• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.630-634
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• 2013

Cow leather coated with polyurethane film that contains various organic photosensitizers was investigated to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties in the application of the material to protective clothing and home appliances. To prepare the antimicrobial coating on leather surfaces with high potency against microbes, photoactive agents, such as benzophenone (BP), 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino) benzophenone (MK), 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) and methylene blue (MB), were incorporated into polyurethane-based coating solutions. The photoactive antimicrobial agent treated leather samples were characterized by SEM, color appearance, color fastness against abrasion, and antimicrobial tests. The optical properties of organic photosensitizers indicated that active UV absorbance ranges were different: BP (around 250 nm), MK (around 360 nm), DHBP (around 305 nm) and MB (around 295 nm &570 nm-685 nm). The intensity of the UV absorbance curve at the UVA light wavelength for the antimicrobial test showed the highest value with MK; subsequently, this was followed by MB, DHBP and BP in decreasing order. The treated-leather samples demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity under UVA light. The antimicrobial effects for the Staphylococcus aureus were superior to Escherichia coli. Moreover, the polyurethane finishing showed an effective durability to abrasion. The overall results indicated that DHBP is the most suitable PU coating additive to provide antimicrobial properties to leather as well as color and surface appearance than MK, MB, and BP.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 2015

This study was focused on how the various materials of footwear affect the preferences of functionality and the level of discomfort when wearing. Datas were collected using questionnaire, age of 20's to 50's of female and male. Results were analysed using SPSS WIN 2.0 through t-test and ANOVA test. Results are as follows: In the preferences of materials of footwear, datas showed the shoes are of genuine leather, the sneakers are of textiles, the sandals are of man-made leather and the boots are of genuine leather. The important factor to the preferences of the materials were the leathers in the durability, the man-made leathers in easy-care and maintenance, the rubber and the complex materials in comforts. The level of the discomforts of the footwear were highly ranked in genuine leather, the man-made leather and the complex material with man-made leather and textiles followed. Man-made leather and the textiles represented the discomfort in the ankle. Mostly discomforts of the footwear showed in the sole and the top side of the foot in all kinds of footwear. The preferences in functionality were collected by the female, also female preferred the comfort the first, male preferred the durability. And the texture and the durability were highly preferred in aged female and male.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.76-86
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• 2016

In this research, the dyeing properies of Amur cork tree on sheep leathers were evaluated. The proper dyeing conditions were identified with K/S values depending on the colorant concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and dye bath pH. For the proper conditions, the changes of color for different mordants(Al, Cu and Fe) were observed as $L^*a^*b^*$ coordinates and H V/C values. The color fastnesses were also examined, and the antimicrobial properties were examined. The results were as follows: For the sheep leather, the optimized dyeing conditions were 300% o.w.f., 40 min., $40^{\circ}C$, and pH 5. The leather color was yellow in the dyeing and mordanting. Although the $L^*a^*b^*$ changed with the mordants and mordanting methods, the overall hue was yellow. The colorfastness to light was reduced compared to original(untreated) sheep leather. The rubbing fastness was generallry satisfactory as 4-5 rating. The dry-cleaning fastness(stain) of leathers were generally at the 4-5 level, but dry-cleaning fastness(fade) was a little reduced compared to original sheep leather. The dyed and pre-mordanted and dyed sheep leather showed excellent antimicrobial properties.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.88-95
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• 2016

This paper investigated to the effectiveness of an eco-friendly method for oiling cow leather. After leather was lac-dyed with a vegetable leather processing solution and a mordant, olive oil was used to treat the leather. Changes in surface color and dyeability, light fastness, rubbing fastness, and water fastness were measured. An increase in dyeability caused by the mordant appeared in all the samples. The dyeability of leatger treated with Cu-mordant was higher than that treated with Fe-mordant and Al-mordant, and the three times greater than when no mordant was used. Dyeability after oiling more than doubled compare with before oiling. An increase in dyeability by oiling was highe greater than doubled compared with before oiling. The non-mordant-treated samples exhibited a 5-fold increase in dyeability, and the other samples showed more than two times more dyeability than did non-oiled samples. A color difference of more than 20.0-fold appeared in all samples, and the differences in lightness and chroma were greater than were the differences in other color factors. The colors after oiling were measured R, P, and PB. Light fastness improved in all samples after oiling, and all of the measurements were reduced in the order of Fe-mordant> Cu-mordant> Al-mordant ${\geq}$non mordant.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2021

To solve environmental problems, research and efforts are required to reduce leather waste that is generated in large quantities during the leather manufacturing process. Leatherboard is a plate-like material that is made by crushing leather waste, such as trimming or shaving scraps and mixing fibers, pulp, rubber, and adhesives. The aim of this study is to provide basic data on the localization of leatherboard manufacturing technology for outsoles, which are increasingly in demand due to their excellent performance and price competitiveness. Interviews with experts and related organizations were conducted to investigate the related global technology trends. Also, the performance of three products that can be used as reference materials were evaluated and compared. As part of the research and efforts to reduce the amount of leather waste generated, high-performance materials using leather waste were developed and commercialized by major western companies. In Korea, various efforts have been made since 2000, and some companies have produced leatherboard for interior uses. However, the amount of waste recycled relative to that generated is not large due to the limited demand. Natural leather soles perform better than leatherboard soles in all evaluation aspects. In the case of leatherboard, performance varied by manufacturer. German products showed flexibility resistance and dimensional stability, thereby meeting performance requirements. However, abrasion resistance and cleavage resistance were slightly below the required performance standards, and research and development is needed to improve performance in those areas. Currently, it is impossible to evaluate the performance of domestic products due to underdevelopment. However, if the development of process technology continues based on the performance evaluation results of the best leatherboard in the shoe industry, materials for outsoles will be able to be produced domestically with prices competitiveness while realizing natural leather materials performance to some extent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

This research was carried out to find the mordant effect of Chestnut's inner skin on the cow leather dyed by Turmeric powder. The best proper mordanting conditions were examined by changing mordant method, concentration, temperature, bath ratio, time, and repetition. Also dyeability and surface color changes were evaluated by various mordanting methods. The optimum mordanting conditions of chestnut's inner skin extract on the cow leather were pre mordant, 80%, $50^{\circ}C$, 50:1, 40minutes, 4 repetition. The K/S values as a mordant were higher in pre mordant than post mordanting condition. Although the ${\Delta}E$ was slightly higher in post mordant than pre mordant, it was too small to find any means. The surface colors of all dyed cow leathers were yellow. Among light, dry cleaning, and abrasion fastnesses, only light fastness was increased one degree, others were same degrees.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

This research was carried out to find the dyeabilities and mordants effects of cow leather dyed with Lac powder. They were examined by changing dye concentration, dyeing temperature, bath ratio, dyeing time, and dyeing repetition. And K/S values and surface color changes were evaluated by various mordanting conditions. The optimum dyeing conditions of the cow leather dyed with Lac powder were 30%, $40^{\circ}C$, 30:1, 30minutes, and 4 repetitions. The K/S values were higher in post mordant than pre mordanting condition. The surface colors of dyed cow leathers were R and RP. The dye fastnesses increased in post Cu and Fe mordanting, as decreased in gallnut and chestnut's skin conditions.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 1997

The role of fashion image in modern society is being diversified from product planning to consumer satisfaction. In this research, after surveying female college students, the diversified modern fashion image was patterned. On the analogy of the relationship between these patterned image and design factors, the following conclusion was obtained. 1. The most popular styles are jacket and pants suits, three-piece outfits, tight mini-skirts and X-silhouette. Little decoration is used in general. simplicity is shown as trend by utility fabrics in single color-black, brown, beige and blue-with no pattern. Various materials such as wool, cotton, wool or cotton blended with other materials, silk, satin, knit, lace, vinyl and leather are used. 2. Fashion image is divided into four factors; factors that show fad, dignity, activity and simplicity. 3. Factors that show fad; style of tops, material of bottoms and length of bottoms reflect fad. blousons, three-piece outfits, pants rather than skirts, X-silhouette and mini-skirts are prevailing. Vinyl, leather, knit, lace and satin are the materials well used. 4. Factors that show dignity; Style and material of tops, the way of top and bottom pieces are matched and length of bottom or pieces reveal the characteristics. Jackets, blouses, half-coats and one-piece outfits rather than two-pieces are popular. Tight skirts in natural or midi length or pleated skirts are common. Wool, wool blended with other materials, leather and X-silhouette are design factors that reveal dignity well. 5. Design factors that show active image; Straight pants, three-piece outfits, T-shirts, shirt -blouses, vests, and blausons are popular. Knit and lace are used for tops, leather and vinyl are used for bottom pieces and cotton is widely used. Y- or H-silhouette are used to show active image.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2022

In the 21^st century, the demand for eco-friendly leather, such as eco-leather and vegan leather, is steadily increasing. This study examines the influence of eco-friendliness on consumers' purchasing intentions and the possibility of eco-friendly changes in the fashion accessory market, which is dominated by leather material and leather substitutes. This study administered a questionnaire survey to 227 males and females between 20 and 60 years of age in Korea. With a 5-point Likert scale, data were collected on evaluation criteria when purchasing shoes and bags and purchasing intention of various leather substitute materials according to the democratic variables. The eco-friendliness attitude was divided into eco-consciousness and green behavior. As the eco-friendly attitude increased, most purchasing standards increased, but the purchasing criteria, such as trends, brands, and prices, did not correlate with the eco-friendly attitude. The eco-consciousness of a consumer had a high correlation with the design evaluation criteria, while the green behavior of the consumer aligned with durability and comfort criteria when purchasing a bag. There was a preference for recycled leather, vegetable leather, synthetic leather, and chemical leather, and the fabric type was ranked as natural fiber, biodegradable fiber, and synthetic fiber. Consumers with both green behavior and eco-consciousness are more likely to purchase biodegradable textiles and vegetable leather for the material of shoes and bags.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.741-748
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the students' preference and the sensibility to fetish fabrics such as leather, fur, velvet, suade, and corduroy, and to analyze differences according to gender of the university students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 324 university students (male students 52.8%, female students 47.2%) in the Cheongju area, Korea. Frequency, t-test, F-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The results were as follows: 1) the subjects preferred velvet, leather and suede fabrics, while they did not prefer corduroy and fur fabrics. 2) Their feelings to fetish fabrics were respectively different depending on the kind of fabrics. 3) There were partially significant differences between the gender in the preference and the sensibility to fetish fabrics. 4) They evaluated that velvet fabrics could express a variety of sensibilities. 5) They considered that fabrics as velvet, leather, and fur have more noble and fanciful images than corduroy.