• Title/Summary/Keyword: latent form

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A multivariate latent class profile analysis for longitudinal data with a latent group variable

  • Lee, Jung Wun;Chung, Hwan
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.15-35
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    • 2020
  • In research on behavioral studies, significant attention has been paid to the stage-sequential process for multiple latent class variables. We now explore the stage-sequential process of multiple latent class variables using the multivariate latent class profile analysis (MLCPA). A latent profile variable, representing the stage-sequential process in MLCPA, is formed by a set of repeatedly measured categorical response variables. This paper proposes the extended MLCPA in order to explain an association between the latent profile variable and the latent group variable as a form of a two-dimensional contingency table. We applied the extended MLCPA to the National Longitudinal Survey on Youth 1997 (NLSY97) data to investigate the association between of developmental progression of depression and substance use behaviors among adolescents who experienced Authoritarian parental styles in their youth.

A Recombinant Human ${\alpha}_1$-Antitrypsin Variant, $M_{malton}$, Undergoes a Spontaneous Conformational Conversion into a Latent Form

  • Jung, Chan-Hun;Im, Hana
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.335-339
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    • 2003
  • Many genetic variants of ${\alpha}_1$-antitrypsin have been associated with early onset emphysema and liver cirrhosis. However, the detailed structural basis of pathogenic ${\alpha}_1$-antitrypsin molecules is rarely known. Here we found that a recombinant $M_{malton}$ variant (Phe52-deleted) lost inhibitory activity by spontaneous conformational conversion into a more stable, inactive form under physiological conditions. Biochemical and spectroscopic data suggested that the variant converts into a reactive center loop-inserted conformation, resembling the latent form of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

Latent causal inference using the propensity score from latent class regression model (잠재범주회귀모형의 성향점수를 이용한 잠재변수의 원인적 영향력 추론 연구)

  • Lee, Misol;Chung, Hwan
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.615-632
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    • 2017
  • Unlike randomized trial, statistical strategies for inferring the unbiased causal relationship are required in the observational studies. The matching with the propensity score is one of the most popular methods to control the confounders in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the outcome variable. Recently, new methods for the causal inference in latent class analysis (LCA) have been proposed to estimate the average causal effect (ACE) of the treatment on the latent discrete variable. They have focused on the application study for the real dataset to estimate the ACE in LCA. In practice, however, the true values of the ACE are not known, and it is difficult to evaluate the performance of the estimated the ACE. In this study, we propose a method to generate a synthetic data using the propensity score in the framework of LCA, where treatment and outcome variables are latent. We then propose a new method for estimating the ACE in LCA and evaluate its performance via simulation studies. Furthermore we present an empirical analysis based on data form the 'National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Health,' where puberty as a latent treatment and substance use as a latent outcome variable.

Path Analysis for Identifying the Effects of Perceived Variables on Anticipated Commitment in a Merged Bank (은행합병성공에 영향을 미치는 잠재변수 규명을 위한 경로분석)

  • Sohn, So-Young;Park, Jeong-Hoon
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.506-513
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    • 1999
  • We use a path analysis to identify influential latent variables on employees' anticipated commitment to a merged bank. Survey samples are taken from Hanvit bank which is a merged form of Hanil and Sangup. Latent variables used in the path analysis are perceptions of organizational support, contact conditions, organizational unity, employee threat and organizational commitment. We find an interesting pre-merger group membership effect as well as merger pattern perceived by employees on the path for the anticipated commitment to the merged bank.

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Analysis on the Diversity of Long-Term Care Systems (장기요양보호체계의 국가별 다양성)

  • Kim, Cheol-Joo;Hong, Sung-Dae;Heo, Yun-Jung
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.75-93
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    • 2007
  • This research purposed to analyse the diversity of the long-term care system based on the dependency/independency of the aged. For this purpose, we divided the long-term care systems to three components; form of benefit, generosity of benefit and delivery system. Form of benefit is whether the benefit is cash or in-kind, and the generosity of benefit is related to the level and coverage of benefit. The last concerned to focus on provider and user selection. According to this, we tried to make an ideal type of long-term care in the perspective of citizenship and consumerism. As a result, we established four types of long-term care system; active citizen type, passive citizen type, latent citizen type, and family dependent type. And we investigated Austria, Sweden, Germany and Korea for each type empirically.

The Breast Feeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form: Development and Testing of Its Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance

  • Kim, Sun-Hee
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.333-343
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study sought to develop the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form (BFAS-SF) for use at 4 weeks postpartum, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine its measurement invariance. The latent mean score of the BFAS-SF across multiple groups was also compared. Methods: This methodological research study was conducted to develop a short form of the BFAS and to test its psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Data were collected twice for measurement invariance testing. The sample included 431 and 272 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, respectively. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported six dimensions of the BFAS-SF at 4 weeks postpartum. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for invariance of the BFAS-SF according to employment status, parity, delivery mode, and the postpartum period. There were statistically significant latent mean differences. Mothers who were unemployed and who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence, sufficient breast milk, and baby's satisfaction with breastfeeding. Conclusion: The BFAS-SF is valid, reliable, and an appropriate instrument for assessing mothers' breastfeeding adaptation. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status and delivery mode.

Basic Study on the Significance of the Disease Pre-Sign According to the Body form Type (형상(形象) 유형(類型)에 따른 질병 전조(前兆)의 의의(意義)에 대한 기초 연구-내경(內經) 오형입(五型入)을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Gyeong-Cheol;Lee, Yong-Tae;Ji, Gyu-Yong;Kim, Jong-Won;Lee, In-Sun;Kim, Jong-Hwan;Shin, Woo-Jin
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.301-307
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    • 2009
  • In korean society, the chronic life style diseases are increasing. It is caused by the approach of the aged society and the highly increasing income. Accordingly the preventive side of the health promotion and management is very important. In the oriental medicine, the general disease pre-estimate and the management program are necessary. On this point, the sign forecast is very significant in connection with the disease pre-estimate in the preventive disease management side. The sign forecast according to the human shape type diagnosis is mainly the sign of the super-early stage, The difference of the shape type has the difference of the special affinity about the disease. Accordingly we can find the sign forecast from the latent disease in the early stage. In NAE-GYEONG(內經), the theory of "five body form's type" can be pre-estimated the latent tendency and the clue of the disease and the growing tendency of disease in relation to the Differentiation of Syndrome, In the disease pre-estimate side, the graspe and management of the sign forecast from the latent disease will be the part of the new development.

Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form for mothers at 2 weeks postpartum: construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance (산후 2주 축약형 모유수유 적응 측정도구의 구성 타당도, 신뢰도와 측정 불변성)

  • Kim, Sun-Hee
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.326-335
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences in the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form (BFAS-SF) for use with mothers at 2 weeks postpartum. Methods: This methodological study was designed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the BFAS-SF at 2 weeks postpartum, with data collected from 431 breastfeeding mothers. Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to assess the factor structure and the measurement invariance across employment status, delivery mode, parity, and previous breastfeeding experience, and the latent mean differences were then examined. Results: The goodness of fit of the six-factor model at 2 weeks postpartum was acceptable. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported strict invariance of the BFAS-SF across employment status and delivery mode. Full configural invariance, full metric invariance, and partial scalar invariance across parity and full configural invariance and full metric invariance across previous breastfeeding experience were supported, respectively. The results for latent mean differences suggested that mothers who were employed showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence. Mothers who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for sufficient breast milk and baby's feeding capability. Multiparous mothers showed significantly higher scores for baby's feeding capability and baby's satisfaction with breastfeeding. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the BFAS-SF at 2 weeks postpartum are acceptable. It can be used to compare mean scores of breastfeeding adaptation according to employment status, delivery mode, and parity.

Longitudinal Study of Depression·Anxiety and Aggression in Children with Specific Profiles of Child Maltreatment (아동기 학대경험 유형과 우울불안 및 공격성 발달 간 관계에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Se-Won
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.115-134
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    • 2015
  • The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between latent classes of childhood maltreatment and depression anxiety and aggression from childhood to adolescence. 1,785 participants in a sample form Seoul Panel Study of Children were used in this study. Using latent class analysis, three classes of child maltreatment were identified: 'low maltreatment'(89.2%), 'physical+emotional abuse+neglect'(1.9%), 'physical+emotional abuse'(8.9%). Three developmental trajectories of depression anxiety were classified: 'low depression anxiety'(72.3%), 'moderate depression anxiety'(23.3%), 'high depression anxiety'(4.4%). Two developmental trajectories of aggression were revealed: 'low aggression'(89.3%), 'high aggression'(10.7%). As estimated by latent transition probability, the multiple maltreatment classes were more likely to have higher levels of depression anxiety or aggression than the no maltreatment class. There appeared to be distinct profiles of maltreatment among adolescents that had differential associations to measures of internal and external problems. The implications for both practice and policy implications are also discussed.

A Stage Model of Organizational Knowledge Management: A Latent Content Analysis (조직의 지식경영 단계모델 : 잠재내용 분석관점)

  • Lee, Jang-Hwan;Kim, Young-Gul
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2000
  • This study developed an integrated management framework for KM, consisting of four major management objects and organizational initiatives: managerial and technical initiatives. Based on the developed framework, it proposes a stage model of organizational KM from Initiation, Propagation, Integration to Networking stage with detail explanations focusing on management goals and activities. To validate the proposed stage model, this study conducted a preliminary study with a latent content analysis of 15 KM cases. Form the results, though is could not validate the time sequence of each stage because of the limited information of cases, it shows meaningful findings in that there are a kind of relationship among management goals, activities and characteristics of management object of cases.

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