• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2014

Since organized living cooperative associations sold their environment-friendly agricultural products directly to independent consumers in the past, the general distribution channels such as wholesalers had difficulty in handling these products. However, the ratio of distribution via wholesale channel has been gradually increased as consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products has expanded. This study is to address vitalization of wholesale distribution for environment-friendly agricultural products by gathering previous statistical data and analysis. In addition, statistical analysis are conducted by utilizing surveys on forwarders, consumers for environment-friendly agricultural products. As a result, the products producers ship are distributed through dealers at producers sites, producers cooperatives, or food process companies, food companies, internet shopping malls, large-scale distribution companies, consumer groups such as living cooperative associations, direct outlets at consumers sites, or exports. Among the channels, the large-scale distribution companies and franchised special shops account for 47%, the general supermarkets 15.7%, and living cooperative associations 14.6% respectively. By utilizing the research results on producers and consumers, and the distribution weight by channels for environment-friendly agricultural products, the distribution channels for living cooperative associations, wholesale markets, and large scale distribution companies are compared and evaluated. As a result, the level of producers' and consumers' satisfaction for them is the lowest since the low selling price for producers and high distribution margins.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1319-1327
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• 2015

As wind power farm (WPF) installations continue to grow, monitoring and controlling large-scale WPFs presents new challenges. In this paper, a hierarchical network architecture is proposed in order to provide remote monitoring and control of large-scale WPFs. The network architecture consists of three levels, including the WPF comprised of wind turbines and meteorological towers, local control center (LCC) responsible for remote monitoring and control of wind turbines, and a central control center (CCC) that offers data collection and aggregation of many WPFs. Different scenarios are considered in order to evaluate the performance of the WPF communications network with its hierarchical architecture. The communications network within the WPF is regarded as the local area network (LAN) while the communication among the LCCs and the CCC happens through a wide area network (WAN). We develop a communications network model based on an OPNET modeler, and the network performance is evaluated with respect to the link bandwidth and the end-to-end delay measured for various applications. As a result, this work contributes to the design of communications networks for large-scale WPFs.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

Purpose - This paper aims to examine several time series models to predict sales of department stores and discount store markets in South Korea, while other previous trial has performed sales of convenience stores and supermarkets. In addition, optimal predicted values on the underlying model can be got and be applied to distribution industry. Research design, data, and methodology - Two retailing types, under investigation, are homogeneous and comparable in size based on 86 realizations sampled from January 2010 to February in 2017. To accomplish the purpose of this research, both ARIMA model and exponential smoothing methods are, simultaneously, utilized. Furthermore, model-fit measures may be exploited as important tools of the optimal model-building. Results - By applying Holt-Winters' additive seasonality method to sales of two large-scale retailing types, persisting increasing trend and fluctuation around the constant level with seasonal pattern, respectively, will be predicted from May in 2017 to February in 2018. Conclusions - Considering 2017-2018 forecasts for sales of two large-scale retailing types, it is important to predict future sales magnitude and to produce the useful information for reforming financial conditions and related policies, so that the impacts of any marketing or management scheme can be compared against the do-nothing scenario.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12B
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• pp.1359-1370
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• 2009

In wireless sensor networks, data dissemination is based on data-centric routing that well matches the publish/subscribe communication paradigm. The publish/subscribe paradigm requires decoupling properties: space, time, and synchronization decoupling. For large-scale applications, the three decoupling properties provide scalability and robust communication. However, existing data dissemination schemes for wireless sensor networks do not achieve full decoupling. Therefore, we propose a novel data dissemination scheme that fully accomplishes the three decoupling, called ARBIETER. ARBITER constructs an independent network structure as a logical software bus. Information interworking between publishers and subscribers is indirectly and asynchronously performed via the network structure. ARBITER also manages storage and mapping of queries and data on the structure because of supporting different time connection of publishers and subscribers. Our simulation proves ARBITER show better performance in terms of scalability, network robustness, data responsibility, mobility support, and energy efficiency.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.607-613
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• 2011

This paper reviews search methods of multiple reasonable paths to implement multimodal public transportation network of Seoul. Such a large scale multimodal public transportation network as Seoul, the computation time of path finding algorithm is a key and the result of path should reflect route choice behavior of public transportation passengers. Search method of alternative path is divided by removing path method and deviation path method. It analyzes previous researches based on the complexity of algorithm for large-scale network. Applying path finding algorithm in public transportation network, transfer and loop constraints must be included to be able to reflect real behavior. It constructs the generalized cost function based on the smart card data to reflect travel behavior of public transportation. To validate the availability of algorithm, experiments conducted with Seoul metropolitan public multimodal transportation network consisted with 22,109 nodes and 215,859 links by using the deviation path method, suitable for large-scale network.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2007

A large eddy simulation method with unstructured mesh is presented. Two explicit filtering procedures are adopted for reducing the aliasing error of the nonlinear convective term and measuring the level of subgrid scale velocity fluctuation, respectively. The developed subgrid scale model is basically an eddy viscosity model which depends on both local velocity fluctuation level and local grid scale. As a validation problem, the flows around a sphere of several Reynolds numbers are simulated and some characteristic quantities are compared to experimental data and numerical results in the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.343-354
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• 2009

This study examined the factors(intrinsic cues, extrinsic cues, private brands familarity, store loyalty) influencing clothing PB preference of large-scale discount stores, and investigated the differences according to the consumer's decision types. Questionaries were collected from 316 female customers in front of the discount stores and the data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 using T-test, correlation, regression analysis and cluster analysis. The results were as follows. First of all, According to the correlation and regression analysis, the private brand preference were influenced by store loyalty and PB familiarity. Secondly, Differences are found according to the consumer's decision types. That is the price-conscions consumers regard store loyalty, PB familiarity, extrinsic cues, and PB preference more importantly than the value-conscious consumers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.118-119
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• 2018

In this study, it analyses the problems of the Fire Compartment in Goyang Bus Terminal. Based on analysed data, it is confirmed the necessity of the Smoke Compartment installation for Protecting the Smoke Spread in Large-Scale Buildings using of FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulation). In addition it suggest that the necessity of Smoke Compartment application method and Development of Design Guideline.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.311-323
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• 2014

This paper introduces recent applications of three-dimensional building/construction data modeling (3D) and building information modeling (BIM) to large-scale complex building construction projects in Japan. Recently, BIM has been utilized as a tool in construction process innovation through planning, design, engineering, procurement and construction to establish a front-loading-type design building system. Firstly, the background and introduction processes of 3D and BIM are described to clarify their purposes and scopes of applications. Secondly, 3D and BIM applications for typical large-scale complex building construction projects to improve planning and management efficiency in building construction are presented. Finally, future directions and further research issues with 3D and BIM applications are proposed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.250-253
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• 1998

This paper presents a multi-modal neural network composed of a preprocessing module and a multi-layer neural network module in order to enhance the nonlinear characteristics of neural network. The former module is based on spectral method using Chebyschev polynomials and transforms input data into spectra. The latter module identifies the system using the spectra generated by the preprocessing module. The omnibus numerical experiments show that the method is applicable to many a nonlinear dynamic system in the real world, and that preprocessing using Chebyschev polynomials reduces the number of neurons required for the multi-layer neural network.