• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2021

Purpose: Although insulin is usually injected into the abdominal subcutaneous fat, in pregnancy women tend to avoid abdominal injections due to concern about fetal damage. Prior studies have been limited to only measuring skin-subcutaneous fat thickness (S-ScFT) at one site at specific pregnancy points. This study aimed to measure S-ScFT across several abdominal sites and over the gestational period in Korean pregnant women. This can identify which site would be relatively safe for subcutaneous injection during pregnancy. Methods: Healthy women over 24 weeks of pregnancy in Korea were invited to voluntarily participate in this descriptive study. For the 142 women, S-ScFT of 12 sites in the abdomen were measured by ultrasound, several times over the pregnancy. Each incidence was treated as a case and a total of 262 cases were analyzed. Results: The mean S-ScFT during pregnancy was 1.14±0.47 cm (1.25±0.54 cm at 24⁺⁰-27⁺⁶ weeks; 1.17±0.48 cm at 28⁺⁰-31⁺⁶ weeks; 1.09+0.40 cm at 32⁺⁰-35⁺⁶ weeks; and 1.06±0.47 cm at 36⁺⁰-40 weeks of pregnancy). Most S-ScFT were thicker than 10 mm. But S-ScFTs in the lateral abdomen and some sites were suboptimal (<6 mm), especially in the pre-pregnancy underweight body mass index group, who had a high rate of suboptimal thickness (27.1% overall and 33.9% in the lateral side). Conclusion: The whole abdomen seems to be appropriate for subcutaneous injection in most Korean women during pregnancy, with a 4 to 5-mm short needle. However, for the lateral abdomen, making the skin fold might be needed for fetal safety.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

초고층 건물에서 수평변위 제어와 수직부재에서 발생하는 부등축소에 대한 검토가 필수적이다. 수평변위 제어를 위해 근래에 아웃리거 구조시스템과 메가 구조시스템을 횡력저항시스템으로 사용한 초고층 건물이 증가하고 있다. 또한, 부등축소로 인한 구조적 문제를 해결하기 위해 부등축소량 예측과 예측결과를 통한 시공단계에서의 보정방법이 연구되어 왔으나 부등축소에 대한 횡력저항시스템의 영향 비교는 드문 편이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 수평변위 제어를 위해 아웃리거 구조시스템과 메가 구조시스템을 사용한 60층 규모의 철근콘크리트 주거용 초고층 건물에 대해 시공단계해석을 통한 부등축소를 비교하고 그 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 또한, 부등축소는 비구조요소의 파손 및 구조요소에 부가하중을 유발하기도 하며 부등축소가 야기한 문제는 초고층 건물에서 중요한 부재를 손상시킬 수 있으므로 각 횡력저항시스템별로 수직부재의 부등축소에 대한 영향을 분석하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2022

Lipoma is one of the most common benign soft tissue tumors. However, giant lipomas compressing and deforming the neurovascular structure rarely occur in the lateral neck. A 70-year-old man visited our outpatient clinic for treatment of a visible painless neck mass that had been identified 2 years prior. Neck magnetic resonance imaging revealed that a 10 × 9 × 4 cm fatty mass located between the sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles invaded the carotid sheath. Under general anesthesia, the mass was excised without damage to the adjacent neurovascular structures. Upon histopathological examination, the mass was identified as a lipoma. During the surgery, enlargement of the internal jugular vein was observed under the resected mass. However, on ultrasound examination, the function of the internal jugular vein was evaluated as good. No recurrence or neurological and vascular complications were reported during a 6-month follow-up after the surgery. As a giant lipoma located in the deep layer of the lateral neck can deform important cervical structures, its impact on the surrounding structures should be carefully assessed preoperatively to minimize the rate of possible complications.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2022

Seismic resisting self-centering bridge piers with high energy dissipation and negligible residual displacement after an earthquake event are focus topics of current structural engineering. The energy dissipation components of typical bridge piers are often relatively single; and exhibit a certain level of damage under earthquakes, leading to large residual displacements and low cumulative energy dissipation. In this paper, a novel socket self-centering bridge pier with a hybrid energy dissipation system is proposed. The seismic resilience of bridge piers can be improved through the rational design of annular grooves and rubber cushions. The seismic response was evaluated through the finite element method. The effects of rubber cushion thickness, annular groove depth, axial compression ratio, and lateral strength contribution ratio of rubber cushion on the seismic behavior of bridge piers are systematically studied. The results show that the annular groove depth has the greatest influence on the seismic performance of the bridge pier. Especially, the lateral strength contribution ratio of the rubber cushion mainly depends on the depth of the annular groove. The axial compression ratio has a significant effect on the ultimate bearing capacity. Finally, the seismic design method is proposed according to the influence of the above research parameters on the seismic performance of bridge piers, and the method is validated by an example. It is suggested that the range of lateral strength contribution ratio of rubber cushion is 0.028 ~ 0.053.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

목적: AO C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절의 치료로서 대퇴골 외측에 금속판을 삽입한 후, 관절경 보조하 최소 침습적 금속판 제거를 시행하였던 환자들을 대상으로 술식의 유용성을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 10월부터 2005년 11월까지 AO C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절로 관혈적 정복 및 대퇴골 외측면에 금속판 내고정술을 시행하였던 환자들 중 대퇴골 외과 부위의 불편감으로 인해 관절경 보조하 최소 침습적 금속판 제거를 시행하였던 17예와 관절경 없이 고식적인 방법으로 금속판 제거슬 시행한 15예, 총 32예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 42.6세(20~66세), 최초 골절 상태는 AO/ASIF 분류상 C1 16예, C2 11예, C3 5예였다. 술 중 확인된 관절내 병변, 술 후 합병증 및 술 후 일상 생활로의 복귀 시간, 수술에 대한 만족도, 술 전 및 술 후 6개월 추시상의 슬관절 통증을 조사하였다. 결과: 전 예에서 금속판의 최고 원위부는 슬관절 내에 위치하였고, 23예에서 이와 접촉하는 외측 관절낭의 손상이 확인되었다. 관절경 보조하 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군에서 금속판 제거술 후 지속적 창상 배액으로 세척술 및 창상 재 봉합술을 시행한 경우가 1예 있었다. 술 후 일상 생활로의 복귀는 관절경 보조하 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군에서 평균 7일이었고, 고식적 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군에서 평균 7.6일 이었다. 관절경 보조하 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군은 14예(82.4%)에서 '보통' 이상의 수술 만족도를 보였으며, VAS 통증 지수는 수술 전 4.9에서 수술 후 6개월에 1.9로 감소하였다. 고식적 금속판 제거술을 시행한 군은 13예(86.7%)에서 보통' 이상의 수술 만족도를 보였으며, VAS 통증 지수는 수술전 5.2에서 수술 후 6개월에 2.5로 감소하였다. 결론: 본 술식은 원위 대퇴골에 삽입된 금속판 제거와 함께 슬관절 내의 다양한 병변의 확인 및 치료가 가능한 장점이 있었다. C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절의 치료를 위해 삽입된 금속판에 의한 슬관절 외측 관절낭의 손상이 매우 빈번히 확인되었고, 금속판을 제거함으로서 슬관절 통증이 감소하는 것을 확인하였음으로, C-형 원위 대퇴골 골절과 같이 금속판의 최고 원위부가 관절내에 위치하는 경우에는 골절의 유합이 이루어지면 금속판을 제거되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2005

높은 현지응력 조건하에서는 굴착 후에 응력 재분배와 응력 교란에 의해 발생하는 터널 주변의 손상영역을 평가할 필요가 있다. 따라서 암석의 변형 및 파괴 특성을 규명하는 것이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 미소균열들의 전파와 결합에 의해 형성되는 암석의 파괴 및 손상 메커니즘을 점이동 회귀분석 기법과 단축압축시험 동안 측정된 미소파괴음으로부터 조사하고자 하였다. 특히 암석의 손상기준들을 보다 체계적으로 결정하기 위한 수정 방법을 새롭게 제안하였고 성공적으로 적용하였다. 실험결과, 황등화강암과 여산대리석 모두에서 균열개시응력과 균열손상응력은 단축압축강도의 각각 $33{\~}36\%$와 $84{\~}89\%$ 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 여산대리석에서 정규화한 균열닫힘응력 수준은 황등화강암과 비교할 때 더욱 크게 나타났다. 또한 황등화강암에서 발생한 축방향 변형은 탄성변형 단계와 초기 미소균열 발생 과정에서 크게 발생하였다. 하지만 여산대리석에서 발생한 축방향 변형은 초기 균열들의 닫힘과 불안정한 균열전파에 의해 주로 발생하였다. 반면 단축압축조건하에서 암석의 횡방향 변형은 거의 대부분 균열손상응력 수준 이후에 발생하는 불안정한 균열전파로 인해 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.625-640
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• 2022

Maglev rail joints are vital components serving as connections between the adjacent F-type rail sections in maglev guideway. Damage to maglev rail joints such as bolt looseness may result in rough suspension gap fluctuation, failure of suspension control, and even sudden clash between the electromagnets and F-type rail. The condition monitoring of maglev rail joints is therefore highly desirable to maintain safe operation of maglev. In this connection, an online damage detection approach based on three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and time-frequency characterization is developed for simultaneous detection of multiple damage of maglev rail joints in this paper. The training and testing data used for condition evaluation of maglev rail joints consist of two months of acceleration recordings, which were acquired in-situ from different rail joints by an integrated online monitoring system during a maglev train running on a test line. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method is applied to transform the raw monitoring data into time-frequency spectrograms (TFS). Three CNN architectures, i.e., small-sized CNN (S-CNN), middle-sized CNN (M-CNN), and large-sized CNN (L-CNN), are configured for trial calculation and the M-CNN model with excellent prediction accuracy and high computational efficiency is finally optioned for multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints. Results show that the rail joints in three different conditions (bolt-looseness-caused rail step, misalignment-caused lateral dislocation, and normal condition) are successfully identified by the proposed approach, even when using data collected from rail joints from which no data were used in the CNN training. The capability of the proposed method is further examined by using the data collected after the loosed bolts have been replaced. In addition, by comparison with the results of CNN using frequency spectrum and traditional neural network using TFS, the proposed TFS-CNN framework is proven more accurate and robust for multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.572-586
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Sasim-tang (SST) on proinflammatory cytokine production in a photothrombotic ischemia mouse model. Methods : Photothrombotic ischemia was induced in stereotactically held male Balb/c mice using rose bengal (10 mg/kg) and cold light. The target of photothrombotic ischemic lesion was 1 mm anterior to bregma and 3 mm lateral to midline with 2 mm in diameter, which are decreased by oral administration of SST. Results : SST protected ischemic death of brain cells through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and catalytic activation of caspase-3 protease in photothrombotic ischemia mouse model. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that SST can have protective effects on brain cell damage in a photothrombotic ischemia mouse model.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권2E호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

The main objective of this research is to examine the behavior of high-strength concrete(HSC) columns. Eight test columns in one-third scale were tested under the conditions of cyclic lateral force and a constant axial load equal to 30% of the column axial load capacity. The $200{\times}200mm$ square columns were reinforced with eight DB bars constituting a longitudinal steel ratio of 2.54% of the column cross-sectional area. The main experimental parameters were volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement(${\rho}_s$=1.58, 2.25 percent), tie configuration(Type H, Type C, Type D) and tie yield strength($f_{yh}$=548.8 and 779.1 MPa). It was found that the hysteretic behaviour and ultimate deformability of HSC columns were influenced by the amount and details of transverse reinforcement in the potential plastic hinge regions. Columns of transverse reinforcement in the amount 42 percent higher than that required by seismic provisions of ACI 318-02 showed ductile behavior. At 30% of the axial load capacity, it is recommended that the yield strength of transverse reinforcement be held equal to or below 548.8 MPa. Correlations between the calculated damage index and the damage progress are proposed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2002

Hydrocepbalus may be an acquired or a congenital condition. We have studied the macroscopic and microscopic changes in the hydrocephalus of an inbred Sprague-Dawley rat at postnatal week 8. The animal suspected with the hydrocephalus showed clinical syndromes such as depression, severe ataxia, eye abnormalities, dome-shaped head, and persistent fontanelle. With the postmortem examination, the suspected animal was clearly revealed as a severe internal hydrocephalus. In this animal, severe ventriculomegaly was limited to the third and lateral ventricles, and cortical thining was most apparent in the parieto-occipital region. With the routine histological examination, brain tissue showed aqueductal obstruction, thinning of the cerebral cortex, severe ependymal damage, subependymal edema, damage of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle, enlarged cortical vessels, and expanded ventricles. Aqueductal obstruction was observed with the appearance of simple stenosis at the level of rostral colliculus. Subsequently, the other structures of brain such as septal nucleus, caudate nucleus, and hippocampus etc. were abnormally reconstructed by hydrocephalus. This study suggests that the hydrocephalus can be taken place by primary aqueductal obstruction and this type of hydrocephalus is classified as uncommunicating type. Though the mechanism of aqueductal obstruction is not clear, the morphological studies of this case may be helpful for the further study of hydrocephalus.