Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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International Trends of Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing Issue and Biodiversity Research

유전자원 접근 및 이익공유에 관한 국제 동향과 생물다양성 연구

  • 김태규 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 김기태 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 노환춘 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 김말희 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 이은영 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 이병윤 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 이민효 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과) ;
  • 오경희 (국립환경연구원 생물다양성연구부 생물자원과)
  • Published : 2003.10.01
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Abstract

Biodiversity is defined as totality of genetic, species, and ecosystem variability. It provides natural sources of crop improvement, traditional medicine and biotechnology. In 1993, the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) became a legally binding framework for conserving and utilizing global biological diversity. It recognizes national sovereign rights over all genetic resources, such as the need to compensate developing countries for the resources they have provided to the industrialized world. The CBD grants access to those resources in exchange for compensation as well as technology transfer, so that the access to genetic resources would be made under prior informed consent(PIC) and mutually agreed terms(MAT). On the other hand, the developed countries argued that unfettered exchange of genetic resources was essential for scientific research and development, and that technology using genetic resources should be protected. There are many countries today, developing legal frameworks concerned with access to their local genetic resources and benefit sharing. In this study, we analyzed the international trends for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of genetic resources, and suggested how to cope actively with the situation.

생물다양성은 유전적, 종적, 생태적 다양성의 총체이며, 작물 품종 개량, 전통의약 및 생명공학의 원재료가 된다. 생물 다양성 협약은 생물 다양성의 감소에 대처하기 위한 국제적 노력의 결실로서, 생물 다양성의 보전, 지속 가능한 이용, 그리고 유전자원의 이용으로 발생하는 이익의 공평한 공유를 목적으로 한다. 생물 다양성 협약은 이런 목적을 이루기 위해서 원산국은 유전자원에 대한 접근을 위한 조건을 조성해야 하며, 이용국은 유전자원으로부터 얻어진 이익을 상호 합의 조건과 사전 통보 승인 제도에 의해 공정하고 공평한 분배를 해야 하는 의무를 부여하고 있다. 이에 따라 각 국은 유전자원 접근 및 이익공유에 관한 법률을 제정하여 국가적으로 규제하려고 노력하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 개발도상국의 유전자원에 대한 접근 규제뿐만 아니라 선진국의 생물 공학 기술에 대한 접근 규제로 인하여 유전자원 및 생물 다양성 연구에 있어서 어려움이 증가하고 있으며, 국내의 생물 다양성 연구를 발전시키기 위해서는 생물 다양성 보전과 유전자원 이용에 관한 국제동향을 파악하여 능동적으로 대처하는 것이 필요하다.

Keywords

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