• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2013

This study aims to theoretically examine the educational and living elements that are needed for social education in the school system and suggest an approach to apply this result to the environmental aspects of the space in schools. To do this, characteristics of space in exemplary middle school oversee were analyzed. Also, the characteristics and status of the school space environment that foster socialization were examined. In order to increase students' social skills, the following community space should be considered. 1) teaching and learning spaces facilitating a variety of teaching methods, such as lecture, discussion, seminar classes, 2) open-spaces for communication among students, such as home base, hall, library, museum, and restaurant, 3) open-spaces for STEM education, 4) transparent windows located in the boundary wall between classrooms and hallways, 5) a large performance stage for presentation of student activities and experiences, 6) smart-learning spaces for fluent ICT system in classes and in public spaces, 7) restaurants and libraries located in the middle space of the school, and 8) ecological environments for student learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

This thesis examines the shape, organization, background, and significance of the classroom space in highly appraised elementary schools since the inauguration of public education in modern times in the fields of education or architecture. This thesis acknowledges that classroom shapes comprise an auditorium-like space for a large-scale study group, a square-shaped classroom designed for simultaneous teaching for single class, and bent and L-shaped classrooms for various learning activities. Whereas the square-shaped classroom for simultaneous teaching which has lasted until now evolved around 1870, the post-1930s era witnessed the emergence of a composition in which classroom and outside space are associated, of an atypical classroom, and of Functional Unit where common space and classrooms are assembled. It is deemed that the emergence of the atypical classroom comes from the reinterpretation of learning and space pursuant to progressive pedagogical philosophy and child development theories and functional architecture theories. Thus, this thesis verifies that school construction and learning space can be newly created and the synthesis between education, child development studies, and architecture is a prerequisite to such a creation.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.56.4-57
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• 2017

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is the very first light instrument of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) to be commissioned in 2022. The instrument is a fiber feed, optical band echelle spectrograph that is capable of extremely precise radial velocity measurement. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has been involved in the development of the G-CLEF as one member of the international consortium consisted of five astronomical institutes including Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (OCIW). It is scheduled to have KASI side Critical Design Review in December 2017. In this presentation we will report the recent progress on the critical design activities for the G-CLEF Flexure Control Camera (FCC).

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

The study was conducted to analyze whether the recent trends in preference toward small and medium-sized housing in Korea represent changes in space norms. To accomplish this, the existing data from Statistics Korea and two different empirical data sets collected in 2007 and 2012 from Ulsan, Korea, were statistically analyzed through descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis with a chi-squared test and multiple regression analysis. In the analyses, the space norms of households were compared and any changes in the space norms and the related factors were determined. The space norms were mainly investigated in terms of the housing size and the number of rooms. The results are as follows: 1) since 2010, there have been changes in the housing stock distribution in terms of size. Stocks of small housing increased, while those of medium and large housing decreased. Nevertheless, the overall conditions of spatial density have improved considerably in the recent 30 years. 2) It was found that there were statistically significant differences between 2007 and 2012 in space norms. The norms for housing sized less than 99 m2 and with one or two rooms were found to have increased, while that for housing sized more than 132 m2 decreased. 3) Household size, education of the head, monthly household income, housing type and the number of bedrooms in the current dwelling were the significant explanatory variables of space norms.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4317-4335
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• 2018

Semi-supervised multi-view latent space learning is gaining considerable popularity recently in many machine learning applications due to the high cost and difficulty to obtain the large amount of label information of data. Although some semi-supervised multi-view latent space learning methods have been presented, there is still much space for improvement: 1) How to learn latent discriminant intact feature representations by employing data of multiple views; 2) How to exploit the manifold structure of both labeled and unlabeled point in the learned latent intact space effectively. To address the above issues, we propose an approach called semi-supervised multi-view manifold discriminant intact space learning ($SM^2DIS$) for image classification in this paper. $SM^2DIS$ aims to seek a manifold discriminant intact space for data of different views by making use of both the discriminant information of labeled data and the manifold structure of both labeled and unlabeled data. Experimental results on MNIST, COIL-20, Multi-PIE, and Caltech-101 databases demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed approach.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.2 s.29
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

Due to the traffic congestion of the city and public transportation-oriented policies in large cities, public transportation is receiving attention and being used increasingly. However, relatively less research on the design and distribution of public transportation network and limitations in quantitative approaches have made implementation and operation practically difficult. Over- or under-supply of transportation routes caused unbalanced connectivity among areas and, thus, differences in time, expenses and metal burden of users traveling the same distances. On the other hand, the Space Syntax theory, originally designed to calculate the connectivity of urban or architectural spaces, helps generate quantitative connectivity of whole space simply based on the spacial structure. This study modified the original Space Syntax algorithm to fit the public transportation problem and showed how it is applied to a transportation network by creating an artificial GIS network.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.33.2-33.2
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• 2016

Since the serendipitous discovery of a large-scale atomic hydrogen ($H_I$) ring discovered in the Leo I galaxy group, its origin has been under debate till today, whether it is the leftover after group formation or stripped gas structure during the galaxy-galaxy interaction. Intriguingly a number of $H_I$ clumps have been identified along the gas ring, some of which turn out to be associated with optically catalogued dwarf galaxies. The formation history based on detailed optical and $H_I$ gas properties of those dwarf galaxies will enable us to verify the origin of the Leo ring. In this work, we first probe the redshift and multi-color properties of those dwarf galaxies, using deep photometric and spectroscopic data from CFHT, Gemini and Magellan telescope.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.188-196
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• 2010

The Commercial space are changed gradually large scalized and complexed to introduce different culture exchanges and experience. However, the mass-complex commercial space are limited as of their complexed space composition or degree of space depth, which may become factors causing people to get tired easily. Thus, having a design strategy is important to create economical effectiveness in order to overcome these limitations and for the people to stay longer and do their consumption activities through more experiences and social interchanges. Recently, Jerde Partnership's who designed many complex commercial spaces made a commercial success by their unique design strategy to setup a new space and lead the interaction between space and people. The purpose of this study is based on Jerd's design concept to analyze Jerd Partnership's design strategy and space related structure to propose their space construction and design method for mass-complex commercial spaces. The results are as follows. (1)Jerde Partnership's causes the abundant space experience of the user through mass and space constitution to have a theme and a story. (2)They builds an excursion type line of flow system with an organic curve, and a non-daily experience by the change of the space scale and the application of various programs is enabled and guides the stay for the long time. (3)They builds the doorway of various courses and a circulation system through the open space and controls depth of the space. In addition, various events are performed in the center of such a circulation system, and this event makes a unique place.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.254-263
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• 2015

In this study, numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the dynamic SGS model effects in a Kerosene-LOx coaxial swirl injector under high pressure conditions. The turbulent model is based on large-eddy simulation (LES) with real-fluid transport and thermodynamics. To assess the effect of the dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model, the dynamic SGS model is compared with that of the algebraic SGS model. In a swirl injector under supercritical pressure, the characteristics of temporal pressure fluctuation and power spectral density (PSD) present comparable discrepancies dependant on the SGS models, which affect the mixing characteristics. Mixing efficiency and the probability density (PDF) function are conducted for a statistical description of the turbulent flow fields according to the SGS models. The back-scattering of turbulent kinetic energy is estimated in terms of the film thickness of the swirl injector.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.310-311
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• 2002

We designed a large bore superconducting solenoid as a source of magnetic field inside liquid-nitrogen-jacketed liquid helium dewar. The diameter of the sample space in the dewar is about 10.0 cm. Considering the space for thermal insulation between liquid helium and the sample tube, the solenoid bobbin has been designed to be 12.0 cm and the most inner layer of the solenoid 13.0 cm. The desired uniformity of the field, which is ~ $\pm$0.1％ of the central field amplitude deviation within ~5.0$^2$$\times$3.6 ㎤ with the shortest dimension along the solenoidal axis, restricted the length of the solenoid to be at least 41.14 cm.