group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, As₄O/sub 6/ had better antiangiogenic effects on the new vessel induced by VEGF in the rat cornea.