• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2007

In order to develop a new rice bran danmooji, changes in physicochemical characteristics and texture of danmooji treated with rice bran, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaf powder, succinic acid, or yeast extract were investigated during salting for 90 days. The PH of rice bran danmooji decreased from PH6.41 initially to pH 4.09 (control group), pH 4.10 (S. rebaudiana treatment S1), pH 3.84 (S. rebaudiana + succinic acid treatment S2), and pH 3.90 (S. rebaudiana+succinic acid+yeast extract treatment S3) after 90 days of salting. At this time, the salinities of rice bran danmooji of the S1, S52, and S3 groups were 2.32%, 1.94% and 2.15% respectively. The hardness of all groups decreased rapidly in the first 30 days of salting, and thereafter showed no changes. After 90 days of salting, the hardness of all groups was $1,186-1,368\;g/cm^2$ with no significant differences between groups. Redness, the a value, of the S2 and S3 groups treated with succinic acid, was lower than that of S3, whereas yellowness, the b value, of S3 treated with succinic acid and yeast extract was the highest of the three groups. Sensory evaluation of rice bran danmooji after 90 days of salting resulted in S3 attaining the highest scores for flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. These results indicate nut high-quality rice bran danmooji may be prepared by addition of S. rebaudiana leaf powder, succinic acid and yeast extract to rice bran.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 1987

Some derivatives of 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea were synthesized by reaction of methyl isocyanate with 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives prepared by thiocyanation of various substituted anilines. The compounds synthesized were identified by IR, NMR and mass spectra as 3-(5-methyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(5,6-dimethyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(6-ethyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(6-methoxy benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, 3-(6-chloro benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea, and 3-(5, 6-dichloro benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea. These compounds were subjected to the test for pre-emergence herbicidal activity in the pots with wettable powder formulation. All of these compounds showed pre-emergence herbicidal activity on the grasses (Digitaria adscendens HENR and Setaria viridis P. BEAUV) and broad-leaf weeds (Portulaca oleraces L. and Chenopodium album L.) at the dosage of 800g a.i. per 10a. Of the 6 compounds, 3-(6-ethyl benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-methyl urea showed the highest herbicidal effect on both the grasses and broad-leaf weeds. Even at the rate of 50g a.i. per 10a, this compound inhibited the growth of grasses, selectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.129-135
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• 2017

This study examined the antioxidant activity of the water extract from graviola leaves to develop a harmless and highly stable natural antioxidant. The total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and MTT assay activity were measured. As a result, 62.3 g of the water extract from graviola leaves was obtained at $98^{\circ}C$ using 300 g of graviola leaf powder. The total polyphenol content was $291.97+2.39{\mu}g/mL$ and the total flavnoid content was $161{\pm}7.85{\mu}g/mL$ in a 1 mg/mL water extract from graviola leaves. The DPPH radical scavenging activity showed 51.6%, 67.8%, 79%, 82.4% and 83.9% at concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/mL. This shows concentration-dependent scavenging activity and significant antioxidant activity. As a result of measuring the toxicity about HDF cells, a HDF cell survival rate of 100% was observed at a 150 mg /mL concentration, which was the same as that of the control group and a higher cell survival rate at a lower concentration. In conclusion, the graviola leaf extract can be developed as a material of food or cosmetics containing natural antioxidants.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

Rust causes significant losses in the yield and quality of various crops. The development of new effective and environmentally benign agents against the pathogen is of great interest. In the course of searching a natural antifungal compound from medicinal plants, we found that the methanol extract of Angelica gigas roots had a potent control efficacy against wheat leaf rust (WLR) caused by Puccinia recondita. The antifungal substance was isolated from the methanol extract by silica gel column chromatography, alumina column chromatography and $C_{18}$ preparative HPLC. It was identified as decursinol angelate by EI-MS and $^1H$-NMR data. In in vivo test, decursinol angelate effectively suppressed the development of WLR and red pepper anthracnose (RPA) among the 6 plant diseases tested. In addition, the wettable powder-type formulation of ethyl acetate extract of A. gigas roots significantly suppressed the development of WLR. The crude extract containing decursinol angelate and the chemical appear to be a potential candidate for control of WLR. In addition, this is the first report on the in vivo antifungal activity of decursinol angelate against WLR as well as RPA.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 1988

Some chloroacetamide derivatives were synthesized from 2,6-dialkyl, aniline 4-chloroaniline, or 3,4-dichloroaniline with alkyl 2-bromopropionate and chloroacetyl chloride and identified by elemental analyses, NMR, and GC/MS spectra as N-(1'-methoxycarbonylethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2,6-dimethylaniline(ACRI-S-8609), etc. These compounds synthesized were subjected to the test for pre-emergence herbicidal effecs on some grass weeds(Digitaria adscendens, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli) and broad leaf weeds(Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Chenopodium album) in pots applied as wettable powder formulations. It was found that N-(1'-ethoxycarbonylethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2,6-dimethylaniline(ACRI-S-8701) has the highest herbicidal effect on grass weeds, which corresponds to a 95% control effect at an application of 200g a.i/10a. Whereas, some chloroacetamide derivatives derived from 4-chloroaniline or 3,4-dichloroaniline had very weak herbicidal effects on grass and broad leaf weeds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2011

This study was conducted to confirm the application as ingredients of cosmetics through an examination of the function for anti-cancer and anti-microbial of the fraction isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis leaves. The dried leaf of P. ussuriensis were extracted with acetone-$H_{2}O$ (6:4, v/v), concentrated and fractionated with the upper layer of acetone on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of acetone soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents and also used the MIC-gel using a series of aqueous methanol as developing solvent. The isolated compounds were identified by silica-gel TLC. The growth inhibition activity was measured using the MTT assay by the mouse meltioma (B16F10) cell. The cancer cell growth inhibition rate of fractions isolated from P. ussuriensis leaf was 80%. In anti-microbial activity test, the fraction of P. ussuriensis with 0.25 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.3 cm and 2 cm for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis of gram positive bacillus, respectively. In Escherichia coli of gram negative bacillus, the fraction with 0.5 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.1 cm~1.5 cm each fraction. From these results, we confirmed that acetate fraction of P. ussuriensis has a great potential as a natural ingredients with a anti-cancer and anti-microbial source.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mulberry leaves contain quercetin derivatives, which have the effects of reducing obesity and improving lipid and glucose metabolism in mice with obesity. It is not clear whether or not mulberry leaves can directly affect metabolic disorders, in the presence of obesity, because of the interaction between obesity and metabolic disorders. The aim of the current study was to assess the direct action of quercetin derivatives on metabolic disorders in non-obese conditions in short-term high-fat diet fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet, supplemented with either 0% (control), 1%, or 3% mulberry leaf powder (Mul) or 1% catechin powder for five days. Anthropometric parameters and blood biochemistry were determined, and hepatic gene expression associated with lipid and glucose metabolism was analyzed. RESULTS: Body and white fat weights did not differ among the four groups. Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids in the 1%, 3% Mul and catechin groups did not differ significantly from those of the controls, however, plasma glucose and 8-isoprostane levels were significantly reduced. Liver gene expression of gp91phox, a main component of NADPH oxidase, was significantly down-regulated, and PPAR-${\alpha}$, related to ${\beta}$-oxidation, was significantly up-regulated. FAS and GPAT, involved in lipid metabolism, were significantly down-regulated, and Ehhadh was significantly up-regulated. Glucose-metabolism related genes, L-PK and G6Pase, were significantly down-regulated, while GK was significantly up-regulated in the two Mul groups compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the Mul quercetin derivatives can directly improve lipid and glucose metabolism by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing ${\beta}$-oxidation. The 1% Mul and 1% catechin groups had similar levels of polyphenol compound intake ($0.4{\times}10^{-5}$ vs $0.4{\times}10^{-5}$ mole/5 days) and exhibited similar effects, but neither showed dose-dependent effects on lipid and glucose metabolism or oxidative stress.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.714-718
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• 2009

Polyphenols are naturally occurring antioxidants and play many important roles in human health. Grape leaves have not yet been reported to contain the antioxidants. In this study, the physicochemical properties of powders from young grape leaves, obtained after hot-air or vacuum freeze drying, were analyzed. Weight loss rangedfrom 76-80%, but no difference was found between samples prepared by hot-air orvacuum freeze drying. The L-, a-, and b- values of grape powder all fell upon hot-air drying. Quercetin, resveratrol, catechin, and epicatechin were detected in all cultivars. The contents of the four polyphenols were generally higher in powders obtained by vacuum freeze dryingthan in those prepared by hot-air drying, indicating that vacuum freeze drying is better for optimal preservation of polyphenols. None of three polyphenols assayed was found in some cultivars or after certain drying treatments. Based on physiochemical properties, our findings suggest that powders obtained after vacuum freeze drying are optimal for industrial use.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2018

A meridic artificial diet, including whole milk powder, wheat bran, maize leaf powder, and sucrose as the main nutrients, was tested for rearing Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae). When locusts were supplied with only the artificial diet over their entire life cycle, a second generation was not produced. The same result was observed when the diet was supplied daily and fresh maize leaves were supplied every other day. However, when the diet and fresh maize leaves were supplied alternately every other day, four generations of L. migratoria were produced. Fecundity in adults reared with the alternating diet was higher than that in adults supplied with both the diet and maize leaves daily. These results indicate that this artificial diet could be used as a supplementary food for rearing of L. migratoria.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the properties of mixtures of mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) and various organic sources such as livestock manure compost (LMC), dried compost of poultry manure (CPM), dried food waste powder (FWP) and amino acid by-product fertilizer (ABF) and their influences on growth of lettuce and Chinese cabbage. The content of N, P2O5 and K2O of mixture of MOF, LMC and FWP (MLF) was 3.6~3.9%, 2.1~2.2% and 1.3~1.4%, respectively. Lettuce dry weight of MLF3 treatment blending with MOF (60%), LMC (10%) and FWP (30%) was increased by about 29% than that of MOF. The content of N, P2O5 and K2O of mixture of MOF, CPM, FWP and ABF (MCFA) was 4.5~4.7%, 1.7~1.9% and 1.3~1.4%, respectively. Compared to MOF, growth factors of lettuce and Chinese cabbage in the MCFA treatments were not significantly deferent. These results indicated that MLFs and MCFAs, the mixtures of respectively organic sources and MOF, could be applied as orgnic fertilizer in the cultivation of lettuce and Chinese cabbage, and were expected that LMC and ABF might be used as another sources of organic fertilizer.