• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

Fig(Ficus carica L.) which belongs to Moraceae family has been used as digestion promoter, cure for ulcerative inflammation and eruption in Korea. Figs have very short preservation period and can be kept only 1 week even in the refrigeration system. The possibility of wine-making from Korean figs was tested by analyzing the fermentation characteristics, proximate analysis and free sugar contents of wine made of slices with 20% sugar addition. Ethanol fermentation of the figs by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was done rapidly. The ethanol contents, pH, total acidity and sugar content were 12.1%, 3.91, 0.42% and 9.9 °Brix, respectively. The results from the sensory evaluation were as follows. The wine made from the sliced figs were better than that from fig juices in their sensory scores. The wine made with frozen figs was not different from that made with fresh ones. To improve the quality of wine, the addition of dried leaf powder in the concentration of 100 ppm were tried and found it was superior to the one made without leaf.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 1989

Dietary fiber(DF) content and their properties were analyzed in some common vegetables such as Squash(leaf), Water cress, Garland chrysanthemum, Leek and sweet potato(stem). DF was analyzed by the method of detergent fractionation. Values for neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), lignin, hemicellulose were obtained. NDF for most samples was $13.83%{\sim}24.31%$, ADF was $11.99%{\sim}21.03%$, lignin was around $0.56%{\sim}3.00%$, hemicellulose was about $1.33%{\sim}3.88%$, cellulose was $9.08%{\sim}14.87%$ except sweet potato(leaf) (20.47%). This paper describes two properties of the fiber-of commonly eaten vegetables ; water-holding capacity(WHC) and metal binding. The capacity of the acetone dried powder (ADP) to hold water was estimated. The WHC measurements differed from 7.49 per 9 of ADP for Water cress to 11.09 per 9 of ADP for Leek. The binding of Fe, Zn in NDF. ADF obtained from five fiber sources was examined under two pH conditions ; 1) pH2.1, 2) pH6.1. Fe, Zn binding increased with higher pH and differed from DF sources.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2007

Elsholtzia spp., a herbaceous perennial plant grown worldwide, have been used as a folklore medicine. Due to the presence of flavonoid in their extracts, Elsholtzia spp. have various functional properties. The objective of this research was to compare the amount of flavonoids in Elsholtzia spp. extracts in order to improve the potential of by using their functional properties. Elsholtzia spp. were collected in various areas of Korea. These were divided into leaf, flower, stem, and root. Each sample was dried using various drying method and ground to a powder. The powdered sample prepared was extracted with 80% ethanol. Extracts were analysed for the content of total flavonoids and apigenin by HPLC. Higher content of flavonoids was observed in the extracts of leaves and flowers. In previous study, apigenin among flavonoids was detected from Elsholtzia spp. so, apigenin content was analysed by HPLC. According to the results, the extracts of leaf and flower had the higher apigenin content than other samples.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

Background: The present study was carried out to asses whether mulberry leaves (MLs) have the potential to inhibit the mutagenic effect of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs). Methods and Results: ML powder was extracted with 70% ethanol, and a yield of 35.1% by weight was obtained. The 70% ethanol extract of ML was further extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform, butanol, dichloromethane and water. The crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect when tested at concentrations up to 1 mg/plate against Salmonella typhimurium TA98. In contrast, the crude 70% ethanol extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSCs in the presence of S-9 mixture. Among the solvent fractions, the diethyl ether fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity, which increased in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting mutagenesis by approximately 97.1% at a concentration of 1 mg/plate. Conclusions: In this study, we found that a crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and the diethyl ether fraction themselves are potentially not mutagenic, but inhibit the mutagenic effect of CSCs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2000

각종 부재료를 각각으로 첨가한 절임배추를 제조하여 5$^{\circ}C$와 15$^{\circ}C$에서 13일간 저 장하면서 pH, 산도 및 아스코르브산의 함량변화를 측정하고 chlorophyll분해 및 그 유도체 의 생성과의 증가는 온도가 높을수록 뚜렷하여 온도와의 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 첨가한 부재료의 영향을 보면 마늘, 고춧가루 및 젓갈은 pH의 저하나 산도의 증가를 촉진 하였고, 파와 생강은 큰 영향없이 나타났다. 5$^{\circ}C$ 및 15$^{\circ}C$의 발효기간 중 아스코로브산의 잔 존량은 대체적으로 갓을 첨가한 절임배추가 가장 낮게 나타났다. Chlorophyll의 분해는 발효 기간 중 대체로 아스코르브산의 함량이 높았던 갓을 첨가한 절임배추에서 낮은 경향을 보였 으나 발효기간중 아스코르브산의 잔종량이 전반적으로 높았던 마늘을 첨가한 절임배추에서 chlorophyll의 분해가 심하였고, pheophytin과 pheophorbide 생성량이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 산도의 증가와 pH의 감소가 가장 크게 나타난 것과 일치되었다. 따라서 발효중의 chlorophyll의 분해는 아스코르브산 함량변화와도 연관이 있을뿐만 아니라역시 산 의 생성에 의한 pH의 감소와 관련성이 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mulberry leaf (ML) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia, which may be related to its deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content. This study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic and dyslipidemic effects of rice coated with ML rich in DNJ in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: The mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): non-diabetic normal control (NC); diabetic control (DM-C), fed with 10% polished rice powder (DM-R); and fed with 10% polished rice powder coated with DNJ-rich ML (DM-DNJR). RESULTS: Supplementation with DNJR for six weeks decreased levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glycosylated hemoglobin; conversely, levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed an increase in the same treatment. In addition, weights of mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissues decreased with DNJR supplementation, when compared with diabetic control db/db mice, while maltase, lactase, and sucrase activity in the small intestine were inhibited. The anti-diabetic effects were marginally greater in the DM-DNJR group than in the DM-R group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that rice coated with ML rich in DNJ can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in db/db mice, and may prove useful for individuals with diabetes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2013

The effect of different phytogenic feed additives on reducing odorous compounds in swine was investigated using in vitro fermentation and analyzed their microbial communities. Soybean meal (1%) added with 0.1% different phytogenic feed additives (FA) were in vitro fermented using swine fecal slurries and anaerobically incubated for 12 and 24 h. The phytogenic FAs used were red ginseng barn powder (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, FA1), persimmon leaf powder (Diospyros virginiana L., FA2), ginkgo leaf powder (Ginkgo biloba L., FA3), and oregano lippia seed oil extract (Lippia graveolens Kunth, OL, FA4). Total gas production, pH, ammonianitrogen ($NH_3$-N), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), nitrite-nitrogen ($NO_2{^-}$-N), nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3{^-}$-N), sulfate (${SO_4}^{--}$), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and other metabolites concentration were determined. Microbial communities were also analyzed using 16S rRNA DGGE. Results showed that the pH values on all treatments increased as incubation time became longer except for FA4 where it decreased. Moreover, FA4 incubated for 12 and 24 h was not detected in $NH_3$-N and $H_2S$. Addition of FAs decreased (p<0.05) propionate production but increased (p<0.05) the total VFA production. Ten 16S rRNA DGGE bands were identified which ranged from 96 to 100% identity which were mostly isolated from the intestine. Similarity index showed three clearly different clusters: I (FA2 and FA3), II (Con and FA1), and III (FA4). Dominant bands which were identified closest to Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486T), Uncultured bacterium clone PF6641 and Streptococcus lutetiensis (CIP 106849T) were present only in the FA4 treatment group and were not found in other groups. FA4 had a different bacterial diversity compared to control and other treatments and thus explains having lowest odorous compounds. Addition of FA4 to an enriched protein feed source for growing swine may effectively reduce odorous compounds which are typically associated with swine production.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.570-579
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• 2018

The study investigated antioxidative properties and rectal cancer cell inhibition effect of amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) cauline leaves (ACL) to produce the sausage with ACL powder (ACLP). Antioxidative effects of ACLP prepared with different stem lengths (10-45 cm) were evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, total phenol, and total flavonoid. Inhibition effect on rectal cancer cells growth was also examined with CT-26 cell. To determine appropriate ACL amounts in sausage formula, response surface methodology was used. The sausages without ACL (control) and the sausage with ACL (ACLP sausage) were the subjected to the examinations of antioxidation, growth inhibition on CT-26, and physicochemical properties (pH and water content). ACLP made from the leaf with 15 cm length stem generally showed the highest antioxidative effect through results of DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, total phenol, and total flavonoid. ACLP also showed inhibition effect on the proliferation of CT-26, depending on concentration of ACLP. The surface response model showed that 4.87 g of ACLP was optimized amount for sausage production. Physicochemical properties between optimized ACLP and control sausages were not significantly different. Higher antioxidative effect of optimized ACLP sausage extract was observed (p<0.05) in antioxidation tests than control sausage extract except for DPPH. Cell viability of CT-26 cells were higher (p<0.05) in ACLP than in control sausage extracts. These results indicate that ACLP has functional effects on antioxidation activity and growth inhibition on CT-26 cell, and thus, it should be useful as a supplement in sausage, which may some effect as ACLP itself.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.566-579
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• 2022

Deterioration of jerky during storage is a major concern; this is usually combated with natural or synthetic antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of semi-dried restructured jerky with and without loquat leaf extract (LE) powder and ascorbic acid (AA) during storage for 180 days. The jerkies were formulated with 0%, 0.15%, and 0.3% LE and/or 0.05% AA (Control, no antioxidant; AA, 0.05% AA; LE 0.15, 0.15% loquat LE; LE 0.15-AA, 0.15% loquat LE+0.05% AA; LE 0.3, 0.3% loquat LE; LE0.3-AA, 0.3% loquat LE+0.05% AA). LE is a phenolic compound, whose 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydarzyl radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity were found to be higher than AA. All antioxidant combinations having higher LE concentration and containing AA were effective in delaying protein and lipid oxidation compared to the control or AA. At the end of storage period, LE 0.15-AA and AA had higher CIE a^* and lower shear force than the control. Therefore, the combination of 0.15% LE and 0.05% AA can result in reduced protein and lipid oxidation without any negative effect on the quality characteristics of semi-dried restructured jerky.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2010

본 실험에서 엉겅퀴의 잎과 뿌리 분말을 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에게 4주간 섭취시킨 후, 당질과 지질을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 평균 식이섭취량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 엉겅퀴-잎섭취군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 모든 엉겅퀴섭취군의 경우 유의적 차이는 없지만 당뇨대조군보다 높은 체중증가량과 식이이용효율을 나타내었다. 이로써 엉겅퀴섭취가 당뇨유발로 인한 체중감소와 식이이용효율감소 억제에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 신장의 무게가 엉겅퀴-잎섭취군의 경우 당뇨대조군보다 유의적으로 가볍게 나타났다. 폐, 비장, 췌장, 심장 및 뇌의 무게는 당뇨대조군과 엉겅퀴섭취군 비교시 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 헤마토크릿치는 당뇨대조군과 비교하여 엉겅퀴의 잎을 먹인 쥐에서 유의적으로 낮아졌으며 정상군의 수준과 비슷해지는 효과를 보여주었다. 당뇨 유발시 ALT 활성도는 증가함을 나타내었고 엉겅퀴 잎을 먹인 쥐에서 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 당뇨대조군에 비하여 적게 증가하였다. 혈장의 포도당 수준은 모든 엉겅퀴섭취군이 당뇨대조군에 비하여 혈당 증가폭이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 특히 엉겅퀴-잎섭취군에서는 실험 2주째부터 실험 4주째까지 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 혈당 수준을 나타내었다. 간의 글리코겐 함량은 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 엉겅퀴섭취군에서 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈장 콜레스테롤 함량은 당뇨대조군과 당뇨실험군 사이에는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 모든 엉겅퀴 섭취군에서 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 혈장 중성지방함량은 엉겅퀴-뿌리섭취군에서, 유리지방산의 함량은 잎섭취군에서 약간 감소하는 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 당뇨 유발시 초래되는 당질대사 이상을 관찰하기 위하여 엉겅퀴의 잎과 뿌리를 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에게 섭취시킨 결과, 당뇨 흰쥐에서 신장과 체중의 정상화, 당뇨의 혈당 증가 완화를 확인하였기에 당질대사에 있어서 항당뇨효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 당뇨대사 이상으로 영향을 미치는 지질대사도 관찰한 결과, 유의적인 차이는 없지만 약간의 효능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 엉겅퀴는 잎뿐만 아니라 뿌리도 잠재적 의약품 소재 및 기능성 식품소재로서의 있다고 판단된다.