• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2014

The distribution channel of meat by-products from the pig farm to the final consumer can include a meat processor, wholesale market, wholesaler, retailer, and butcher shop. Bacterial contamination at any of these steps remains to be a serious public health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution channel and microbial characteristics of pig by-products in Korea. Upon evaluation of pig by-products in cold storage, we found that the small and large intestine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pH value compared to the heart and liver. The total plate counts were not significantly different among offals until cold storage for 7 d. The coliform count after 1 d of cold storage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in small and large intestine than in the other organs. The coliform count of heart, liver, and stomach showed a higher coliform count than small and large intestine until 7 d of cold storage. As determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, contamination of major pig by-products with Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., and other bacterial species occurred. Therefore, our results suggest that a more careful washing process is needed to maintain quality and hygiene and to ensure the safety of pig by-products, especially for small and large intestine.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.37-60
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• 2010

백화점은 우리나라 유통시장에서 전통적인 대형 유통업체로 자리를 잡고 있었다. 1997년 우리나라의 외환위기 이후, 백화점은 3사를 중심으로 집중도가 높아지면서 납품업자와의 관계에서 우월적인 지위를 가지게 되었다. 그 중에 하나가 판매수수료이다. 판매수수료란 제조업체를 대신하여 제품 판매에 기여를 한 유통업체가 판매 가격에 일정 부분을 가져가는 것을 의미한다. 즉, 백화점에 입점한 업체들이 제품 판매액의 일정부분을 백화점에 지불하는 것이다. 그런데 납품업체의 입장에서는 이러한 판매수수료가 매우 높다고 인식하고 있다. 그러나 한편에서, 백화점은 납품업체를 대신하여 고객을 모으고 판촉활동을 하여 새로운 부가가치를 창출하는 역할을 하기 때문에 단순히 판매수수료가 높다고 말하는 것은 부당하다고 주장하고 있다. 이러한 상황이 발생한 것은 백화점이 직매입 보다는 수수료 위주의 매장 운영을 보이기 때문이다. 백화점의 수입은 판매수수료에 좌지우지 될 수밖에 없고, 규모화와 백화점 브랜드파워를 통한 거래교섭력 증대로, 납품업체와의 관계에서 판매수수료의 주도권을 높이고 있다. 따라서 이러한 백화점의 판매수수료와 관련된 대응정책으로 백화점의 독과점 구조 심화를 방지해야 하며, 납품업체와 공정한 계약 체결을 할 수 있도록 공정거래위원회의 불공정거래행위에 대한 감시가 강화되어야 할 것이다. 한편으로는, 백화점 업계의 자율적인 상생과 공정거래가 정착되도록 하는 환경조성도 병행되어야 할 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2016

As consumers' interest in social responsibility (SR) has greatly increased in the last two decades, a growing body of academic research has examined the influence of consumers' environmental consciousness on their attitudes and purchase intentions toward environment-friendly apparel products. Use of environment-friendly shopping bags (EFSB; recycled and reusable bags) is an example of how apparel retailers engage in SR. However, little research has examined consumers' perceptions and their responses to the use of EFSB. To fill this research gap, this study examined the impact of young consumers' perceptions of EFSB and environmental consciousness on their attitudes and purchase intentions toward apparel retailers using EFSB. An online survey was conducted for data collection. A convenience sample of 212 college students was obtained from a large mid-Southern university in the U.S. A simple linear regression analysis was conducted to test all hypotheses. Results showed that young consumers' perceptions of EFSB positively influenced their environmental consciousness and their attitudes toward apparel retailers that use EFSB, which led to purchase intentions toward the retailers. Findings confirmed that young consumers placed a great degree of importance on EFSB and, therefore, would purchase apparel from retailers that use recycled or reusable shopping bags. These findings imply that providing EFSB is important in enhancing positive attitudes and purchase intentions toward apparel retailers.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-75
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• 1996

Apple is most favorable fruit in Korea, and apple farmland has been increased before and after the agreements of Uruguay Round and apple is considered as one of strategic agricultural products. Especially expansion of apple farmland is concentrated in Kyungpook region because of the suitable climate and its market share is about 70 percents in 1992. The marketing channels of apples of Kyungpook region are widely classified by merchant, agricultural or horticultural co-op and large scale farmer's. Among them market share of merchant's occupy over 65 percent. In marketing margins, commercial profit is higher than cost in total marketing margins and, assembler and retailer's margin is not less than wholesaler's. The fluctuation of the price of apple is high in year. The marketing problems of apples are several, first, complex marketing channels, secondly, the high percentage of market share by growing district assembler, thirdly, low rate of package and quality standardization, finally, concentration of shipment of apple because of the shortage of apple processing, storage and marketing facilities, of newly produced apples. In conclusion, to increase apple grower's income with the stabilization of supply and quality upgrade, the improvement measures of marketing system are as follows, first, government level's support in marketing facilities and mechanism, secondly, the increment of supply by grower's cooperatives, thirdly, the establishment of a serious of marketing system to increase the efficiency, fourthly, the establishment of cold-chain system and quality standardization of apple, finally, production of various kinds of apple processing goods.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2021

Despite the growing online exposure of retailes, offline retail channels still outperform online channels in the total retail volume of some countries. There is much interest in the physical layout plans of retail stores to expand sales. Product placement that have a large impact on customer purchasing behavior at offline retailers influences customer movement and sales volume. But in many cases, each retailer relies on unsystematic and autonomous product placement. When multiple products are sold with one purchase, the customer's movement for shopping may be evaluated in terms of customer efficiency and additional impulse purchase. In this paper, the social network is applied to sales data of a retail store and the result is used for evaluation of product placement and customer path. The frequent sales product composition was identified using k-core from sales data in the form of shopping baskets. The location was checked for the identified compositions of products, the spatial variance was measured and the customer's path was identified. With these results, the store arrangement of products was evaluated with appropriate improvement directions. The analysis method of this paper can be an alternative analysis approach for better layout of retail stores.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

Purpose: Support policies for small and medium-sized retailers (SMSRs) have been promoted in various ways over the past 20 years, but they are generally regarded as unsuccessful. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process and impact of policy changes, identify the reasons for the lack of success, and explore policy alternatives. Research design, data and methodology: This study explored major policies in various categories such as the retail industry, traditional markets, and Micro-Enterprises from the mid-1990s to the present. It also analyzed the short- and long-term impacts of major policies at the retail format level like SMSRs, using data from Statistics Korea's service industry survey. Results: This research found that sudden shifts in policy philosophy conflicted with the existing market structure and reduced the effectiveness of policies. It also found that policies aimed at improving competitiveness at the SMSRs-level had some effect, while polices aimed at supporting expenses at the individual store-level were difficult to achieve their intended purpose. Conclusions: The failure of the policy to support SMSRs is fundamentally due to the late response and conflicts between policies. It was also not successful due to the policy's focus on individual store-level expenses and maintaining employment rather than structural improvements of SMSRs format.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2017

For the competitive business environment under purchase dependence, this paper proposes a new approximate calculation of order fill rate which is a probability of satisfying a customer order immediately using the existing inventory. Purchase dependence is different to demand dependence. Purchase dependence treats the purchase behavior of customers, while demand dependence considers demand correlation between items, between regions, or over time. Purchase dependence can be observed in such areas as marketing, manufacturing systems, and distribution systems. Traditional computational methods have a difficulty of the curse of dimensionality for the large cases, when deriving the stationary joint distribution which is utilized to calculate the order fill rate. In order to escape the curse of dimensionality and protect the solution from diverging for the large cases, we develop a greedy iterative search algorithm based on the Gauss-Seidel method. We show that the greedy iterative search algorithm is a dependable algorithm to derive the stationary joint distribution of on-hand inventories in the retailer system by conducting a comparison analysis of a greedy iterative search algorithm with the simulation. In addition, we present some managerial insights such as : (1) The upper bound of order fill rate can be calculated by the one-item pure system, while the lower bound can be provided by the pure system that consists of all items; (2) As the degree of purchase dependence declines while other conditions remain same, it is observed that the difference between the lower and upper bounds reduces, the order fill rate increases, and the order fill rate gets closer to the upper bound.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2012

최근 유통업체 브랜드 즉, PB(private brand)의 시장점유율이 커지고 있다. PB의 매출 및 시장 점유율뿐만 아니라 소비자들의 관심 또한 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. PB는 제조업체 브랜드 대비 20~30%의 높은 마진율등의 장점을 기반으로 대형 마트를 중심으로 매출 향상과 차별적인 마케팅을 위해 PB 브랜드 상품의 판매 비율을 높이려는 공격적인 움직임이 나타나고 있다. 국내에서도 PB상품의 영향력은 유통업계에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 유통업체의 PB확대 방향은 중소유통업체 및 제조업체의 영업이익을 감소시키고, 기존의 제조업체 브랜드의 인지도 약화 등이 우려될 수 있다. 특히 제조업체 브랜드를 가지고 있으면서도 유통업체에 PB상품을 납품하는 제조업체는 큰 불만을 호소하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소비자의 PB상품에 대한 인식과 PB상품 현황조사를 통해 체계적인 분석을 실시한다. 소비자, 유통사, 제조사 분석을 바탕으로 PB 상품이 제조업체 및 중소업체에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 대응방안을 마련하고자 한다. 이러한 분석을 통한 정책적 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 힘의 불균형을 시정하고 보완하는 정부의 규제가 시급하다. 둘째, 상호동반성장 정책을 통해 PB상품을 활성화 시켜야한다. 셋째, 상표권등록 관리를 강화하여 유사상표 침해로 인한 피해사례를 감소시켜야 할 것이다. 넷째, PNB 상품 활성화를 통해 제조업체와 유통업체의 상호성장을 도모해야할 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to seek determinants of department store sales commission rates under consignment contracts based on transaction cost theory, the power-dependence view, and the resource-based view. A consignment contract is a unique contract where the retailer, over a given period, takes possession of goods owned by a supplier, promotes the sales of these goods, and receives a profit share from their sales. Under this contract, the supplier owns the goods until they are sold. In department stores in South Korea, over 70% of overall sales comes through consignment contracts. In other words, this is the most popular contract agreement between large retailers and vendors in South Korea. Consignment contracts yield high profits to department stores with minimal sales uncertainty, stock cost, and marketing investment. Many suppliers believe the consignment contract commission rates are too high. However, department stores disagree. They state that the commissions are not high as they generate new value for the suppliers by accumulating up-to-date merchandise and supporting various marketing programs on their behalf. Recently, consignment contracts have been critically examined and scrutinized by politicians, mass media, and the public of Korea. This study further intends to derive implications reflecting both buyer and seller perspectives as well as offer insights to policy makers in making appropriate decisions. Research design, data, and methodology - To verify the proposed research model and test hypotheses, the authors selected 164 suppliers, which currently have relationships with department stores. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed model. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS structural equation modeling program Results - For the transaction cost theory and the power-dependence view, the results indicated that product diversity and demand volatility had a positive impact on the sales dependence on a department store. Dependence in turn had a positive effect on the sales commission under the consignment contract. Based on the resource-based view, the department store's marketing capability, the supplier's perception toward merchandising, and supporting activities could enhance the department store's channel leadership in the buyer-seller relationship. Subsequently, the channel leadership had a positive effect on the sales commission. However, product complexity had no relationship with department store dependence. Conclusions - This is the first empirical research that investigates the determinants of sales commissions under consignment contracts in the domestic retail industry. This study reveals several theoretical and practical implications for both marketing scholars and marketers. In terms of theoretical implication, this study integrated and enlarged certain theoretical background, such as transaction cost theory, the power-dependence view, and the resource-based view, to explain the determinants of sales commissions under consignment contracts that include sales revenue. From a business management viewpoint, this research offers useful insights for policy makers by applying two different perspectives, both the manufacturer and the retailer, in terms of the sales commission issue under a consignment contract.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2018

본 연구는 대형유통업체 가정간편식 PB상품에 대한 1인가구의 주관적 인식에 관한 연구로 가정간편식 PB상품을 구입하여 경험해 본 1인가구 소비자를 대상으로 주관적인 경향을 알아보기 위해 Q방법론을 적용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 사회구조적으로 변화하는 인구구조에 따라 대형유통업체가 개발 및 출시하는 HMR형태의 PB상품이 1인가구에 어떠한 의미와 주관적인 수용의 모습을 나타내는지 Q방법론적 연구를 통해 살펴봄으로써 그 함의를 분석하며, 앞으로의 대형유통업체의 1인가구를 위한 외식상품개발 및 출시의 다양한 방향성과 그 개선책에 대해서 제안하는데 목적을 두고자 한다. 이러한 연구문제를 기반으로 하여 유형 분석결과 5가지 유형으로 도출되었다. 구체적으로, 제 1유형(N=5) : 브랜드 이미지 신뢰형(Brand image trust type), 제 2유형(N=5) : NB상품 선호형(NB product preference type), 제 3유형(N=2) : 간편조리 추구형(Easy cooking preference type), 제 4유형(N=2) : 가격대비 맛 추구형(Pursuing taste for price type), 제 5유형(N=2) : 가격대비 양적 추구형(Quantitative pursuit for price type)으로 각각 분석되었다.