• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

To study the wood quality factors of Populus nigra $\times$ maxmowiczii known a rapidly growing species, the variations of green moisture contents, bulk density, wood fibre dimensions, microfibril angles, and number of leaf knot in stem wood were investigated. The heartwood contained a higher moisture content than the corresponding sapwood. Bulk density in radial patterns variations decrease outward from the pith, then increase toward the bark. The wood-fiber length and diameters had somewhat smaller values than on Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa or Populus euramericana. The microfibril angles decreased rapidly toward the outside, and their mean values were about 16 degree. The grain angles run nearly parallel to the cell axies. Number of leaf knot showed a fluctural change above ground level to a point near the base of the crown and then increased rapidly to the top of tree and average number of leaf knot varied exclusively from tree to tree.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2004

Trichoderma harzianum-THN1 parasitising the egg masses of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was isolated from galled mulberry roots and evaluated for its potential to control root knot disease. In pot experiments root galling was reduced and leaf yield increased significantly following soil treatment with T. harzianum-THN1. The extracts obtained from the soils inoculated with T. harzianum-THN1 drastically inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs and the effect was irreversible even after the eggs were transferred to fresh water. The fungus was equally effective in controlling the disease in nematode infested mulberry garden under field conditions which was significant over the most commonly used egg parasitic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The disease reduction recorded with T. harzianum was on par with the plants treated with the nematicide Carbofuran. The results suggest that T. harzianum- THN1 could be used as a potent ecofriendly biocontrol agent against M. incognita in mulberry without any residual toxicity to silkworms. T. harzianum- THN1 can form an important component of integrated disease management package in mulberry cultivation.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2008

Melting curve analysis of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments is used extensively for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP). Here, we evaluated a SNP genotyping method by melting curve analysis with the two probe chemistries in a 384-well plate format on a Roche LightCycler 480. The HybProbe chemistry is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) and the SimpleProbe chemistry uses a terminal self-quenching fluorophore. We evaluated FRET HybProbes and SimpleProbes for two SNP sites closely linked to two quantitative trait loci(QTL) for southern root-knot nematode resistance. These probes were used to genotype the two parents and 94 $F_2$ plants from the cross of PI 96354$\times$Bossier. The SNP genotypes of all samples determined by the LightCycler software agreed with previously determined SSR genotypes and the SNP genotypes determined on a Luminex 100 flow cytometry instrument. Multiplexed HybProbes for the two SNPs showed a 98.4% success rate and 100% concordance between repeats two of the same 96 DNA samples. Also, we developed a HybProbe assay for the Rcs3 gene conditioning broad resistance to the frogeye leaf spot(FLS) disease. The LightCycler 480 provides rapid PCR on 384-well plate and allows simultaneous amplification and analysis in approximately 2 hours without any additional steps after amplification. This allowed for a reduction of the potential contamination of PCR products, simplicity, and enablement of a streamlined workflow. The melting curve analysis on the LightCycler 480 provided high-throughput and rapid SNP genotyping and appears highly effective for marker-assisted selection in soybean.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2007

For developing an integrated eco-friendly package against root knot disease complex of mulberry caused by the association of Meloidogyne incognita with Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum causing serious loss in terms of leaf yield and quality during cultivation, twenty botanical extracts at 5, 10 & 20% concentrations were screened under in vitro conditions. Among the extracts, Allium sativum followed by Lasownia inermis were found to be effective at 20% concentration against both the virulent fungi and nematode. Both the extracts reduced the mycelial growth of virulent fungi to an extent of 76-100%, inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs by 80-90% and 76-85% larval mortality over the control. The other extracts were found either moderately or poorly effective in reducing the growth of fungi, hatching of nematode eggs and enhancing the mortality of larvae. The two effective botanical extracts, which rated as strong inhibitors against both nematode and virulent fungi, can be utilized in developing an integrated ecofriendly technology for better management of root knot disease complex in mulberry.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2018

Commercial biocontrol of microbial plant diseases and plant pests, such as nematodes, requires field-effective formulations. The isolate Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a Gram-negative bacterium that controls microbial plant pathogens both directly and indirectly. This bacterium also has nematocidal activity. In this study, we report on the efficacy of a wettable powder-type formulation of P. chlororaphis O6. Culturable bacteria in the formulated product were retained at above $1{\times}10^8$ colony forming units/g after storage of the powder at $25^{\circ}C$ for six months. Foliar application of the diluted formulated product controlled leaf blight and gray mold in tomato. The product also displayed preventative and curative controls for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato. Under laboratory conditions and for commercially grown melon, the control was at levels comparable to that of a standard commercial chemical nematicide. The results indicated that the wettable powder formulation product of P. chlororaphis O6 can be used for control of plant microbial pathogens and root-knot nematodes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2020

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most destructive group of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plants infected by Meloidogyne spp. develop above-ground symptoms, stunting, yellowing, nutrient deficiencies, and gall formations with typical hook-shaped root tips. Infected plants experience yield losses. During 2018-2019 survey, leaf chlorosis rice plants were found in 206 fields of 67 counties in Guangxi, China, around 30 days after transplanting. Galls and hooked tips on the roots and pear-shaped females were observed. About 32.04% of fields were infested with the nematode. The nematodes were identified as Meloidogyne graminicola base on morphological and molecular analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. graminicola on rice plants in Guangxi, China. The results of this study urge the discovery of resistant cultivars and the development of management strategies.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2013

새로운 채소류를 뿌리혹선충이 감염된 시설재배지에 윤작작물로 추천하기 위하여 7과 13속, 25종, 총 39품종을 고구마뿌리혹선충과 땅콩뿌리혹선충을 대상으로 저항성을 검정하였다. 2종류의 뿌리혹선충에 모두 감수성인 것은 비름과(Amaranthaceae)의 아마란서스와 근대, 낙규과(Basellaceae)의 바우세, 피나무과(Tiliaceae)의 모로헤이야, 메꽃과(Convolvulaceae)의 공심채, 십자화의 청경채, 홍채태(Brassica campestris var. chinensis), 다채(B. campestris var. narinosa), '다청채'(B. campestris var. chinensis x narinosa), 갓, 곱슬겨자(B. juncea), 교나(B. juncea var. laciniate), 채심(B. rapa subsp. arachinenesis), 가이란(B. oleracea var. alboglabra), 로케트샐러드(Eruca sativa), 국화과(Asteraceae)의 쑥갓(Chrysanthemum coronarium), 엔다이브(Cichorium endivia), 아티쵸크(Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), 상추(Lactuca sativa)였다. M. incognita에는 저항성이나 M. arenaria에는 감수성인 것은 십자화과의 케일(B. oleracea) cv. 맛짱, 콜라비(B. oleracea var. gongyloides) cv. 적콜라비, 치커리(C. intybus) cv. 적치커리였다. 두 종류의 뿌리혹선충에 모두 저항성인 것은 치커리(C. intybus) cv. 슈가로프, 구루모, 통콘네로네(radichio treviso), 십자화과의 케일(B. oleracea) cv. 만추콜라드, 슈퍼맛짱 브로콜리(B. oleracea italica), 잎브로콜리(B. oleracea var. botrytis italiana), 꿀풀과(Lamiaceae)의 차즈기, 들깨였다. 2종류의 뿌리혹선충에 모두 저항성인 채소류는 뿌리혹선충이 감염된 시설재배지에서 부가가치가 높은 저항성 윤작작물로 사용이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.119-206
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• 1998

만수국 혼식과 만수국, 잔디, 산검양옻나무, 붉나무 및 양파 등의 식물체 추출액이 토마토에서 당근뿌리혹선충의 기생에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하셔 실험을 수행하였다. 만수국을 토마토와 혼식한 실험에서는 토마토 정식 15일전에 만수국을 이식한 구가 15일 후에 이식한 구보다 당근뿌리혹선충의 발생이 적었으며, 잎과 뿌리의 추출액 처리가 혼식보다 더욱 효과적이었다. 즉 만수국 잎추출액의 원액을 토마토 정식 5일전에 처리한 구의 난낭수는 2.2개, 뿌리추출액의 원액을 처리한 구는 5.6개로서 무처리구의 129.4개보다 현저히 적었다. 또한 잔디 추출액처리의 경우에도 무처리구의 난낭수가 87.2개였던데 비하여 원액 처리구는 21개, 2배 희석액 처리구에서는 28.4개로 적었다. 산검양옻나무, 붉나무 및 양파추출액도 당근뿌리혼선충의 발생을 현저히 억제시켰는데, 무처리구의 난낭수 193.6개에 비하여 산검양옻나무 추출액 원액 5일전 처리구에서는 1.6개, 붉은나무 추출액 원액 처리구는 1.6개, 양파추출액 원액 처리구는 6.2개로서 매우 효과가 있었다. 이 실험에서 사용하는 식물체의 추출액을 토마토 정식전에 처리하는 것이 동시 또는 후에 처리하는 것보다 효과적이었으며 추출액의 농도가 높을수록 형성된 난낭수가 적었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.398-406
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• 1990

현(玄)사시나무는 속성조림(速成造林) 수종(樹種)으로 선정(選定)되어 전국(全國)에 보급(普及)되어 있으나 벌채이용단계(伐採利用段階)에 재내(材內)에 포함(包含)된 잎옹이와 결정성질(結晶性質)의 영향(影響)으로 볼 수 있는 인물(刃物)이 쉽게 마모(磨耗)되는 등(等)의 생리적(生理的)인 결점(缺點)이 발견(發見)되고 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 특히 이들 결점중(缺點中) 결정성물질(結晶性物質)의 종류(種類)와 그 분포특성(分布特性)을 구명(究明)코저 하였다. 결정성물질(結晶性物質)은 심재(心材)에 주(主)로 분포(分布)하고 분포량(分布量)은 수체(樹體)내의 부위(部位)에 따라 차이(差異)가 크며 그 종류(種類)는 silica, aluminum, 탄산(炭酸)칼슘, 수산(修酸)칼슘이었다. silica와 aluminum을 주성분(主成分)으로하는 결정성질(結晶性質)은 방사유세포(放射柔細胞)와 도관(導管) 및 목섬유내강(木纖維內腔)에는 입상(粒狀)으로 관찰되었고, 탄산(炭酸)칼슘은 잎옹이와 도관(導管) 및 목섬유(木纖維)에 주상(柱狀) 혹은 괴상(塊狀)으로 분포(分布)하였다. 한편 수산(修酸)칼슘은 주(主)로 수피(樹皮)의 사부유세포(篩部柔細胞) 소상(銷狀)으로 분포(分布)하고 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2022

Root-knot nematode disease is a widespread and catastrophic disease of tobacco. However, little is known about the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community and root-knot nematode disease. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt to assess bacterial community structure and function changes in rhizosphere soil from Meloidogyne incognita-infected tobacco plants. We studied the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of M. incognita-infected and uninfected tobacco plants through a paired comparison design in two regions of tobacco planting area, Yuxi and Jiuxiang of Yunnan Province, southwest China. According to the findings, M. incognita infection can alter the bacterial population in the soil. Uninfested soil has more operational taxonomic unit numbers and richness than infested soil. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed clear separations between bacterial communities from infested and uninfested soil, indicating that different infection conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial community structures in soils. Firmicutes was prevalent in infested soil, but Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were prevalent in uninfested soil. Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant bacteria genera, and their abundance were higher in infested soil. By PICRUSt analysis, some metabolism-related functions and signal transduction functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community in the M. incognita infection-tobacco plants had a higher relative abundance than those uninfected. As a result, rhizosphere soils from tobacco plants infected with M. incognita showed considerable bacterial community structure and function alterations.