• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.168-171
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• 2018

In 2016, a severe leaf spot disease was found on Iris ensata Thumb. in Nanjing, China. The symptom was elliptical, fusiform, or irregularly necrotic lesion surrounded by a yellow halo, from which a small-spored Alternaria species was isolated. The fungus was identified as Alternaria iridiaustralis based on morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the fungus was the causal pathogen of the disease. Phylogenic analyses using sequences of ITS, gpd, endoPG, and RPB2 genes confirmed the morphological identification. This study is the first report of A. iridiaustralis causing leaf spots on I. ensata in China.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.664-667
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• 1998

Leaf spot of Cymbidium hybrida caused by Fusarium sp. was observed at major cultivating areas including Seosan and Cheonan of Korea from 1996 to 1998. The major symptoms of the disease were small brown to black spots, 1∼2 mm I diameter, with yellow halo. Based on the mycological characteristics, Fusarium sp. isolated from the lesions was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. Macroconidia were slender, falcate to almost straight, usually 3 to 5 septate and thin walled. Microconidia were formed in chains from polyphialides, clavate or oval, usually 1-celled with flattened base. Chlamydospores were absent. The fungus showed pathogenicity to Cymbidium hybrida.

• 식물병연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2022

Leaves of Chionanthus retusus were found to be damaged by leaf spot disease associated with a fungus in Iksan, Korea. Leaf spots were angular to irregular, vein-limited, scattered, 1-8 mm diameter, brownish-gray to dark brown when dry, with heavy fructification. The pathogen causes premature defoliation of C. retusus plant and was identified as Pseudocercospora chionanthi-retusi based on morphological and molecular-phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using multi-locus DNA sequence data of partial actin (actA), partial translation elongation factor 1-alfa (tef1), partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and internal transcribed spacer regions. Current study provides detail morphological description of P. chionanthi-retusi on C. retusus in Korea, with supports of phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity test.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2016

Aster glehni Franchet et Schmidt is a compositae plant and has been known as a native specie in Ulleung Island, Korea. It is officially recognized as a regional specialty that grows only in this region. In 2014, brown and dark spots were observed on aster leaves in a forest research field, Jinju, Korea. A causal agent was isolated from the disease symptomatic leaves and identified as fungus Alternaria solani. Fungal morphological characteristics and molecular identification with internal transcribed spacer sequences were synchronized as A. solani. The isolated fungi reproduced the same disease symptoms when the fungus was artificially inoculated on healthy aster leaves. This is the first report that A. solani caused leaf blight disease in Aster glehni in Korea.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2016

2014년 7월부터 9월까지 경상남도 합천 지역의 크리핑벤트그래스(Agrostis stolonifera) 퍼팅 그린에서 Curvularia trifolii에 의한 Curvularia 잎마름병이 관찰되었다. Curvularia 잎마름병은 크리핑벤트그래스 잎몸에서 수침상으로 시작되어 진한 괴사반점으로 변한 다음, 크기가 확대되어 회갈색 또는 밝은 갈색의 동그란 타원형 병반이 되었다. 반점의 둘레는 자주 분홍 또는 진한 갈색의 경계를 갖으며 둥그런 무리(halo)를 보였다. 괴사 반점들은 융합되어 불규칙한 모양이 되었고 잎끝 또는 잎 전체가 말랐다. 마른 잎몸은 회백색이나 황갈색을 나타냈다. 그 균은 균학적 특성과 16S rDNA 서열 분석에 의해 동정되었다. 병원균의 분생포자는 크기가 짧았고, 보통 3개의 격막을 가졌으며, 곧거나 자주 휘었는데 양끝 세포는 일반적으로 가운데 세포보다 투명하였다. 3개의 격막을 지닌 분생포자의 배지상 크기는 $26{\sim}28{\times}11{\sim}12{\mu}m$였다. 기주에 대한 균의 인공접종으로 병원성이 확인되었다. 본 논문은 C. trifolii가 크리핑벤트그래스에 Curvularia 잎마름병을 일으키는 우리나라 최초의 보고이다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 키위나무 잎에는 궤양병과 세균성점무늬병처럼 세균에 의한 병과 잿빛곰팡이병, 흰가루병, 과실곰보병을 비롯하여 여러 가지 형태 점무늬병 등 곰팡이에 의한 병이 발생하여 피해를 주고 있다. 이 총설에서는 키위나무잎에 발생하는 피해를 주는 주요 병에 대하여 병징과 발생특성을 요약하고 지난 30년간 수행한 연구 업적과 현장 경험 그리고 세계적인 주요 연구 산물들을 기초로 하여 키위나무 잎에 발생하는 주요 병에 의한 피해를 경감할 수 있도록 농가에서 실용적으로 사용할 수 있는 방제방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2020

Leaf spot on lemon balm is frequently observed in Korea, causing considerable damage to crops. In 2014 and 2015, the occurrence of leaf spot was observed in several production greenhouses at Suwon, Gongju, and Namwon in Korea. Symptoms on lower leaves initially developed as small, distinct, discolored lesions, which enlarged progressively turning into dark brown, angular spots surrounded by purplish-brown margins. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of actin (ACT), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), the fungus associated with the lemon balm leaf spot was determined as Septoria melissae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lemon balm leaf spot caused by S. melissae in Asia as well as in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

2017년 9월 춘천의 오봉산에서 참싸리 잎에 겹둥근무늬가 생기고 조기낙엽이 일어나는 등 큰 피해가 발견되었다. 병든 잎의 뒷면에는 원뿔형의 흰색 포자과가 다수 발견되었다. 2019년 9월 횡성의 태기산에서도 참싸리 잎에서 유사한 증상이 발견되었다. 이러한 증상에서 발견된 포자과의 형태적 특징으로 보아 이 곰팡이는 Grovesinia moricola와 일치하였다. 확보된 두 균주(KACC48417 및 KACC48934)의 ITS rDNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 동정을 확인하였다. 이 곰팡이의 병원성은 상대습도 100%와 15±2℃의 조건에서 인공접종을 통하여 확인하였다. 이는 한국에서 참싸리와 G. moricola의 관계를 연구한 최초의 보고이다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2020

2008년부터 2017년도에 제주, 홍천 등에서 산철쭉에서 모무늬 증상을 나타내는 잎을 채집하였다. 산철쭉모무늬 증상은 빈번하게 잎에만 발생하여 식물의 관상가치를 떨어트리고 조기낙엽을 유발하였다. 변색부는 잎의 윗면에 작고 담갈색 내지 흑자색 점무늬가 먼저 나타나며, 잎의 세맥으로 경계가 구분되어 모무늬 또는 부정형의 증상을 나타냈다. 산철쭉에서 분리한 균주를 동정하고자 형태적 특징과 actin (Act), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) 염기서열을 분석하였다. 형태적 특징을 재확인한 염기서열 분석결과 Sp. azaleae와 99~100%의 상동성을 나타냈으며, 계통수를 작성하였을 때도 Sp. azaleae 계통군에 속하였다. 따라서 산철쭉에 모무늬 증상에 관여하는 곰팡이는 Sp. azaleae로 동정되었다.