• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interview with a scientist and engineer on service performance assessment on science career orientation and image of scientists. Science track students in the 11th grade carried out the interviews and made powerpoint presentations. After the students' presentation in the chemistry class, the teacher made comments on the contents of the interviews. Students gave presentation in each class for a year. Before starting this assessment, students took science career orientation questionnaire and DAST (draw-a-scientist-test). These two tests were conducted again at the end of the year. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between pre- and post-test score for the science career orientation. However, a significant difference was observed in the 'preference for science learning' category. These results showed that the career decision of a high school student has already been fixed rigidly. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between pre- and post-test on the image of scientists. This demonstrated that the stereotypic image for a scientist was reduced by the interview performance assessment and that, students came to have an affirmative perception of scientists on service.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.712-729
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• 2009

This study aims to research high school students' misconception of botanic photosynthesis and respiration, and as the measure of rectifying the misconception, to develop the teaching program based on Driver's conceptual change model, applying it to classes and observing the effect. Selected as the research subject was sixty-six students in 1st year of a highschool located in Busan who had chosen Biology Learning as discretionary subject, with their conceptual level on botanic photosynthesis and respiration researched through tests in drawing and descriptive writing. As a consequence of applying drawing as a way of classifying the levels of students' misconception on photosynthesis and respiration, many students' drawings included their misconception caused by textbooks or scientists, but after application of Driver's conceptual change model, they drew scientific drawings including the fundamental factors of botanic photosynthesis and respiration such as light, carbon dioxide, water, glucose, oxygen, leaf, chloroplast, mitochondria, stoma, and energy. Likewise, as a result of the descriptive writing test implemented for researching the students' conception on the various aspects of botanic photosynthesis and respiration, many students in the pretest showed misconception on the point of time and location at which botanic photosynthesis and respiration occur, botanic nutrient, the role of a leaf in photosynthesis, and the relation between botanic photosynthesis and respiration, but after teaching based on Driver's conceptual change model, their misconceptions on photosynthesis and respiration were rectified to a high degree.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate teachers' perceptions on MBL (microcomputer-based laboratory) experiment training program for teachers, the expecting effects of MBL experiment and application of MBL experiment after conducting MBL experiment training for science classes in schools. This study showed that most of the teachers who participated in the training program thought that the MBL experiment training program was very useful and instructive. Many teachers considered that MBL experiments using a computer could decrease time spent in the experiment by accurate and fast data collection and analysis. They also thought that the reduced time could be used more effectively in the analysis of experimental data and discussion activities leading to correct concept formation as well as in the development of graphical analysis and science process skills. However, they thought that MBL experiments were ineffective in learning how to operate experiment apparatus. This study also revealed that most teachers intended to apply MBL experiments in real classrooms context right after the training course and they pointed out many obstacles in introducing MBL experiments into their classrooms such as a budget to purchase equipment, poor laboratory conditions, and few MBL experiment training opportunities. In order to apply MBL experiment into the real classrooms, further changes were suggested as follows; development of technologies to reduce unit cost of equipment for MBL experiments, production and supply of many kinds of sensors, development of MBL experiment materials, and expansion of the training program for teachers.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In immersive virtual environments including mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR), avatars or agents, which are virtual humans, are being studied and applied in various ways as factors that increase users' social presence. Recently, studies are being conducted to apply generative AI as an agent to improve user learning effects or suggest a collaborative environment in an immersive virtual environment. This study proposes a novel method for interface application of a virtual assistant agent (VAA) using OpenAI's ChatGPT in an immersive virtual environment including VR and MR. The proposed method consists of an information agent that responds to user queries and a control agent that controls virtual objects and environments according to user needs. We set up a development environment that integrates the Unity 3D engine, OpenAI, and packages and development tools for user participation in MR and VR. Additionally, we set up a workflow that leads from voice input to the creation of a question query to an answer query, or a control request query to a control script. Based on this, MR and VR experience environments were produced, and experiments to confirm the performance of VAA were divided into response time of information agent and accuracy of control agent. It was confirmed that the interface application of the proposed VAA can increase efficiency in simple and repetitive tasks along with user-friendly features. We present a novel direction for the interface application of an immersive virtual environment through the proposed VAA and clarify the discovered problems and limitations so far.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2024

The cutaneous lymphatic system in humans plays a crucial role in draining interstitial fluid and activating the immune system. Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light and natural aging, often affect structural changes of such lymphatic vessels, causing skin dysfunction. However, some limitations still exist because of no alternatives to animal testing. To better understand the skin lymphatic system, a biomimetic microfluidic platform, skin-lymph-on-a-chip, was fabricated to develop a novel in vitro skin lymphatic model of humans and to investigate the molecular and physiological changes involved in lymphangiogenesis, the formation of lymphatic vessels. Briefly, the platform involved co-culturing differentiated primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) in vitro. Based on our system, Lymphanax^TM, which is a condensed Panax ginseng root extract obtained through thermal conversion for 21 days, was applied to evaluate the lymphangiogenic effect, and the changes in molecular factors were analyzed using a deep-learning-based algorithm. Lymphanax^TM promoted healthy lymphangiogenesis in skin-lymphon-a-chip and indirectly affected HDELCs as its components rarely penetrated differentiated NHEKs in the chip. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on Lymphanax^TM and its effects using an innovative in vitro system.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.48-56
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• 2023

The technology of Three-dimensional human posture estimation is used in sports, motion recognition, and special effects of video media. Among various methods for this, multi-view 3D human pose estimation is essential for precise estimation even in complex real-world environments. But Existing models for multi-view 3D human posture estimation have the disadvantage of high order of time complexity as they use 3D feature maps. This paper proposes a method to extend an existing monocular viewpoint multi-frame model based on Transformer with lower time complexity to 3D human posture estimation for multi-viewpoints. To expand to multi-viewpoints our proposed method first generates an 8-dimensional joint coordinate that connects 2-dimensional joint coordinates for 17 joints at 4-vieiwpoints acquired using the 2-dimensional human posture detector, CPN(Cascaded Pyramid Network). This paper then converts them into 17×32 data with patch embedding, and enters the data into a transformer model, finally. Consequently, the MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron) block that outputs the 3D-human posture simultaneously updates the 3D human posture estimation for 4-viewpoints at every iteration. Compared to Zheng[5]'s method the number of model parameters of the proposed method was 48.9%, MPJPE(Mean Per Joint Position Error) was reduced by 20.6 mm (43.8%) and the average learning time per epoch was more than 20 times faster.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.47-62
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of classes using AlgeoMath on fifth grade elementary students' mathematical problem-solving skills and mathematical attitudes. For this purpose, the 'cuboid' section of the 5th grade elementary textbook based on AlgeoMath was reorganized. A total of 8 experimental classes were conducted using this teaching and learning material. And the quantitative data collected before and after the experimental lesson were statistically analyzed. In addition, by presenting instances of experimental lessons using AlgeoMath, we investigated the effectiveness and reality of classes using engineering in terms of mathematical problem-solving ability and attitude. The results of this study are as follows. First, in the mathematical problem-solving ability test, there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the comparison group at the significance level. In other words, lessons using AlgeoMath were found to be effective in increasing mathematical problem-solving skills. Second, in the mathematical attitude test, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the comparison group at the significance level. However, the average score of the experimental group was found to be higher than that of the comparison group for all sub-elements of mathematical attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.211-240
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• 2024

This study focuses on an intergenerational book club with middle-aged and young people as a follow-up study on a book club with older people and young people. The book club program was designed to help people develop a reading habit and experience picture book bibliotherapy. The researcher hosted a picture book reading group between middle-aged and young participants, had individual interviews, and conducted a qualitative study to analyze research data and present implications. For middle-aged participants, the intergenerational book club was an opportunity to understand young people and their children and learn from the young people, and for young participants, it helped them understand middle-aged people and their parents and learn from the middle-aged people, allowing them to feel a sense of connection rather than a generation gap. In addition, positive effects of picture book bibliotherapy were seen while reducing stress and learning important lessons in life. The participants received help in forming a reading habit. This paper provides constructive suggestions for book clubs where different generations interact. It is hoped that through this study, intergenerational book clubs that can be used to understand other generations will be more popular and people will be able to discover the benefits of reading books including picture books and make reading a habit.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-120
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• 2024

On-line education in mathematics education changed in various aspects before and after COVID-19. This study conducted a systematic literature review of 98 academic papers on on-line education published from 2017 to 2023 in the field of mathematics education before and after COVID19. In particular, this study conducted content analysis to organize on the definitions of various similar terms related to online education. In addition, this study explored research trends on year, research subject, research method, on-line education type, and research topic by the pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 era. Also, a comparative analysis was conducted on literatures on the effects of online education. As a result, first, it was confirmed that there is a need to organize the definitions of terms similar to online education. Also, the implications of identifying the differences and hierarchies between each term can be found. Second, it was confirmed that teachers' expertise for on-line mathematics education was emphasized based on the result of the rapid increase in the number of on-line education studies on teachers since COVID-19. Third, it was confirmed that the number of studies on blended and flipped learning was high in pre-COVID-19, but decreased in the COVID-19 era. Instead, in the COVID-19 era, studies on real-time interactive classes were rapidly active, and even in the post-COVID-19 era, studies on real-time interactive classes still occupied a large proportion. Finally, it was confirmed that the effectiveness of on-line education varies depending on the research background and model. Accordingly, the need to be cautious in interpreting the results of each study on the effectiveness of on-line education was confirmed. Based on these findings, this study presented implications for future research on on-line education in mathematics education.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.187-213
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• 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of mathematical journal writing activities on sixth-grade students' mathematics anxiety and the 'writing' aspect of mathematical communication. For this purpose, 27 sixth-grade students participated in 14 sessions of mathematical journal writing activities while learning division with fractions and decimals. Mathematics anxiety was measured using a questionnaire, with pre- and post-test results statistically analyzed. Mathematical communication in the 'writing' domain was quantitatively measured using an analytical framework to track changes in levels. Additionally, 13 students were interviewed to examine the impact of journal writing on mathematics anxiety and mathematical communication in more detail. The study found that among the four main factors of mathematics anxiety, there was a significant reduction in the subject-specific and environmental factors. The average levels of 'expression' and 'explanation' in the 'writing' domain of mathematical communication gradually increased, with specific teacher feedback supporting improvements in students' communication levels. Based on these findings, the study suggests implications for the use and guidance of mathematical journal writing activities in school settings.