• 제목/요약/키워드: leaf nitrogen

검색결과 811건 처리시간 0.026초

콩의 엽-협 비율 조절에 따른 탄소와 질소의 전류 (Carbon-Nitrogen Transport in Response to Control of Leaf-Pod Ratio in Soybean)

  • 성락춘;강병화;박세준
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제39권6호
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    • pp.594-601
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    • 1994
  • 콩의 생식생장기인 착협시(R3)에 상부 50%와 하부 50%로 구분하여 엽제거 및 엽-협제거처리 하여 줄기, 엽 및 종실건물중과 가용성 당, 전분 및 단백질함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1990년과 1991년에 고려대학교 자연자원대학 덕소 농장에 팔달콩, 백운콩 및 단엽콩을 공시하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 팔달콩, 백운콩 및 단엽콩 모두 건물축적과 가용성 당, 전분 및 단백질함량에 처리간 같은 경향을 보였다. 2. 평균 줄기건물중은 상엽-하협제거와 하엽-상협제거로 높았고 상엽제거와 하엽제거는 낮았다. 3. 엽건물중은 처리중에서 상부엽이 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 4. 종실수와 종실건물중은 엽 및 엽-협제거로 감소되었으나 하엽제거와 하엽-상협제거의 하부에서 높았다. 5. 가용성 당과 전분함량도 처리중에서 하부종실에서 높은 경향이었다. 6. 단백질함량은 상엽제거의 상부와 하엽제거의 하부에 감소되었으나 하엽제거의 상부종실에서 가장 높았다.

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담배식물(植物)의 엽서별(葉序別) 질산환원능력(窒酸還元能力) 비교(比較) (Nitrate Reduction of Tobacco Leaves along the Stalk Position)

  • 이윤환;임선욱
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 1987
  • 질산태질소(窒酸態窒素)를 선택흡수(選擇吸收)하는 담배식물에 대하여 흡수된 $NO_3-N$의 각조직별(各組織別) 이동양상(移動樣相)과 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성도(活性度)(nitrate reductase activity. NRA)를 조사하고 생육과정(生育過程)에서 출엽(出葉)된 잎들의 질산환원능력(窒酸還元能力)을 비교조사(比較調査)한 결과(結果) 1. 도관조직(導管組織)인 엽맥(葉脈)까지는 함유(含有)된 질소(窒素)의 대부분(大部分)이 $NO_3-N$으로써 무기태질소(無機態窒素)로 엽맥(葉脈)을 통과(通過)하며 엽육(葉肉)에서는 $NO_3-N$이 환원(還元)되어 무기태질소(無機態窒素)가 거의 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 2. NRA는 성숙(成熟)된 잎에서 가장 왕성하였으며 분열생장중(分裂生長中)인 잎이나 도관조직(導管組織)에서는 환원기능이 매우 낮은 수준에 머물렀다. 3. 하위(下位)의 성숙엽(成熟葉)은 두껍고 수분(水分)을 많이 함유(含有)하였으며 가장 왕성한 질산환원능력(窒酸還元能力)을 보였다. 4. 생장조직(生長組織)으로 유기질소물질(有機窒素物質)을 공급(供給)하기 위하여 유식물(幼植物)때는 소수(小數)의 좁은 잎에서 높은 수준(水準)의 NRA를 유지(維持)했으나 생육(生育)이 진전되어 많은 잎이 착엽(着葉)되면서 상위(上位)쪽의 성숙엽(成熟葉)은 NRA가 낮은 수준에 머물렀다.

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질소시용 수준에 따른 담배 엽중의 생육시기별 지베렐린 함량변화 (CHANCES OF GIBBERELLIN CONTENT IN TOBACCO (N. TABACUM L.) LEAVES AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE)

  • 정현진;김길웅
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.191-198
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    • 1984
  • This experiment was conducted to determine Gibberellin content in tobacco leaves at different growth stages in relation to nitrogen levels applied. Some of the results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The content of Gibberellin showed an increasing tendency as the levels of nitrogen increased. 2. The highest content of Gibberellin was observed at 60 days after transplanting, showing much higher than those of 30 and 90 days after transplanting. 3. The content of Gibberellin at various growth stages under different nitrogen levels ranged from 0.2490 ng to 10.9308 ng per IKg of fresh leaf weight of Burley 21. 4.The kinds of Gibberellin present in tobacco leaf appeared to be Gibberellinl ,9,19 and 20.

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질소 추비량이 유색 보리의 생산성, 사료가치 및 안토시아닌 함량에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Nitrogen Top Dressing Levels on Productivity, Feed Value, and Anthocyanin Content of Colored Barley)

  • 송태화;한옥규;박태일;김양길;김기종;박기훈
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2012
  • 이 연구는 기능성 사료용 보리의 생산 기술을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 식물체 전체에 안토시아닌이 함유된 겉보리인 '보안찰보리' 품종을 이용하여 전년에 구명된 안토시아닌의 축적을 높이기 위한 최적 추비 및 수확시기를 구명한데 (Song et al., 2011) 이어 최적 시비량과 생산성, 사료가치 및 부위별 축적정도를 검토하였다. 그 결과 질소 추비량이 증가함에 따라 출수기가 지연되었고, 초장은 80% 증비구에서 가장 컸으며, 건물율은 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 생초수량은 증가되는 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었고, 건물수량과 TDN 수량은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 조단백질 함량은 부위별로 이삭 > 총체 > 잎 줄기 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 모든 부위에서 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). NDF와 ADF는 부위별로 잎 줄기 > 총체 > 이삭 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 잎 줄기에서는 감소하였고, 총체와 이삭은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. TDN 함량은 이삭 > 총체 > 잎 줄기 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 잎 줄기는 증가하였고 (p<0.05), 총체와 이삭은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 안토시아닌 함량은 부위별로 잎 줄기 > 총체 > 이삭 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 잎 줄기와 총체에서 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 특히 cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin (Del), malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G), malvidin (Mal)의 감소가 가장 현저하였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결론을 종합하여 볼 때, 이 연구에 이용된 '보안찰보리'는 잎 줄기에 안토시아닌 축적이 가장 많고, 조사료 수량을 고려하면서 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 조사료용 유색보리를 생산하기 위해서는 월동 후 생육재생기에 표준 추비량을 주는 것이 가장 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

Modeling the effects of excess water on soybean growth in converted paddy field in Japan. 2. modeling the effect of excess water on the leaf area development and biomass production of soybean

  • Nakano, Satoshi;Kato, Chihiro;Purcell, Larry C.;Shiraiwa, Tatsuhiko
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.308-308
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    • 2017
  • The low and unstable yield of soybean has been a major problem in Japan. Excess soil moisture conditions are one of the major factors to restrict soybean productivity. More than 80 % of soybean crops are cultivated in converted paddy fields which often have poor drainage. In central and eastern regions of Japan, the early vegetative growth of soybean tends to be restricted by the flooding damage because the early growth period is overlapped with the rainy season. Field observation shows that induced excess water stress in early vegetative stage reduces dry matter production by decreasing intercepted radiation by leaf and radiation use efficiency (RUE) (Bajgain et al., 2015). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the responses of soybean growth for excess water conditions to assess these effects on soybean productions. In this study, we aim to modify the soybean crop model (Sinclair et al., 2003) by adding the components of the restriction of leaf area development and RUE for adaptable to excess water conditions. This model was consist of five components, phenological model, leaf area development model, dry matter production model, plant nitrogen model and soil water balance model. The model structures and parameters were estimated from the data obtained from the field experiment in Tsukuba. The excess water effects on the leaf area development were modeled with consideration of decrease of blanch emergence and individual leaf expansion as a function of temperature and ground water level from pot experiments. The nitrogen fixation and nitrogen absorption from soil were assumed to be inhibited by excess water stress and the RUE was assumed to be decreasing according to the decline of leaf nitrogen concentration. The results of the modified model were better agreement with the field observations of the induced excess water stress in paddy field. By coupling the crop model and the ground water level model, it may be possible to assess the impact of excess water conditions for soybean production quantitatively.

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Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Spotted Deer (Cervus nippon) Fed Forest By-product Silage, Oak Leaf Hay and Commercial Mixed Ration

  • Jeon, B.T.;Moon, S.H.;Lee, S.M.;Kim, K.H.;Hudson, R.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.702-705
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    • 2003
  • Forest by-product silage (FPS) comprised of foliage, shrubs, and wild grasses was prepared to examine feeding value as sole roughage source for spotted (sika) deer. This diet was compared with imported oak leaf hay (OLH) and a commercial mixed ration (CMR) in digestion balance trials with spotted deer. Dry matter intake was highest (p<0.05) on the OLH, whereas intakes of the FPS and CMR were similar (p>0.05). Digestibility of dry matter was highest (p<0.05) for CMR. Digestibility of crude protein was highest in CMR and lowest in OLH and there were significant differences (p<0.05) among diets. Average daily gain, digestible dry matter intake and digestibility of crude fiber did not differ significantly among diets. Nitrogen intake, urinary and digestible nitrogen were highest (p<0.05) in CMR. However, nitrogen retention was not significantly different. Consequently, FPS is a good roughage source for deer having high digestibility, dry matter intake and availability of nitrogen.

황색종 담배에서 생육형질, 품질 및 화학성분과의 관계 (Relationship Among Growth Characteristics , Quality, and Chemical Components in Flue-cured Tobacco)

  • 정기택;반유선;이정덕
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 1988
  • This study was conducted to relate among growth characteristics, quality, and chemical components for flue-cored tobacco. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Starch content in harvested green leaf was correlated negatively with leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf weight of harvested green leaf, respectively, while positively with total sugar content in cured leaf, and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width of harvested green leaf. 2. Organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively, and total nitrogen in the soil negatively with total sugar content in cured leaf. 3, Amount of fertilizer, application date of MH, priod of harvesting, and yield were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively , while negatively with total sugar content. Application amount of MH was correlated positively with total sugar content, but negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. Also amount of compost was correlated negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. 4. The ratio of total sugar to nicotine (TS/N) per plant was correlated positively with price (Won/kg) and specific leaf area, but negatively with leaf length. leaf width, leaf area, harvested leaves, and leaf weight in cured leaves, respectively. Yield was correlated negatively with TS/N per plant. 5. TS/N of the best quality tobacco per plant was 12.0. Those of the best quality tobacco in each stalk position were 42.1 for first~third leaf, 28.4 for 4th~6th leaf , 23.7 for 7th~9th leaf, 7.7 for l0th~12th leaf , and 7.8 for over 13th leaf from bottom, respectively. 6, When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of growth characteristics per plant were 100.5 $\pm$ 10.3g for leaf dry weight, 755.1$\pm$53.2cm for leaf length, 294.4$\pm$25.1cm for leaf width, 8, 892$\pm$111cm2 for leaf area, 16.0$\pm$0.6 leaves for harvested leaves, and 7.32$\pm$0.44mg/cm2 for specific leaf area, respectively. 7. When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of chemical components per plant were 1.92$\pm$0.28% for nicotine content, and 20.4$\pm$ 1.4 % for total sugar content, and that of yield was 238.3$\pm$ 9.8kg/10a.

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Nitrogen Management with Split Application of Urea for Direct-Seeding Rice in Wet Paddy

  • Lee, Ho-Jin;Seo, Jun-Han;Lee, Jung-Sam;Jung, Yong-Sang;Fred E. Below
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.49-53
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    • 1998
  • Direct-seeding has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating preparation of seed bed and transplanting. But, it required increased input of fertilizers and pesticides because of the extended paddy period. Direct seeding in wet paddy (DSWP) gives faster growth and more uniform seedling emergence than direct-seeding in dry paddy. This research had an objective to develop an efficient N management practices for DSWP with split application of N fertilizer. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of starter N and N-topdressing which was delayed N application until 5-leaf stage, with comparison to transplanting (TP). Total amount of N application were two levels; 110kg and 77kg/ha. The N applications were split four times during rice growth stages; starter, topdressing at 5-leaf stage, top dressing at tillering stage, and topdressing at panicle initiation stage. DSWP had more tillers/$m^2$ than TP, but with the delayed heading. The DSWP plots which received N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage without starter N had higher leaf area index (LAI) and leaf greenness than the TP plot. Also, these DSWP plots had high leaf-N concentration at the heading stage, as calculated from leaf chlorophyll meter readings. Rice yield in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage was significantly higher than that in TP and in DSWP with starter N. Energy and N use efficiency were improved in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage. But, there were no significant differences in grain yield between the two levels of total amounts of N applications, 77kg and 110kg/ha. We concluded that starter N could not be used effectively by rice seedlings, but topdressing N at 5-leaf stage was an efficient N management for rice growth and yield in DSWP system.

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담수표면산파와 기계이앙재배 벼의 생육 및 건물 생산 (Growth and Dry Matter Production of Direct Seeding on Flooded Paddy Surface and Machine Transplanting Rice)

  • 송영주;송은주;나종성
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.459-465
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    • 1997
  • 담수표면산파 벼의 생육시기별 경수변화, 건물 생산 특성 그리고 질소시비량에 따른 수량 및 건물생산 정도를 기계이앙재배 벼와 비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담수표면산파 벼는 기계이앙재배 벼에 비하여 생육 중기까지 경수 증가속도가 빠른 반면, 생육중기 이후 분얼수 감소시기 및 속도가 상대적으로 빠르고 컸으며 단위 면적당 수수는 초기 분얼수가 많았던 담수표면산파 벼에서 많았다. 2. 엽면적지수는 담수표면산파 벼에서 수수분화기까지 높았으나, 그 이후부터는 기계이앙재배 벼에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 엽신 질소함량은 파종 후 40일까지는 담수표면산파 벼가 많았으나 그 후부터는 점차 적어지는 경향이었으며, 군락광합성 및 생육시기별 건물생산속도 역시 파종 후 50∼60일을 기점으로 기계이앙재배 벼에 비해 담수표면산파 벼에서 점차 적어졌고 이런 경향은 출수기 이후에도 계속 유지되었다. 4. 질소시비량 증가에 따라 기계이앙재배 벼 및 담수표면산파 벼 모두 수확기 총 건물중, 출수기 엽면적지수 및 군락광합성량 모두 많아지는 경향이었다. 총 건물중은 담수표면산파 벼에서 많았으며 엽면적지수 및 군락광합성은 기계이앙재배 벼에서 많았다. 또한 단위 엽면적당 질소함량은 두 재배법 모두 시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였으나 기계이앙재배 벼에서 많았다.

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근적외 분석법을 응용한 사과의 생잎과 건조잎의 질소분석 (Determination of Nitrogen in Fresh and Dry Leaf of Apple by Near Infrared Technology)

  • 장광재;서상현;강연복;한효일;박우철
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.259-265
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    • 2004
  • 사과의 영양진단에서 사과잎 분석을 신속히 하기 위한 방법을 모색하기 위해 생잎과 건조잎을 이용해 근적의 스펙트럼을 측정하고 이를 질소 함량과의 최적의 상관관계를 도출하기 위해 부분소자승(PLS)과 주성분회귀(PCR)과 같은 다변량 분석법을 이용하여 비파괴 검량식을 작성하였다. 또한 검량식 작성에서 비파괴 측정 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 smoothing, mean normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). derivative 등의 다양한 데이터 전처리 조작을 수행하여 정확도 향상 가능성을 조사하였다. 사과 건조잎의 비파괴 측정 가능성을 조사한 결과 PLS-1 모델에서 Norris first derivate하였을 태 RMSEP가 $0.6999g\;kg^{-1}$ 로 가장 좋았으며, 생잎은 Savitzky-Golay first derivate하였을 때에 RMSEP 가 $1.202g\;kg^{-1}$으로 가장 좋았다. 건조잎의 PCR 모델은 mean normalization 처리 후 Savitzky-Golay first derivative하였을 때가 RMSEP 가 $0.553g\;kg^{-1}$, 이었으며 생잎에서도 RMSEP는 $1.047g\;kg^{-1}$로 나타났다. 이와 같은 견과로서 사과의 생잎과 건조잎의 분석이 근적외분석기술에 의해 가능할 것으로 판단된다.