• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.57-70
• /
• 2011

In this paper, the author focused on the establishment of structural equation model for cyber copyright ethics based upon literature reviews. And to draw a factors influencing cyber copyright ethics reception, author are applied a human-technology-contents-culture (HTCoC) perspectives. The basic idea is that copyright ethics is one of the most significant solutions to protect copyrighted materials. Among solutions like technology, institution and legal framework, ethics may be the most powerful alternatives to face with copyright infringement. Among variables, copyright culture is appeared that can mediate the other factors in cyberspace. Concluding remarks is that more sound and sustainable cyber copyright ethics is needed to cope with unexpected negative use of information technology in digital convergence era.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.27-53
• /
• 2013

Technology research and development (R&D) expenditures have increased as most countries recognize that technological innovation is a significant factor for continued economic growth. R&D subsidies by governmental entities were permitted in accordance with the Subsidy and Countervailing Measure (SCM) Agreement under the World Trade Organization (WTO) system. However, according to Article 31 of the SCM Agreement the provision for R&D subsidies have been terminated as of January 2000 and legal disputes over R&D subsidies are likely to increase. The aircraft industry has been the only industry where R&D subsidies have become an issue under the WTO. This paper examines international trade disputes within the aircraft industry in regards to measures by Canada and bilateral disputes between the U.S. and the European Communities (EC). In these cases, various R&D subsidies on civil aircraft are found to be inconsistent with WTO rules. This study summarizes the WTO decisions on various R&D subsidies disputed in the aircraft cases and examines the type of R&D subsidies found to be inconsistent (or consistent) with the WTO to provide guidelines for current and future R&D subsidy policies in high-tech industries. The Canada-Aircraft case indicates that R&D subsidies directly targeted towards near market R&D projects with a high export potential will likely be in violation of current WTO rules. Furthermore, findings from the EC-Aircraft and the U.S.-Aircraft cases suggest that the forms (or the methods) of R&D subsidy distribution were not a sufficient condition for the WTO ruling; instead, what ultimately mattered was whether and specifically to whom the benefits of the R&D subsidies are conferred by the government entities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2016

In this study, the budget investment state of the technology classification structure in a fire-fighting and safety research development program and the capability of a fire-fighting safety research program were analyzed between 2007 and 2013 with support from the ministry of public safety. The Ministry of public safety and security's fire safety research funding has shown a gradual increasing tendency. More 80% of the budget was invested in fire safety and disaster response technologies and the fire safety and special disaster prevention response technology of R&D. From the results of analyzing the capacity of fire-fighting safety and rescue safety, it was found to have a moderate level of 3.5 on a 7 point scale basis. To develop the Ministry of Public Safety and Security's fire safety research in the future, the flexibility and reasonableness of the budget/legal/institutional framework and support should be ensured to improve the operational capability of resources. In addition, a proliferation program is necessary for the commercialization and industrialization of research results.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.129-144
• /
• 2008

Last February, $\ulcorner$The Act on Ubiquitous City Construction and etc.$\lrcorner$ was approved by the National Assembly. The law stipulates the regulations on the planning, construction and management of the Ubiquitous City. As its national-level law system is about to take its effects, future new city developments are expected to have its legal basis to be built to meet ubiquitous city requirements. Also, it is anticipated that such needs would require much more planning techniques and strategies. In reaction to those upcoming needs, this study is to search for new planning approaches to realize the u-City in reality. It is also to supply with the framework to execute the u-City projects in more structuralize and systemize manner. Therefore, with the purpose of the establishment of comprehensive planning system, the theoretical bases were sought in relation to planning u-City, pre-existing u-City development cases and regarding regulations were analyzed, and then basic concepts, features, and constituent factors were set up.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-34
• /
• 2014

In urban as well as rural areas, there is a vigorous movement to establish cooperatives which are based on the Framework Act On Cooperatives. Eight months after the enforcement of the law, more than 600 cooperatives reported their articles of association to the competent Mayor/Governor in rural areas. Considering the population distribution in urban and rural areas, this is not a small number. Though recently established rural cooperatives are acting throughout diverse business sectors, cooperatives in agricultural sector, which engage in agricultural production, processing and sales, occupy the largest portion of all the rural cooperatives. There are two types of juridical person that are allowed to engage in the agricultural production, processing and sales by the laws. They are Farm Association and Agricultural Business Corporation. Now in rural Korea, farmers tend to establish cooperatives by the Framwork Act On Cooperatives which are in the same business sector with Farm Association or Agricultural Business Corporation. There are many needs to improve legislation regarding cooperatives. Above all, the laws about Farm Association and Agricultural Business Corporation are in urgent need of improvement for the emerging rural cooperatives to be treated fairly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-31
• /
• 1998

Nursing science is focusing increasingly on family health care. Especially during the launching stage of family the grown-up sons daughters, and middlescent parents daughters have experienced a lot of change. The purpose of this study is to investigate the family health during the launching stage of the family by utilizing the family health assessment tool based on Roy's adaptation model. The Roy adaptation model was used as it is the best practice-based framework for Family Health Nursing Care. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The structure of the questionnaire was developed from the Family Health Assessment Tool by S.O. Jang(1996). The sample of 276 subjects was a convenient sample and data was obtained from November 14, 1996 to December 4, 1996. In order to analyze the collected data, this study utilized frequency, percentile, average, ANOVA, Cronbach's, and factor analysis. The results from this research are summarized as follows : 1. The degree of family health is average $95.24{\pm}9.40$ ranged in middle. 2. The significant difference between general characteristics and family health was only revealed with the major decision making person in the family. This research thus suggests the following : 1. The legal system is needed in order to check the family members' health state regularly. 2. With family nursing care, it has to identify who is the major decision maker in that family. 3. There is a need to redefine the family health assessment tool. 4. Further research will attempt to investigate family health in each family's developmental stage.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.3-32
• /
• 2008

In proportion to recent developments in aviation technology and growth of the air transport market, the risk of damages to third parties caused by aircrafts and the likelihood of unlawful interference on an aircraft in flight has grown larger. The war risk insurance market was paralyzed by the 9/11 terror event. And if another event on the scale of 9/11 occurs, compensations for third party damages will be impossible. Recognizing the need to modernize the existing legal framework and the absence of a globally accepted authority that deals with third party liability and compensation for catastrophic damage caused by acts of unlawful interference, the ICAO and various countries have discussed a liability and compensation system that can protect both third party victims and the aviation industry for the 7 years. In conclusion, in order to provide adequate protection for victims and the appropriate protection for air transport systems including air carriers, work on modernizing the Rome Convention should be continued and the new Convention should be finalized in the near future. Korea has not ratified the relevant international treaties, i.e. Rome Convention 1933, 1952 and 1978, and has no local laws which regulate the damage caused by aircraft to third parties on land. Consequently, it has to depend on the domestic civil tort laws. Most of the advanced countries in aviation such as the United States, England, Germany, France and even China, have incorporated the International Conventions to their national air law and governed carriers third party liability within their jurisdiction. The Ministry of Justice organized the Special Enactment Committee for Air Transport chapter under Commercial Law. The Air Transport chapter, which currently includes third party liability, is in the process of instituting new legislation. In conclusion, to settle such problems through local law, it is necessary to enact as soon as possible domestic legislation on the civil liability of the air carrier which has been connected with third party liability and aviation insurance.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2003

The products of the quality certificated fisheries which are protected from environmental pollution, decomposition are hygienically safe and convenient for food. However, consumers have not yet understood the recognition of the system of quality certfication so far because of lack of demand on the quality certification fisheries. Above all, to put the system of the quality QC in place sucessfully, to understand the variation of consumer's inclination efficiently, the empirical study must be carried out by both consumer's take part in the market of the quality certificated fisheries products and how much the amount of consumption is in this market. The purpose of this study, under the preconditions where these have limited fisheries items in consumer's inclination survey, is to analyze the demand of QC though the Double Hurdle Model. Explanatory variables included were household characteristics such as housewives' age and education, her job, household income as well as their health perceptions and food purchase behaviors. Survey from 530 household was collected in Pusan City in 2003, of 502 were actually used for empirical analysis. The Double-hurdle framework proved to a better representation of the factors influencing the separate decision participation and consumption levels. According to the results of this study, whether or not, participating In the market of quality certicipating in the market of qualify certificated fisheries products is affected by how much experience and confidence these have got. housewives' having a job or not. Furthermore, the amount of consumption is mostly affected income. This value is attributed to the safety of QC fisheries products in comparison with regular fisheries. Findings suggest that the consumers put substantially high monetary value on safe food, such as high quality fisheries products. Therefore, first of all, legal and institutional systems should be clearly and strictly identified for the QC products.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2011

The evaluation systems on the National Spatial Information Policy(NSIP) has been changed, since the Establishment and Use of the National Geographic Information System Act(NGIS Act, 2000) was abolished and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure Act(NSDI Act, 2009) was enacted. As compared to the NGIS Act, the policy evaluation systems for National Spatial Information are regarded as unified and centralized. However, some argue that the claim of budget and the legal feasibility of the NSIP was weakened. Given the different views on the two laws, this study aims at analyzing the changes in the evaluation system by comparing the NGIS Act and the NSDI Act. A Comparative Analysis framework is employed. The subjects of the comparative analysis are evaluation mechanism, evaluator, evaluation target and range, after-assessment utilization, and agent. In order to improve the effectiveness of the evaluation system, it is recommended that the clarification of evaluation purposes, institutional enhancement for evaluation agency, the development of evaluation indexes, the combination of top-down approach and bottom -up approach, and the increased linkage between budget and evaluation result.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2003

Biodiversity is defined as totality of genetic, species, and ecosystem variability. It provides natural sources of crop improvement, traditional medicine and biotechnology. In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) became a legally binding framework for conserving and utilizing global biological diversity. It recognizes national sovereign rights over all genetic resources, such as the need to compensate developing countries for the resources they have provided to the industrialized world. The CBD grants access to those resources in exchange for compensation as well as technology transfer, so that the access to genetic resources would be made under prior informed consent(PIC) and mutually agreed terms(MAT). On the other hand, the developed countries argued that unfettered exchange of genetic resources was essential for scientific research and development, and that technology using genetic resources should be protected. There are many countries today, developing legal frameworks concerned with access to their local genetic resources and benefit sharing. In this study, we analyzed the international trends for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of genetic resources, and suggested how to cope actively with the situation.