• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

This study tried to investigate the difference of the legibility in different age groups (young and old) with same near visual acuity and to provide preliminary guidelines for the text sizes in the pesticides products based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective, legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different age(20s, 50-60s), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness (plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same near visual acuity(0.6). The results showed that legibility 50s was higher than 20s. And 20s are appealed higher discomfort than 50s. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 14 pt or larger characters (100% readable size) should be used the important information such as toxicity, and the minimum character size was 7 pt (50% readable size) for other information.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

목적 : 본 연구는 학령기 아동을 대상으로 소리 내어 읽기가 글씨쓰기 명료도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 초등학교 2학년 학생으로 DTVP 검사 결과 선별된 45명으로 선정하였다. 실험기간은 2015년 11월 2일부터 11월 25일까지 기초선 1회, 중재 4회, 중재 후 평가 1회로 총 6회를 실시하였다. 기초선 기간과 중재 후 평가 기간에는 글씨쓰기 명료도 평가도구를 사용하여 글씨쓰기 명료도와 속도를 측정하였다. 중재기간에는 소리내어 읽기를 하며 글씨쓰기를 하는 실험군, 글씨쓰기만을 하는 대조군1, 아무런 중재를 가하지 않은 대조군2로 나누어 실시하였다. 중재 전과 중재 후 글씨쓰기 명료도 검사를 실시하여 글씨쓰기 명료도의 변화를 알아보았다. 결과 : 글씨쓰기 중재 후, 남학생보다 여학생이 글씨쓰기 명료도가 유의미하게 향상되었다. 첫 번째 단어카드에서 대조군1은 집단 내 글씨쓰기 명료도의 차이가 유의미하게 향상되었고, 대조군2는 집단 내 글씨쓰기 명료도의 차이가 유의미하게 나타났지만 글씨쓰기 명료도 점수는 하락하였다. 두 번째 단어카드에서 실험군과 대조군1은 집단 내 글씨쓰기 명료도의 차이가 유의미하게 향상되었고, 실험군과 대조군2, 대조군1과 대조군2는 집단 간 글씨쓰기 명료도의 차이가 유의미하게 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 글씨쓰기 연습을 통해 초등학교 2학년 아동의 글씨쓰기 명료도를 향상시키는 효과가 있다는 근거를 제공하는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : A fog generated field test was conducted to analyze the relationship between different sizes of variable speed limit signs and the legibility distance under various fog density conditions. By using this study, appropriate sizes of signs can be selected depending on the density of fog. METHODS : An actual tunnel was selected as the area for this test, as other places cannot maintain the fog condition because of rapid air current. A total 121 subjects were recruited for this test, which took place over the course of four days. The test on the first day was conducted under normal weather conditions for comparison. Visibility-distance detecting sensor was used to measure the visibility distance due to the fog density time, simultaneously with the evaluation of legibility distance by subjects. RESULTS : The test results show the relationship between the different sizes of signs and the legibility distance corresponding to the visibility distance due to both non-fog and fog generated conditions. According to the technical test results, appreciable amount of reduction in legibility distance due to fog was resulted in all sizes of signs. Moreover, the legibility distance is reduced proportionately with the decrease in the visibility distance due to fog. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can be used to select appropriate sizes of valuable speed signs under fog conditions. Hence, drivers can expect to have more room to respond to adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : A fog generated field test was conducted to analyze the relationship between the luminance of variable speed-limit signs and the legibility distance under various fog density conditions. By using this study, appropriate luminance values can be selected depending on the density of fog. METHODS : An actual tunnel was selected as the area to conduct the test, as other places cannot maintain the fog condition because of rapid air current. Ninety-two subjects were recruited for this test, which took place during the course of three days. Visibility-distance detecting sensor was used to measure the visibility distance due to the fog density time, simultaneously with the evaluation of legibility distance by subjects. RESULTS : The test results show the relationship between luminance values and the legibility distance corresponding to the visibility distance due to fog. According to the technical test results, lower luminance value such as $7000cd/m^2$ corresponds to less legibility distance compared to higher values such as $20000cd/m^2$ or $40000cd/m^2$. However, the amount of difference between $20000cd/m^2$ and $40000cd/m^2$ is negligible in our test. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can be used to select appropriate luminance of valuable speed signs under fog conditions. Hence, drivers can expect to have more room to respond to adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2001

컴퓨터 공학의 발달 및 검사이론의 발전으로 검사를 제작하거나 실시하는데 컴퓨터를 이용하는 많은 새로운 기법들이 연구 개발되고 있으며, 최근에는 인터넷과 정보통신 기술의 발달로 웹을 기반으로 하는 평가에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 기술적 측면의 발달에 비해 학습자에게 편안한 평가 환경을 제공할 수 있는 사용자 가독성에 관한 연구가 부족하였다. 웹기반의 평가에서 사용한 가독성은 수험자들의 시험 불안을 감소시키며, 정확한 능력 측정을 위해 매우 중요한 요소가 된다. 본 연구에서 우리는 웹 기반 학습 인터페이스에 관한 연구와 초등학생들을 대상으로 한 설문을 통해 최적의 웹 평가 인터페이스를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안 된 원리들은 앞으로 웹 평가 화면을 제작하는데 많은 도움이 되리라 생각한다. 더불어 본 논문에서 제안한 원리 이외에도 개별적인 문항 제작과 지시문, 멀티미디어 요소의 레이아웃 등 좀 더 다양한 분야에 관한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2003

Many people get plenty of information from World Wide Web, and the study of the factors that affect on reading task on web browser is presenting important issue. But domestic studies on legibility of Korean on web environment were relatively poor and the study about suitable text layout for skimming wasn't carried out also. At this point, this study was performed to investigate the effects of two types of reading, three levels of line length, and three levels of interlinear spacing on comprehension and reading rate when subjects read the materials on web browser. Reading speed, error rate, subjective preference and SACL(Stress and Arousal Checklist) evaluation were measured to evaluate the effects. Eighteen volunteer subjects participated in eighteen web document sessions with two different reading types, three different line lengths, and three different interlinear spacings. Statistical results from objective and subjective evaluations indicate that 50 characters per line of line length and 100 percents of interlinear spacing improved reading rate, overall error rates were reduced when reading normally, and SACL measures were increased at fast reading type. Consequently, in order to design text layout to retrieve information in WWW environment effectively, just applying guidelines of traditional printed material is not proper. Therefore, it is effective to consider reading type, line length, and interlinear spacing. Implications of these results and suggestions for the further study are also addressed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the legibility of one-syllable Korean characters with the participation of sixteen subjects. The experiment considered nine factors including age (young and old), gender (male and female), illuminance (150lx and 600lx), viewing distance (50cm and 200cm), material type (paper and LCD), typeface (Ming and Gothic), thickness (plain and bold), color contrast (black letter/white background and white letter/black background), and complexity (simple, complex, and number) to examine main effects with a $2^{6-3}\times3$ fractional factorial design. The dependent variables were minimum character size of 100% correctness, maximum character size of 0% correctness, and minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age, illuminance, viewing distance and complexity were significant for all dependent variables, except gender which was significant only for the minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. In general, the young could see twofold smaller size letters than the elderly. The subjects could see smaller sized letters with the illuminance of 600lx and viewing distance of 50cm than 150lx and 200cm, respectively and also with numbers, simple characters, and complex characters in that order. The findings of this study could be characterized about the legibility of Korean characters and be good resources for developing its standard.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.661-674
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• 2016

최근의 스마트폰 사용 급증에 비하여 고령자의 스마트폰 사용 비율은 상대적으로 높지 않다. 노화에 의한 신체적, 인지적 능력 저하, 기존의 휴대폰에서는 볼 수 없었던 터치기반의 복잡하고 낯선 사용자 인터페이스 등의 이유로 고령자들이 자유롭게 스마트폰을 사용하는데 어려움을 겪기 때문이다. 본 연구는 스마트폰 한글 타이포그래피가 고령자의 가독성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고, 고령자의 스마트폰 사용에 적합한 한글타이포그래피의 적합한 요소를 추출하고자 하였다. 65세 이상의 노인 24명을 대상으로 글자크기, 자간, 행간의 변화에 따른 판독성(Legibility) 평가결과, 서체의 종류는 나눔명조가 나눔고딕 보다 우수하였으며, 서체의 크기는 11, 12, 13pt중 13pt가 우수하였다. 반면 자간 넓이, 행간 넓이는 가독성에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 선호도 평가에서는 나눔고딕과 나눔명조는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 서체의 크기에서는 13pt, 12pt, 11pt 순으로 서체 크기가 클수록 고령자가 선호했다. 반면 자간 넓이, 행간 넓이에 따른 선호도는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 스마트폰의 한글타이포그래피에 반영한다면 고령자의 스마트폰 사용에 작게나마 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2018

This study aims at evaluating the characteristics and the preference on the sign design in the industrial heritages space. The research were performed by the process of literature review, case study, and survey of questionnaire. Seven industrial heritage space in Korea and China regenerated as art and cultural space after 2000 were selected and evaluated by 6 criteria including integrity, continuity, simplicity, aesthetics, legibility and historic aspects. The findings were the following. First, the six criteria factors were evaluated as the similar scores in the assessment of 7 sites without extremity. Simplicity was the highest score while historicality was the lowest one. It means that the characteristics of the sign systems of the heritage sites were focused on the simple, contemporary and effective design. Second, integrity, continuity, aesthetics, legibility were evaluated as the medium score in the sign design. While, in the evaluation on the aesthetics the score differences were comparatively high. Sanhai M50 which got the highest score showed the integrity of contrast using yellow and grey color with minimal design. However, Sanghai M50 got the lowest score in the historic aspects and was evaluated as the most favorite sign design in the preference. It means that the historic aspects have no direct relationship with the preference for the sign design. It shows that the effectiveness with integrity and the aesthetic aspects are considered more importantly than the application of the historic identity of the site in sign design.