• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

This study evaluated the feasibility of the location for PM-10 Monitoring Stations utilizing through GIS analysis. In addition, optimal sites were investigated to properly manage PM-10 which are closely related with public health. There are 11 PM-10 monitoring stations in Daegu area and the PM-10 data monitored at these stations are utilized to understand the overall status of PM-10 pollution. However, there are contrastive issues on the locations of current monitoring stations. Thus, this study prepared the map of PM-10 concentrations in Daegu area using IDW and Kriging techniques. Furthermore, average PM-10 concentrations were calculated using zonal statistical methods according to legal divisions and then, the current monitoring stations were evaluated whether their location is appropriate or not for PM-10 pollution distribution. It was found that, on the basis of yearly, seasonal and daily concentration analysis, the location of current PM-10 monitoring stations were not appropriate, particularly as they could not represent regional PM-10 pollution characteristics. In order to supplement this deficiency, seven sites(Namsandong, Namildong, Dongildong, Buksungro 1, Jongro 1, Hyangchondong and Haejeondong) commonly selected from each analytical step are suggested as additional PM-10 monitoring sites. It is further suggested that this kind of scientific evaluation for the location of PM-10 monitoring stations are needed in order to properly manage public heath in other cities as well as Daegu area.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2017

In this paper, The Supreme Court of Korea 2016. 1. 28. 2015Da9769 was reviewed. In the previous case, Korean Supreme Court 2009Da17417 for the element to requirement for permission of the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments, the patient's consent for withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments was assumed a declaration of intention to terminate the contract. But the consent for withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments corresponds not to those. The consent for medical treatments is not the juristic acts but the real acts. If the presumptive intention about these withdrawal regards as the termination of medical contract, the contract must be up to the starting the civil proceedings. According to this case, although the partial cancellation of medical contract is admitted, on the other hand medical expenses obligation ist exempted only after the final decision. At the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments the medical obligation ist exempted because of the inability to providing the medical payment, which confirmed by the final decision about the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Therefore the judgement of this case ist appropriate in that sense, the medical obligation ist waived only after the final decision. However that legal basis lies not at the partial cancel but at the partial inability.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

It is important to manage the underground facilities efficiently because they are directly related to the convenience and safety of citizens. But the fact that the different agencies take on a role of managing the underground facilities respectively makes it impossible. So Korean government has exerted great efforts to solve this problem through several projects. Korean government expects that the ubiquitous technologies such as sensor and wireless communication in the domain of the underground facilities management will be useful. It is main duty of u-City Management Center to monitor several situations about the underground facilities using ubiquitous technologies. But there is no consensus about what concrete situations it has to monitor even though u-cities under construction. Because local governments or related companies are in charge of carrying out these roles yet, there is no legal basis on which to do these tasks by the center. And it is needed to develop new technologies for u-services efficiently. Because technologies for u-service are vast, various and converged, so it necessary to develop them according to priority or in cooperation with other developers. In this paper, we classify the monitoring items for each facility which were investigated by a recent research. It is expected to make use of defining the role of the center and developing technologies with u-service.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the four aspects of design terminology : dictionary, legal, academic, and popular according to the changes of various media and the stream of times and to establish a basic framework for design terms that can be refined in time. Based on an understanding of the essential meaning of design terms, it provides the basis for establishing the basic direction of the use of design terms that can be used between the design industry and other industries. The research methods are as follows: First, the preliminary meaning of design terms was examined through previous studies. Second, the present state of use of design terms was analyzed using the Internet and various network media. Third, through interviews with experts in each design field, the criteria of contemporary design terms was explored. Ultimately, the direction to establish design terms was derived through these research processes. The result of this study is meaningful to provide the new index of the time and conceptual change of design terms. In the future, it will be necessary to expand the research on design common terms continuously in design-related academia and related industries, and try to establish professional and popular design terms through diverse opinions.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.572-582
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• 2014

Fire-stations' works limited to the existing fire protection rescue and emergency services in rapidly changing disaster environment are not difficult to deal with the fire service demand of the people any longer. In this study, after calculating the importance of the disaster management about fire-stations' works by disaster management steps thorough a survey of experts about Fire and Disaster, firefighting tasks are to be redesigned. Experts have the higher rating in preparation step of firefighting tasks. Because securing resources and building systems in preparation step and safety training in prevention step have a high importance, it is required to improve efficiency of firefighting tasks through redesign. The most important point in redesign is to realize fire-stations' works are to expand and to develop such a policy if fire-offices excavate the civil and government cooperation works and provide such legal and institutional basis of establishment and operation. And it should be sought to maintain international cooperation for international disaster response. Ultimately, fire-offices will have further expansion in quality and simultaneously quantitatively by excavating 'collaboration (business cooperation)' or enhancing existing works in addition to existing 'fire and rescue, first aid' business.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

As car-oriented road policies have been made forward so far, relatively pedestrians' walking conditions are so in poor environments that more than two thousand pedestrians die from car accidents every year. Pedestrians' walking right has been severely invaded like that. Pedestrians' walking right is a right that people are able to walk safely and comfortably in pleasant surroundings as long as they don't threaten the public safety, order maintenance, and welfare. The government has an obligation to provide safe, comfortable, and pleasant environments to pedestrians. Recently interests in pedestrians' safety are increasing, government-driven supports have been made to make safe, pleasant, and healthy walking surroundings. As poor walking condition improvement projects cost high, they should be progressed to accomplish maximal effects using finite finances efficiently, and post feasibility evaluations of the projects should be severely estimated. However site selecting indicators which satisfy with the goal for composing safe working surroundings have not been decided yet, though currently it has a legal basis to specify walking condition improvement sites by the Law for Pedestrians' safety and Comfort Increasement. Therefore this study focuses on suggesting improved ways for selecting sites where pedestrians' safe environment project by reviewing previous research. When project sites are selected, evaluation indicators related to awareness survey of residents and history should be excluded, and disaster safety assessments for walking safety facilities, latent human hazards and natural disasters like a strong wind are proposed besides evaluations on pedestrians' safety and walking environment for matching with the purpose of the project to make safe working surroundings.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.293-322
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• 1998

General Administrative Procedures of the Preshipment Inspection 1. Initial notification Preshipment Inspection is initiated by Agency when it receives notice either from the importing country, or the seller, that an export needs to be imspected 1.1 Notice from the importing country 1.2 Notice from the seller 2. Preliminary price verification After receipt of initial notification, Agency undertakes, Where possible, a preliminary price verification, based upon the Inspection Order and other contractual documents received. 3. Customs classification When required by the Government of the importing country. Agency forms an opinion of the Customs Classification Code based upon the Customs Tariff Book and Rules of Classification of the country of importation. The Customs Classification Code determines the tariff rate on the basis of which the importer will be required to pay import duties. 4. Import eligibility 5. Arrangements for physical inspection 5.1 Inspection request from seller 5.2 Place of inspection 5.3 Date of inspection 5.4 Physical inspection procedures 6. Physical inspection results When the physical inspection is completed, the inspector submits his report to the Agency office and the result of inspection will be communicated to the seller and, where applicable, the place of inspection. The result will state: satisfactory or conditional of unsatisfactory. The seller is welcome to present his views in writting to Agency in the event there is any query regarding the issuance of a conditional of unsatisfactory inspection result. 6.1 Satisfactory 6.2 Conditional 6.3 Unsatisfactory 7. Shipment of the goods The seller is advised to check with Agency prior to shipment if the physical inspection result has not been received or there are any doubts concerning whether a Clean Report of Findings will be issued. 8. Final price verification and classification Based on the results of physical inspection and appropriate final documents, Agency finalises the price verification and the Agency opinion of Customs classification code. When the preliminary price verification has not resulted in any unresolved questions and the inspection result and other documents received are consistent with the preliminary documentation, Agency will not normally require any additional information. The main exception would be if the terms of sale require reference to prices at the date of shipment. 9. The Report of Findings 9.1 Types of Reports of Findings - Clean Reports of Findings(CRF) The Agency will issue a Clean Reports of Findings(CRF), or equivalent document, normally within two working days after receipt of the necessary correct final documents and a satisfactory result in all aspects of the inspection. - Discrepancy Report.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.54
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• pp.58-75
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• 2011

This study explores the management of cable local channel and its related issue of renewed license. Programming of the local channel is the special obligation duty on the cable system operators(SO) under the article 70 (3) of the Broadcast Act. The law provides that SO should operate a local channel which produce, program and transmit the local information, a broadcast program guide and the official announcement items etc. under the conditions as prescribed by Presidential Decree. And the article 55 of the Enforcement Decree defines the scope of broadcast program which transmit through the local channels. And the Korea Communications Commission(KCC) grants a renewed licence 3-5 years based on the level of contribution to the development of local community under the article 31 of the Broadcasting Act and the Rules of Broadcast Evaluation. However, the management of local channel does not give the operators real benefit for the investment of a significant cost, and it could be a reason why the local channel programming has not been vitalizing despite of the legal coercion. To solve the several research questions, this study used in-depth interviews with the experts concerned and literature review for the government documents. The result shows that each SO local channel schedule almost 24 hour a day, but much of them is the repeat programming. In addition to that, the outcome reveals that the scale of the cost investment on the local channel is decreasing and the evaluation score of its management is not so positive figures. These result indicates that the policy of the cable local channel needs revised policy alternatives or paradigm on the basis of realistic goals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1999

This paper analyzed vegetation and land use classification, slope and permanent preservation and legal reserves on the farm Jangada and Jamaica-Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using satellite image for assisting the planning of planting Eucalyptus spp. This part of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul represents an important geopolitcal area, since it is located on the borders of Bolivia and Paraguay. Also exportation of goods can be achieved through hydrovias extending to Buenos Aires, Argentina-through the Paraguay River. Also there are road and railroad connection which link the soutreastern part of Brazil to the Andean countries. The vegetation map from sheet SF 21-Campo Grande of the RADAMBRASIL Project was used as the basis for the preliminary interpretation of coverage, and complemented by a visit of the field. After the initial interpretation of the image, definition of classes of use and land occupation were made, and files of spectral signatures were created. On the farms Jamaica and Jangada Open Arboreal Savanna and Grass Savanna are the predominant physiognomies occupying 68% of total area. In spite of the results being satisfactory at the present moment, the development of this project should be revised and adjusted based on the evaluations already made, including a greater detailing of environmental components, principally with respect to soil and topography.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

This study was intended to provide management directions through the provision of tree spatial information as basic data for the preservation of Gyerim(legal historical site), which is located in Gyeongju city, Gyeonsangnam-do, Korea. As a result of the survey of the entire forest, there are a total of 25 species and 510 individuals growing trees. Of these species, 14 species are native and 14 are introduced species. Apart from Sophora japonica, Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, most of the introduced species were adopted without historical basis after designation as a historical site. By a ratio of 36% to introduced species(including 3% of naturalized species; Ailanthus altissima), the historical heritage was significantly damaged. Gyerim, which has over 2,000 years of history, has a total 15 individuals(2.9%) large trees(over 100cm DBH). Ten of these are Salix glandulosa, and in the past, most of this area was considered a Salix glandulosa forest. Currently, however, there are many small trees(under 20cm DBH) for the next generation of growth and the Salix glandulosa forest will continue to decline. Furthermore, most small trees were afforested, so the historicity and place features as a mythological forest will quickly fade.