• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.608-611
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• 2000

Large area plasma source becomes important as the substrate size increases. In this work, four inductively coupled plasma(ICP) unit sources are distributed 2${\times}$2 array. E-ICP concept is applied to the 2${\times}$2 array ICP and its effect is examined. Characteristics of the plasma are measured, and photoresist etching is performed with oxygen plasma. Good etching characteristic in terms of etching rate and uniformity can be obtained with E-ICP.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is providing useful information for consumer-friendly house plan by investigating remodeling apartments according to the area type and size. In order to achieve this aim, case study was applied. The case study was conducted of five small, medium, and large size apartments through depth-interviews, actual survey, and questionnaires on the remodeling behavior, interior design, and interior atmosphere. The results of the study are as follows: Structural alterations were frequent in communal area, and then in private and household areas. Changing lighting fixtures was frequent in all area types, and especially, in communal areas installing extra decoration was frequently observed. Besides, alterations of doors and window frames were carried out in communal, private, housework and service areas by using wood, aluminum sashes, double-glazing, and paint coating. Finally, in housework areas the material and color of counters were changed into wooden and achromatic.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.53-57
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the remodeling of apartments according to the area type and size in order to provide some information for the future plans for more consumer-friendly dwelling units. To achieve this goal, quantitative data analyses was employed. The sample was a total of 100 apartments analysed on apartments remodeling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN program package in terms of frequency, percentage, and x 2-test on the actual remodeling behaviors according to the area type and size of apartments. For the future research case studies recommended small, medium, and large sizes of apartments respectively through interviews, actual surveys, and questionnaires on remodeling behavior, interior design, and interior atmosphere according to the area type and size of apartments.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current urban forest network and future plan of forest framework using nearest features program where stepping stones within 5km from the core forest were selected in the program. We found several conclusions as follows: First, we found that cities in inland area including Daegu, Dajeon and Gwangju have quite different types of forest network with comparing to the cities nearby coastline including Busan, Incheon and Ulsan. The cities in inland area have large mountain patch around each city. However they have small and lower number of island forests within their urban area. Otherwise, cities nearby coastline have more forest patches than in the cities in inland area, and Busan and Incheon especially have strong forest network using various size of forest patches. Second, Daegu and Daejeon have much smaller forest patches distributed in each urban area. So additional forest patches should be added to have highly strong forest network within urban area. Third, Ulsan and Gwangju have most stepping-stone forests close to the large mountain patches in suburban area, which are not able to connect to the forest patches in the central area of each city So additional forest patches are needed to be added in the central area of each city for reinforcing the effect of stepping stone in the central area. Though there should be an addition approach except for forest size and its isolation to construct the ecological network in an urban area, this indices can be a good method to check an environmental and ecological status in an urban area.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2009

Recently, inkjet technology has emerged as one of the most powerful tools for patterning electronics devices, such as large area display applications, RFID, PCB patterning, etc. By using the Inkjet technology, the droplet speed as well as the size can be controlled precisely. In this paper, the relationship between waveform and droplet size will be investigated by means of experiment. Also the relationship between inkjet speed and droplet size will be discussed. It was shown from experimental results that ink droplet size from the nozzle diameter of $50{\mu}m$ can be varied from 37 to $58{\mu}m$ by modifying the inkjet waveform when the speed of the droplet is 1m/sec. Finally, experimental results indicate that small drops are more difficult to generate than large drops since the jetting conditions for making small drops are sensitively affected by the dwell time variation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2004

This study was carried out to develop new varieties with early maturing and large fruit size in the Korean native dogwood (Cornus kousa) for woody landscape plants from native sites or cultivated area. The results are obtained as follows; We selected strains with early maturing and large fruit. size from the habitats from 2000 to 2003. ‘SKK 2-1’ had 4.0cm of fruit size while 2.0 cm of native variety. In addition, ‘SKK 2-2’, ‘SKK 2-3’, ‘SKK 2-4’, and ‘SKK 2-5’ with large fruit and early maturing were preliminary selected from the habitats. In the preliminary selections, ‘SKK 2-1’ was finally selected as new early maturing variety with large fruits in 2003. New early maturing variety with large fruit size, C. kousa var. ‘SKK 2-1’ was selected from 200 plants of 5-year-old seedlings in C. kousa in 5-12 Nung wean ri Goo sung myun Yong In, Kyung gi do, Korea in 2000. Their fruits were colorized in September 18, 20∼25 days earlier than October 7 of native varieties. Its fruit diameter is larger than 4cm. Its fruit weight was 5 times as heavy as native cultivars grown in Korea. This useful characters were still inherited after grafting. However, characteristics of growth, leaf, flower, and flowering period were not different from those of native varieties. Therefore, it was very promising landscape woody plant, having large fruits in early fall season. The rooting rate of Korean dogwood was high by the IBA treatment. The optimum date for softwood cutting was on June 25 ∼ July 25 when the rooting rate was more than 80%. In addition. Korean dogwood was easily propagated by grafting. Therefore, new early maturing variety with large fruits, C. kousa var. ‘SKK 2-1’ is easily propagated by softwood cutting or grafting and then is a promising cultivar as a woody landscape plant.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2007

In this study, the influence of the construction of a large sized building on the flow and level of groundwater in a metropolitan area was investigated with simulation model MODFLOW for a selected area located in Gangseo-gu, Seoul, where a large business center was scheduled to be built. It was simulated that the groundwater level in the study area was suddenly lowered by the construction of a large building and groundwater in the surrounding area fast flowed into the study area. And even after the construction finished, the falling down of groundwater level consistently continued in some degree. The flow state of groundwater appeared to be the same in both cases where a soil cement wall is applied and where it is not during the construction. But for the case of application of a soil cement wall as the amount of groundwater flowing into the study site became reduced, it was estimated that the time for underground watershed getting far away from the site was also reduced and the influence of a building construction on the surrounding groundwater became reduced. Thus, it is deemed necessary that recharging the spilled ground water and rainfall into the construction area to lessen the abrupt change in flow and level of ground water should be considered in design of construction of a large sized building in a metropolitan area.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2013

In this study, by using nickel chloride solution as a raw material, a nano-sized nickel oxide powder with an average particle size below 50 nm was produced by spray pyrolysis reaction. A spray pyrolysis system was specially designed and built for this study. The influence of nozzle tip size on the properties of the produced powder was examined. When the nozzle tip size was 1 mm, the particle size distribution was more uniform than when other nozzle tip sizes were used and the average particle size of the powder was about 15 nm. When the nozzle tip size increases to 2 mm, the average particle size increases to roughly 20 nm, and the particle size distribution becomes more uneven. When the tip size increases to 3 mm, particles with an average size of 25 nm and equal to or less than 10 nm coexist and the particle size distribution becomes much more uneven. When the tip size increases to 5 mm, large particles with average size of 50 nm partially exist, mostly consisting of minute particles with average sizes in the range of 15~25 nm. When the tip size increases from 1 mm to 2 mm, the XRD peak intensities greatly increase while the specific surface area decreases. When the tip size increases to 3 mm, the XRD peak intensities decrease while the specific surface area increases. When the tip size increases to 5 mm, the XRD peak intensities increase again while the specific surface area decreases.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2010

연구 목적: $\beta$-Tricalcium phosphate/Hydroxyapatite ($\beta$-TCP/HA) 입자가 혼합된 합성 골 이식재의 particle size가 토끼의 두개골에서 타이타늄 메쉬를 이용해 시행된 골유도 재생술의 결과에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 여섯 마리의 수컷 뉴질랜드 산 백토끼 (5 kg)를 이용하여 실험 하였다. 토끼 두개골의 정 중앙을 절개하고 전층 판막을 형성하여 박리하였다. 두개골의 네 부위에 6 mm 직경의 트레핀 바 (XTP 5406; Dentium, Seoul, Korea)로 원형의 홈을 형성한 후 blood supply를 위해 원형의 홈안에 1 mm 직경의 라운드 바로 다섯 개의 작은 구멍을 형성하였다. 형성된 네 개의 홈 위에 표준화되어 맞춤 제작된 반구형 타이타늄 메쉬 (높이 3 mm, 직경 6 mm; Dentium, Seoul, Korea)를 위치시키고 세 개의 2 mm 길이의 티타늄 핀 (Dentium, Seoul, Korea)을 이용하여 고정하였다. 대조군은 이식재를 포함시키지 않았고 나머지 타이타늄 메쉬들은 실험군으로서 서로 다른 세 가지 크기의 이식재를 각각 담아서 고정하였다. 이식재 ($Osteon^{(R)}$, Dentium, Seoul, Korea)의 성분은 HA와 $\beta$-TCP ($\beta$-TCP/HA)가 혼합되어 있는 합성골 이식재이며 실험군으로 사용한 이식재의 크기는 각각 small (0.3 - 0.5 mm), medium (0.5 - 1.0 mm), large (1.0 - 2.0 mm) size 였다. 8주의 치유기간 후에 토끼를 희생시킨 후 조직 표본을 제작하고 CCD 카메라 (Polaroid DMC2 digital Microscope Camera (Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA))가 부착되어 있는 광학 현미경 (Olympus BX, Tokyo, Japan)을 이용하여 두 가지 배율 (12.5배, 40배)로 조직학적 소견을 관찰하였다. 신생 골부위와 남은 골이식재 부위의 넓이를 측정하여 타이타늄 메쉬 내부 공간에서 차지하는 면적의 비율(%)을 구하였다. 그 수치들을 Mann-Whitney U-test와 Wilcoxon signed rank-test를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다 ($\alpha$ = .05). 결과: 대조군과 $\beta$-TCP/HA를 이식한 나머지 세 군의 신생골 형성을 비교하면 통계적으로 유의하게 $\beta$-TCP/HA를 이식한 군에서 신생골 형성이 더 많았다 (P = .003). 서로 다른 particle size 간 비교에서는 신생골 형성에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 하지만 형성된 수직골 총량 (신생골과 이식골의 면적의 합)을 각 그룹 간에 비교해 보면 대조군보다 $\beta$-TCP/HA를 이식한 군이 통계적으로 더 많은 비율을 나타내었고 (P = .001), 특히 $\beta$-TCP/HA 이식 군간 비교에서는 medium size 군이 large particle size 군보다 통계적으로 더 큰 면적을 나타내었다 (P = .039). 그러나 large particle size 군과 small particle size 군 사이 그리고 medium size 군과 small particle size 군 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P> .05). 결론: 티타늄 메쉬를 이용한 수직골 증대술에서 $\beta$-TCP/HA 합성골을 사용하는 경우 수직골 형성에 기여하며 특히 medium size (0.5 - 1.0 mm)의 $\beta$-TCP/HA 이식재가 large size 이식재 보다 더 우수한 수직골 형성의 결과를 보였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.84-94
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• 2020

Jeju Island is seeking reliable ways to secure alternative water resources using rainwater in order to conserve and manage its groundwater as sustainable water resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rainwater storage capability of small-size storage facilities installed at farmhouses in Uigwi and Wimi of Namwon-eup region. The rainwater outflows from the storage facilities in rain events were analyzed. The appropriate size of rainwater utilizing facilities are suggested to be about 5,800 ㎥ in Uigwi area and 4,900 ㎥ in Wimi area based on the calculation from the rainfall frequency and runoff amounts. If those facilities are put into operation in Uigwi and Wimi area, it is estimated approximately 32.3 and 11.5% of total agricultural water can be supplied by the facilities. Wimi area showed low rainwater usage because of less number of facilities relative to the size of farm areas and less intensive underground water usage. It is analyzed that more than 55% of agricultural water can be supplied by rainwater if 70 facilities without the rainwater facilities are connected to the rainwater utilizing facilities.