• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2013

This study aimed to identify professional climbers'demand for movement functionality in pants worn for rock climbing and ice climbing. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 professional climbers using a semi-constructed questionnaire. The respondents were instructor-level experts whose climbing ability ranged from 5.9 to 5.14 on the Yosemite Decimal System rating scale. The research findings were as follows. Experts wore different climbing pants depending on the type of climbing. For example, they mostly wore high-stretch, second layer pants for rock climbing, while layering first layer, second layer, and third layer pants for ice climbing. There were gender differences regarding the parts of the body in which climbers reported the most discomfort when wearing climbing pants; male climbers most commonly responded 'knees', 'inner thighs' and 'hips' while their female counterparts most commonly responded 'inner thighs', 'exposed back and waist' and 'hips' in that order. Differences were found between rock climbing and ice climbing in terms of wear and tear on pants, preferred fabric properties, and length of pants. Wear and tear was found mainly on the hips and knees of rock climbing pants and on the inner lower hem of ice climbing pants. Listed in the order of preference, the most preferred fabric properties were elasticity, light weight, and durability for rock climbing pants and elasticity, insulation, and protection against water and wind for ice climbing pants. Regarding the length of rock climbing pants, respondents preferred ankle-length pants and cropped pants that did not cover the feet. For ice climbing pants, respondents favored heel-length pants that prevented pieces of ice from entering the clothing. Men showed a high level of preference for ergonomically cut climbing pants. Respondents said the waistband on climbing pants should be simplified so as not to adversely affect climbing maneuvers.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

최근들어 1km이상의 장대터널건설이 급증하는 추세이고 이로 인해 터널내 화재가 발생하면 터널내부는 외부와의 통로가 한정되고 고립된 공간이므로 화재로부터 발생되는 연기와 열로 대형인명사고가 발생 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 그러므로 고속도로 터널의 경우, 터널화재에 대비한 방재시스템을 구축하고 있지만 터널의 장대화, 화물운송차량의 대형화, 운반물류의 다양화에 따라 가연물의 규모, 터널내 기류등 다양화된 제반조건을 세부적으로 고려한 화염확산 형태 및 연기유동 메카니즘에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고속도로 터널 실물화재실험을 수행하여 화재발생시 터널내부의 온도분포, 풍속, 연기거동 특성을 분석하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.22.1-22.9
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• 2018

Objectives: To evaluate and compare light-transmittance in dental tissues and dental composite restorations using the incremental double-layer technique with varying layer thickness. Materials and Methods: B1-colored natural teeth slabs were compared to dental restoration build-ups with A2D and B1E-colored nanofilled, supra-nanofilled, microfilled, and microhybrid composites. The enamel layer varied from 0.3, 0.5, or 1.2 mm thick, and the dentin layer was varied to provide a standardized 3.7 mm overall sample thickness (n = 10). All increments were light-cured to $16J/cm^2$ with a multi-wave LED (Valo, Ultradent). Using a spectrophotometer, the samples were irradiated by an RGB laser beam. A voltmeter recorded the light output signal to calculate the light-transmittance through the specimens. The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Tukey's test (p = 0.05). Results: Mean light-transmittance observed at thicker final layers of enamel were significantly lower than those observed at thinner final layers. Within 1.2 mm final enamel resin layer (FERL) thickness, all composites were similar to the dental tissues, with exception of the nanofilled composite. However, within 0.5 mm FERL thickness, only the suprananofilled composite showed no difference from the dental tissues. Within 0.3 mm FERL thickness, none of the composites were similar to the dental tissues. Conclusions: The supra-nanofilled composite had the most similar light-transmittance pattern when compared to the natural teeth. However, for other composites, thicker FERL have a greater chance to match the light-transmittance of natural dental tissues.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제16D권3호
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• pp.381-394
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• 2009

소프트웨어 모델링 과정에서 생성되는 산출물들에 대한 모델의 재사용성을 향상시키기 위한 기법으로, MDA 모델 기반의 개발방법이 적용되고 있다. 아직도, UML을 이용한 MDA 기반의 개발에 대한 계층적이고 체계적인 기법은 미약한 상태이다. 이로 인해, MDA 메타모델에 기반한 일관성 있고 재사용성이 높은 MDA 모델링이 제대로 실현되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 이를 해결하기 위해, 2+1 View 통합 메타모델을 통한 MDA(PIM/PSM) 컴포넌트 모델링 기법을 제시한다. 먼저, 개발 프로세스 view와 MVC View를 표현할 수 있는 meta-architecture view 모델을 정의한다. 정의된 meta-architecture view 계층의 메타 레벨에서, 개발 프로세스 view와 MVC view별로 MDA 기반의 계층적 통합 메타 모델이 제시된다. 이 메타모델은 UML 모델과 GUI 모델이 갖는 모델링 요소들을 PIM과 PSM에 의해 계층적으로 표현한다. 제시한 메타모델을 ISMS 시스템에 적용하여 MDA 기반의 컴포넌트 모델링 사례를 제시한다. 이를 통해, 개발단계별 및 MVC 방식에 의해 일관성 있고 계층적인 MDA 컴포넌트 모델을 구축할 수 있다. 따라서, 모델에 대한 독립성과 재사용성의 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2009

Ti scaffolds with a three-dimensional porous structure were successfully fabricated using powder metallurgy and modified rapid prototyping (RP) process. The fabricated Ti scaffolds showed a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. The porosity and pore size of the scaffolds were in the range of 66$\sim$72% and $300\sim400\;\mu$m, respectively. The sintering of the fabricated scaffolds under the vacuum caused the Ti particles to bond to each other. The strength of the scaffolds depended on the layering patterns. The compressive strength of the scaffolds ranged from 15 MPa to 52 MPa according to the scaffolds' architecture. The alkali treatment of the fabricated scaffolds in an aqueous NaOH solution was shown to be effective in improving the bioactivity. The surface of the alkali-treated Ti scaffolds had a nano-sized fibre-like structure. The modified surface showed a good apatite forming ability. The apatite was formed on the surface of the alkali treated Ti scaffolds within 1 day. The thickness of the apatite increased when the soaking time in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution increased. It is expected that the surface modification of Ti scaffolds by alkali treatment could be effective in forming apatites in vivo and can subsequently enhance bone formation.

• Geosciences Journal
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.939-953
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• 2018

We examined the microfabrics of omphacite and garnet in foliated eclogite to determine the influence of the layered structure on seismic observations in subduction zone. The analyzed eclogite, from the Lanterman Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, is characterized by layering in which the modal abundances of garnet and omphacite vary. For garnet, the low aspect ratios, similar angular distribution of long axes relative to the foliation in both layers, uniform grain size distribution, near-random crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs), and misorientation angle distributions are indicative of passive behavior during deformation. In contrast, omphacite shows relatively high aspect ratios, a low angle between the long axes of crystals and the foliation, a wide grain-size distribution, and distinctive CPOs, suggesting dislocation creep as the main deformation mechanism. The results of fabric analyses are consistent with strain localization into omphacite or omphacite-rich layers rather than garnet or garnet-rich layers. The single-crystal seismic anisotropy of garnet is very weak ($AV_P=0.2%$, $AV_S=0.5-0.6%$), whereas that of omphacite is much stronger ($AV_P=3.7-5.9%$ and $AV_S=2.9-3.8%$). Seismic anisotropy of the omphacite-rich layers shows an increase of 329% for $AV_P$ and 146% for $AV_S$ relative to the garnet-rich layers. Our results demonstrate the importance of the layered structure in strain localization and in the development of the seismic anisotropies of subducting oceanic crust.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.248-260
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• 2021

코발트-크롬 합금은 다양한 치과보철물 제작에 이용되고 있고, 다른 합금에 비해 저렴한 가격과 우수한 기계적 특성이 장점이다. 최근, 기존 제작 방식의 단점을 극복하기 위해 적층제조 방식인 선택적 레이저 용융 방법이 보철물 제작에 이용되고 있다. 선택적 레이저 용융 방법의 공정 중 급속 가열과 냉각 과정은 제작된 합금의 미세구조와 결정립을 미세화하고, 기포를 감소시켜 기존 제작 방식에 의한 합금에 비해 기계적 특성을 향상시킨다. 반면, 적층과 급속 가열 및 냉각은 다량의 잔류응력 축적을 초래하는데, 추후 기계적 특성에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서, 잔류응력을 제거하기 위해 주로 열처리를 시행하고, 회복과 재결정화에 의한 잔류응력의 감소뿐만 아니라 상변태, 석출물 및 미세구조의 균질화가 동반되어 기계적 특성의 복잡한 변화가 나타난다. 본 문헌고찰에서 코발트-크롬 합금의 제작 방식 비교 및 선택적 레이저 용융 방법으로 제작된 합금의 특징에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.552-563
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• 2019

Jackets are regarded as an element used to judge ideas and fashion trends for the age in which they are presented. This article analyzed recent tailored jacket fashion trends by categorizing jackets according to design elements. For this, design elements of tailored jackets were categorized into silhouette, collar and lapel, shoulder and sleeve, and decorative elements. We collected and categorized the changes of 491 jackets that have appeared in collections over the past 5 years. The results showed shoulder and sleeve changes (36.25%), silhouette changes (33.4%), lapel and color changes (12.6%), decorative element changes (11.2%), and no changes (6.5%). Jacket forms with changed shoulders and sleeves appeared as styles that have laterally or vertically expanded the shoulder and arm hole with the production of various sleeve forms. Silhouette changes were expressed through forms such as exaggerated silhouettes of oversized-clothing, silhouettes made through cutting or layering, and the polarization of length. Forms with a changed collar and lapel appeared with polarization trends in which lapels dramatically grow larger or narrower, diverse frontal adjustments using no-collar designs, and the utilization of shawl-collars; in addition, forms with changed decorative elements were expressed with layered decorations such as pockets or collar add-ons, adjustment changes using buttons, ribbons or zippers, and various trimmings. The analysis results show that modern female tailored jackets are being made to realize an exaggerated physical beauty of shoulder, sleeve and torsos to maximize decorative effects through new attempts in design.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.433-448
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• 2019

Oversized fashion is again in the spotlight due to the influence of retro fashion. This has created new fashion trends with methods different from those of the past. This analysis examines recent trends by sorting these looks according to new and different methods of judging their appearance. A new categorization of the oversized look and its configurations has been created, one which separates "big" looks, partial changes, and layered looks. This research was based on historical review and previous studies. Three thousand one hundred thirty-six photos of oversized looks that have appeared in collections over the past five years were gathered, and their appearance was categorized according to type. The categorization results showed that big looks (55.1%) were most prevalent, followed by partial alterations (36.35%), and layered looks (8.45%). In comparison to prior oversized clothing production, new permutations of the "Big" look expanded the silhouettes of torso, shoulders, neckline and collar. Partial changes have expanded from the broadened shoulders of the 1980s. Today these styles expand the shoulders and armholes vertically or horizontally, which dramatically exaggerates the sleeves and collar. The layered look no longer simply features overlapping layers but takes the form of over-layering through cuts and insertions. Through such analysis it is clear that modern oversized looks break away from the simple expanded forms and production methods of the past. They now attempt to realize an exaggerated beauty of form regarding each clothing component and also maximize decorative effects through innovative drafting or sewing methods.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

최근 멀티미디어 스트리밍 서비스가 활성화되면서 향후 고품질의 멀티미디어 융합 콘텐츠 서비스의 수요가 크게 증가할 것으로 예측되는 가운데, QoS가 보장된 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 멀티미디어 스트리밍 트래픽 증가에 따른 네트워크 부하증가 문제를 선결적으로 해결해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 이기종 망간의 끊김없는 이동성 지원을 통한 효율적인 네트워크 리소스 관리 및 이동성 지원 기술이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 네트워크 상황정보를 사전에 인지하고 핸드오버지연으로 인한 패킷 손실을 줄이기 위해 MIH기술을 활용하였으며, FPMIPv6 통합망에서의 계층형 이동성 관리기법 도입을 통한 지능형 인터페이스 제공이 가능한 ACLMIH-FHPMIPv6(Advanced Cross-Layering Algorithm for MIH over FHPMIPv6)설계기법을 제안한다.