• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1478-1485
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• 2021

Purpose. To analysis of astigmatism in Korean adults from 20 to 29 years old. Methods. From January 2019 to February 2020, one hundred two subjects were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refractometry. Results. In the type of astigmatism based on refractive error, the male's right eye was 4.26% simple myopic astigmatism and 95.74% complex myopic astigmatism, and the left eye was 2.22% simple myopic astigmatism and 97.78% complex myopic astigmatism. However, in the female's right eye, simple myopic astigmatism was 2.27%, complex myopic astigmatism was 97.73%, and left eye was simple myopic astigmatism was 2.17%, complex myopic astigmatism was 97.83%. The types of astigmatism in men and women similar to other. The mean refractive astigmatism values were -0.922±-0.798 diopter and -0.877±-0.707 diopter for male right and left eye, and -0.765±-0.599 diopter and -0.853±-0.586 diopter for female. On the other hand, the refraction values of the right and left eyes of men and women have statistical significance(p=0.000). The mean power comparative between refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism power were -0.186±-0.745 diopter, -1.091±-0.589 diopter in male and -1.140±-0.593 diopter, -1.140±-0.534 diopter in female. Therefore, the mean power values of the refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism of men and women were statistical significance(p=0.000). At the 0.75 diopter or more, which can have clinical symptoms of astigmatism power, males have 60.86% and 72.09% of the right and left eyes, and females have 47,64% and 60.10% of the right and left eyes. At 0.75 diopter or more, which can have clinical symptoms of corneal astigmatism power, males have 68.75% and 74% of the right and left eyes, and females have 86.50% and 82.35% of the right and left eyes. In the type of astigmatism axis, both men and women had a high frequency of the rule astigmatism. However, men had a high frequency of against-the-rule astigmatism and women showed a high frequency of oblique astigmatism. Conclusions. In this study, the complex myopic astigmatism and with-the rule astigmatism was the most common of all subjects. However, there was a statistical significance between right and left eyes of all subjects. The corneal astigmatism was higher refractive values in both males and females than refractive astigmatism. This study suggests that the analysis of the astigmatism can provide the useful diagnosis information for the correction of visual acuity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.164-169
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• 2017

Objective: This research investigated the effects of simple visual imagery and mental rotation imagery on neural activity of adults who are at high risk of smart phone addiction by measuring their electroencephalography (EEG). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty people with a high risk of smart phone addiction was selected and then were evaluated for their neural activation patterns using EEG after reminding them about simple visual imagery and mental rotation imagery. A simple visual image was applied for 20 seconds using a smartphone. This was followed by a resting period of 20 seconds. Mental rotation imagery was applied for 20 seconds. During mental rotation imagery, the rotational angle was selected at random. We compared activation patterns according to the analyzed EEG with hemisphere reminding them about imagery. Results: On the EEG, theta rhythm from the left hemisphere parietal area increased when the subjects were reminded of mental rotation imagery, and sensorimotor rhythm from close to the left hemisphere area increased when the subjects were reminded of simple visual imagery. Conclusions: Neural activation from the left hemisphere occurs for motor imagery in adults who are at high risk of smart phone addiction. These results identify a neural mechanism of adults who a have high risk of smart phone addiction, which may provide contribute to the development of motor rehabilitation for smartphone users.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2013

A ring R is called a left (right) SF-ring if simple left (right) R-modules are flat. It is still unknown whether a left (right) SF-ring is von Neumann regular. In this paper, we give some conditions for a left (right) SF-ring to be (a) von Neumann regular; (b) strongly regular; (c) division ring. It is proved that: (1) a right SF-ring R is regular if maximal essential right (left) ideals of R are weakly left (right) ideals of R (this result gives an affirmative answer to the question raised by Zhang in 1994); (2) a left SF-ring R is strongly regular if every non-zero left (right) ideal of R contains a non-zero left (right) ideal of R which is a W-ideal; (3) if R is a left SF-ring such that $l(x)(r(x))$ is an essential left (right) ideal for every right (left) zero divisor x of R, then R is a division ring.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.939-942
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• 1999

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is frequently found in any ASD(atrial septal defect) patients. These patients are usually symptomatic, therefore, easily diagnosed as just simple ASD. We experienced a case of a 37-year-old female patient with ASD in which the left upper pulmonary vein was connected to SVC by the left inominate vein. The patient was diagnosed as simple ASD previously. During cardiac catheterization, we found a meaningful oxygen saturation step up between the SVC and its upper portion. Angiogram confirmed PAPVC. The surgical correction of anastomosis of PAPVC with left atrial appendage and direct closure of ASD were done. The patient was discharged 15 days later.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.299-307
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• 2006

The following results ale extended from P-injective rings to AP-injective rings: (1) R is left self-injective regular if and only if R is a right (resp. left) AP-injective ring such that for every finitely generated left R-module M, $_R(M/Z(M))$ is projective, where Z(M) is the left singular submodule of $_{R}M$; (2) if R is a left nonsingular left AP-injective ring such that every maximal left ideal of R is either injective or a two-sided ideal of R, then R is either left self-injective regular or strongly regular. In addition, we answer a question of Roger Yue Chi Ming [13] in the positive. Let R be a ring whose every simple singular left R-module is Y J-injective. If R is a right MI-ring whose every essential right ideal is an essential left ideal, then R is a left and right self-injective regular, left and right V-ring of bounded index.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2007

General anatomy classifies diaphragm as muscle of boundary between chest and abdomen, while radiology divides it into right and left hemidiaphragm, because it is more advantageous in radiological diagnosis on chest and abdomen. Based on these anatomic characteristics of diaphragm, this study aimed to measure the height and curvature of right and left diaphragm in simple chest radiography. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions : 1. For all subjects who joined this study, it was found that their mean transverse diameter in internal diameter of thorax(ID) amounted to 293.3 mm(min. 221.0 mm, max 335.3 mm). 2. For the right and left height of diaphragm, it was found that 81.4% showed higher right diaphragm ; 16.2% showed equivalent height between right and left diaphragm ; and only 2.4% showed higher left diaphragm. 3. For higher right diaphragm, it was found that the mean height of right diaphragm amounted to 15.2 mm(min. height = 2.0 mm, max. height = 41.7 mm). 4. For higher left diaphragm, it was found that the mean height of left diaphragm amounted to 11.5 mm(min. height = 4.7 mm, max. height = 30.4 mm). 5. The mean curvature of right diaphragm amounted to 22.9 mm(min. curvature = 10.4 mm, max. curvature = 37.3 mm). 6. The mean curvature of left diaphragm amounted to 22.4 mm(min. curvature = 11.3 mm, max. curvature = 42.2 mm). 7. For possible associations between ID and right/left diaphragm curvature, it was noted that ID was in significantly positive correlations with right diaphragm curvature(r= .427, p<.001) and left diaphragm curvature(r= .425, p<.001) on statistical level. 8. For possible associations between right and left diaphragm curvature, it was found that right diaphragm curvature was in significantly positive correlations with left diaphragm curvature(r= .403, p<.001).

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2005

Let BQ be the class of all semigroups whose bi-ideals are quasi-ideals. It is known that regular semigroups, right [left] 0-simple semigroups and right [left] 0-simple semigroups belong to BQ. Every zero semigroup is clearly a member of this class. In this paper, we characterize when generalized full transformation semigroups and generalized Baer-Levi semigroups are in BQ in terms of the cardinalities of sets.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2003

We reported the method for the relatively simple equalizing pulse to reduce dynamic false contour. Equalizing pulse is determined by look-up-table and moving direction and velocity of the image. Used lookup-table is a few. If image moves to right or left, necessary LUT is only one for the velocity of 1 pixel/tvfield to right or left. This technique makes the process simple after obtaining motion information.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.545-558
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce generalised quasi-ideals in ordered ternary semigroups. Also, we define ordered m-right ideals, ordered (p, q)-lateral ideals and ordered n-left ideals in ordered ternary semigroups and studied the relation between them. Some intersection properties of ordered (m,(p, q), n)-quasi ideals are examined. We also characterize these notions in terms of minimal ordered (m,(p, q), n)-quasi-ideals in ordered ternary semigroups. Moreover, m-right simple, (p, q)-lateral simple, n-left simple, and (m,(p, q), n)-quasi simple ordered ternary semigroups are defined and some properties of them are studied.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1994

In this note, we study conditions under which SF-rings are semi-simple. We prove that left SF-rings are semisimple for each of the following classes of rings: (1) left non-singular rings of finite rank; (2) rings whose maximal left ideals are finitely generated; (3) rings of pure global dimension zero and (4) rings which is pure-split. Also it is shown that left SF-rings without zero-divisors are semisimple.