• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 1997

The instructional influences of cooperative learning strategies, which emphasize mutual interdependency of learners, group goal, and individual accountability, upon students' achievement, the attitude toward science instruction and the perception of learning environment were investigated. Before instruction, the prior knowledge test about atoms and molecules, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the perception questionnaire of learning environment were administered, and the grade in the previous mathematics course was obtained. These scores were used as covariates. Mid-term examination score was used as blocking variable. For instruction, three different strategies-traditional individual learning, small group learning, and cooperative learning-were used and teaching materials for the units of mole and stoichiometry were also prepared. After instruction, the researcher-made achievement test, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the perception questionnaire of learning environment were administered. The perception questionnaire of group activities was also administered to the two treatment groups. In the quantitative subtest, the scores of cooperative learning group and small group learning group were significantly higher than those of traditional individual learning group. However, the cooperative learning group's scores in the achievement test and the qualitative subtest were significantly higher than those of small group learning group and traditional individual learning group. The students in the cooperative learning group were found to have the most positive perception of learning environment but to have similar attitudes toward science instruction. No interaction between the treatment and the level of the previous achievement was found in any of the analyses. In the perception questionnaire of group activities, students in both small group learning group and cooperative learning group exhibited positive perception of group activities. However, students in the cooperative learning group tended to think that their activities were related with their group's success. Educational implications are discussed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.367-381
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• 2011

It is important to concern about individual difference on every subject and every class. How can we know the individual difference? It is helpful for that to find out students' math learning style and learning type. In this paper, I conducted a survey to look for math learning style and math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students, and analyzed those data. The research findings are summarized as follows; First, 4th, 5th and 6th grade students prefer the visual learning style to the verbal style, and they have more wholistic tendency than analytical tendency in the domain of the cognitive learning style. Second, they prefer the authoritative and goal-oriented learning style to the practical and recreational learning style, and they have more interior-oriented than exterior-oriented in the domain of affective learning style. Third, the representative math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students is visual/holistic/authoritative and goal-oriented/interior-oriented. The math learning styles of students have a lot of influence on their learning, so that an appropriate teaching method for each student could arouse a maximum effect in the math study.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.113-133
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• 2008

This study is to develop the methods of specifying teaching that can consider individual differences in middle school geometry education. The purpose of this study is to decide the variations causing individual differences and to find the proper learning methods considering the variations. Through literature review, this study made it clear that the matter of individual difference is just the matter of talent and examined what factors make up mathematical talents. On the basis of the result, five important variations and fourteen subordinate factors were determined. I researched into the learning methods that consider the determined subordinate factors using the 'congruence' unit of middle school textbooks and developed specific learning methods for each of the subordinate factors through specific congruence problem solving situations. This study can be summarized as follows : I researched the studies of mathematical ability conducted by several educators and psychologists. This research is divided into the early study and the developed study of mathematical ability. Through this study five specific variations were determined. And fourteen subordinate factors have been made from the determined variations. The specific learning methods based on individual differences was developed according to the fourteen subordinate factors on the basis of middle school textbooks of Korea, Gusev's textbook, problem books of Russia, and etc.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-123
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotions of students toward using digital textbooks, and to examine the factors affecting the emotions. This study examined the relationship between individual characteristics and computer usage, students' emotions, and the perceived learning effects. For this study, 2,950 1st grade middle school students participated in a survey which measured individual characteristics, computer usage behavior, emotions toward using digital textbooks, and perceived learning effects of digital textbooks. The results showed that positive emotions toward using digital textbooks were higher than negative emotions. The students' positive emotions were most affected by intrinsic motivation, self-regulated learning, and student's use of computers for learning and entertainment. Similarly, perceived learning effects were positively correlated to intrinsic motivation and self-regulated learning, but the students' positive emotions towards using digital textbooks was the strongest predictor. Digital textbook efficacy was the most influential factor that affected the students' negative emotions, while computer addiction was associated with negative emotions.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.263-278
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• 1999

Computer with various powerful functions has profound potential for mathematics instruction and learning. As computer technology progress, its applicability to mathematics education become more comprehensive. Not only its functional development but various psychological positions also changed the way computer technology utilized in mathematics education. In behaviorist's perspective, computer viewed as a teaching machine and constructivist viewed computer as microworld where students could explore various mathematical contents. Both theoretical positions emphasized individual aspect of learning because behaviorist tried to individualize learning using computer and constructivist focused on the process of individual construction. But learning is not only a individual event but also a social event. Therefore we must take social aspect into account. This is especially important when it comes to computer based learning. So far, mathematics loaming with computer weighed individual aspect of loaming. Even in microworld environment, learning should be mediated by teacher and collaborative learning activities. In this aspect, the roles of teacher and peers are very important and socio-cultural perspective sheds light on the computer based learning. In socio-cultural perspective, the idea of scaffold is very important in learning and students gradually internalize the social dimension and scaffolding is gradually faded. And in the zone of proximal development, teacher and more competent peers guide students to formulate their own understanding. In sum, we must take following points into account. First of all, computer should not be viewed as a medium for individualized teaming. That is, interaction with computer should be catalyst for collaborative activities with peers. So, exploration in computer environment has to be followed by small group activities including small group discussion. Secondly, regardless of the role that computer would play, teacher should play a crucial role in computer based learning. This does not mean teacher should direct every steps in learning process. Teacher's intervention should help student construct actively. Thirdly, it is needed to conceptualize computer in learning situation as medium. This would affect learning situation and result in the change of pre-service and in-service teacher training. Computer to be used effectively in mathematics classroom, researches on assessment of computer based learning are needed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

본 연구는 융복합교육 실천에 관심을 두고, 대학생의 개인특성(성별, 학년별, 전공별)에 따라 학습활동참여에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보고자 실행되었다. 이를 위해 학습활동 유형을 교수주도형, 교수개입형, 또래리더형, 학생상호형으로 구분하여 학습자 특성별 학습활동 참여 유형 차이를 살펴보았다. 학습자 특성에 따른 학습활동 참여 차이를 살펴보기 위한 교차분석 결과, 학습자 개인특성별로 학습활동 참여 유형에 차이가 있다. 성별로는 여학생, 학년별로는 1학년, 전공별로는 보건복지계열의 참여가 유의미하게 높았다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

기존 CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) 학습방법에서의 문제점은 학습자의 개인적 특성을 충분히 고려하지 못한 채 교수설계자가 정한 학습 경로에 따라 학습하도록 구현되었다는 점이다. 이런 점을 해결하기 위해서는 시스템 설계 시 누적된 개인자료를 통하여 개인차를 지능적으로 판단하고, 결손 된 부분을 처방할 수 있는 인공지능을 갖춘 ITS(Intelligent Tutoring System)가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 향후 시스템 설계자가 전자계산기구조 학습을 위한 시스템 설계 시 학습자가 학습과정에서 범할 수 있는 오류와 성취능력수준을 파악하여 수준별 학습이 가능토록 할 수 있는 학습자 모델링을 설계하는데 있어 고려하여야 할 요소들을 제시하였다.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2010

회계는 관리의 첫 출발점이라고 할 정도로 실용적인 면이 많은 영역인데, 특히 최근에는 경영 회계 비전공자가 회계를 학습할 수 있도록 하는 '공학회계'와 '회계와 사회'의 필요성이 산업현장에서 대두되고 있다. 이러한 회계의 학습효과를 높이기 위해서는 개인학습 및 반복학습이 중요하고 ERP실습이 새로운 경향으로 대두되고 있다. 개인학습 및 반복학습은 이러닝에 의해서 보완될 수 있는데, 이러닝의 학습내용을 학습자가 반복해서 학습하도록 하고, 이를 ERP에서 실습하는 것이 학습효과를 높이는 교수학습방법이다. 이러닝에 의해서 개인학습 및 반복학습을 하고 ERP에서 실습하는 것은 공학회계에서도 적용되어야 한다. 따라서 현재 한국기술교육대학교에서 공학회계교과로 설강되어 있는 교과구성과 이러닝 콘텐츠 사례를 살펴봄으로써 향후 회계교육과 공학회계교육의 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.361-367
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• 1998

The main two applications of the Genetic Algorithms(GA) are the optimization and the machine learning. Machine Learning has two objectives that make the complex system learn its environment and produce the proper output of a system. The machine learning using the Genetic Algorithms is called GA machine learning or genetic-based machine learning (GBML). The machine learning is different from the optimization problems in finding the rule set. In optimization problems, the population of GA should converge into the best individual because optimization problems, the population of GA should converge into the best individual because their objective is the production of the individual near the optimal solution. On the contrary, the machine learning systems need to find the set of cooperative rules. There are two methods in GBML, Michigan method and Pittsburgh method. The former is that each rule is expressed with a string, the latter is that the set of rules is coded into a string. Th classifier system of Holland is the representative model of the Michigan method. The classifier systems arrange the strength of classifiers of classifier list using the message list. In this method, the real time process and on-line learning is possible because a set of rule is adjusted on-line. A classifier system has three major components: Performance system, apportionment of credit system, rule discovery system. In this paper, we solve the food search problem with the learning and evolution of an artificial ant using the learning classifier system.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2007

Teachers can maximize students' L2 learning by knowing preferred learning styles. This paper presents the results of a survey that asked 309 English learners to identify their perceptual learning style preferences. It further compared students' favored learning styles in terms of their gender and major field of study and explored a possible link between learning styles and English achievement. Collected data using Reid's (1995) questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive statistics, MANOVA, ANOVA, correlations, multiple regressions including squared partial correlations, and Cronbach's alpha. The results indicated that Korean students favored English learning in group regardless of gender, while their preferred mode of learning was significantly different in regard to their major field of study. Certain learning styles might be profitable for English achievement. Multiple regression analyses revealed that individual mode of learning was the best predictor of students' English achievement. It furthermore showed significant relationships between visual and individual styles of learning and English performance. The findings of the study reflected students' English learning context in which English native-speaking teachers frequently used communicative pair and small group activities for speaking practices that were consonant with students' learning styles.