Browse > Article

Determination of Nitrogen in Fresh and Dry Leaf of Apple by Near Infrared Technology  

Zhang, Guang-Cai (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyungpook National University)
Seo, Sang-Hyun (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyungpook National University)
Kang, Yeon-Bok (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyungpook National University)
Han, Xiao-Ri (College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University)
Park, Woo-Churl (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer / v.37, no.4, 2004 , pp. 259-265 More about this Journal
Abstract
A quicker method was developed for foliar analysis in diagnosis of nitrogen in apple trees based on multivariate calibration procedure using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) to establish the relationship between reflectance spectra in the near infrared region and nitrogen content of fresh- and dry-leaf. Several spectral pre-processing methods such as smoothing, mean normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and derivatives were used to improve the robustness and performance of the calibration models. Norris first derivative with a seven point segment and a gap of six points on MSC gave the best result of partial least squares-1 PLS-1) model for dry-leaf samples with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equal to $0.699g\;kg^{-1}$, and that the Savitzky-Golay first derivate with a seven point convolution and a quadratic polynomial on MSC gave the best results of PLS-1 model for fresh-samples with RMSEP of $1.202g\;kg^{-1}$. The best PCR model was obtained with Savitzky-Golay first derivative using a seven point convolution and a quadratic polynomial on mean normalization for dry leaf samples with RMSEP of $0.553g\;kg^{-1}$, and obtained with the Savitzky-Golay first derivate using a seven point convolution and a quadratic polynomial for fresh samples with RMSEP of $1.047g\;kg^{-1}$. The results indicate that nitrogen can be determined by the near infrared reflectance (NIR) technology for fresh- and dry-leaf of apple.
Keywords
Near infrared; Nitrogen analysis; Apple leaf; PLS, PCR; Nutrient diagnosis;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Geladi, P., and B. R. Kowalski. 1986. Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial. Anal. Chim. Acta. 185:1-17   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Martens, H., and T. Naes. 1991. Multivariate Calibration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chichester, UK
3 Morimoto, S., W. F. McClure, B. Crowell and D. L. Stanfield. 2002. Near infrared technology for precision environmental measurements: part 2: determination of carbon in green grass tissue. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 11:257-267
4 Norris, K. H. 2001. Understanding and correcting the factors which affect diffuse transmittance spectra. NIR News 12(3):6-9
5 Workman, J., and A. W. Springsteen. 1998. Applied spectroscopy: a compact reference for practitioners. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA
6 Beebe, K. R., and B. R. Kowalski. 1987. An introduction to multivariate calibration and analysis. Anal. Chem. 59:1007A-1017A   DOI
7 McClure, W. F, B. Crowell, D. L. Stanfield, S. Mohapatra, S. Morimoto, and G. Batten. 2002. Near infrared technology for precision environmental measurements: Part 1. Determination of nitrogen in green- and dry-grass tissue. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 10:177-185   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Swierenga, H., A. P. de Weijer, R. J. van Wijk, and L. M. C. Buydens. 1999. Strategy for constructing robust multivariate calibration models, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 49:1-17   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Hopkins, D. W. 2002. Derivatives - a systematic approach to removing variability before applying chemometrics. p. 93-102. In R. K. Cho and A. M. C. Davies (ed.) Near Infrared Spectroscopy: proceedings of the 10th international conference. NIR publications, Chichester, UK
10 Norris, K. H., and P. C.Williams. 1984, Optimization of mathematical treatments of raw near-infrared signal in the measurement of protein in hard red spring wheat: I. Influence of particle size. Cereal Chem. 61:158-165
11 Hopkins, D. W. 2001b. Derivatives in spectroscopy. Near Infrared Analysis 2(1):1-13
12 Esbensen, K., S. Schonkopf, and T. Midtgaard. 1994. Multivariate Analysis in Practice. Camo AS, Trndheim, Norway
13 Frank, I. E., J. H. Kalivas, and B. R. Kowalski. 1983. Partial least squares solutions for multicomponent analysis. Anal. Chem. 55:1800-1804   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Walinga, I., J. J. van der Lee, V. J. G. Houba, W. van Vark, and I. Novozamsky. 1995. Plant Analysis Manual. p. PANA-A2/1-3,19-21. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
15 Hopkins, D. W. 2001a. What is a Norris derivative? NIR News 12(3):3-5
16 Savitzky, A., and M. J. E. Golay. 1964. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures. Anal. Chem. 36:1627-1639   DOI