• Water Engineering Research
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

With increasing recognition on conservation of endangered species in Taiwan, one of the major conservation projects is the habitat restoration of Formosan Landlocked Salmon which is major threatened by check dams in the channel for their blockading pathway to upstream and causing the problems of population isolation and close-blood mating. By creating an opening in the central dam body appropriately, partial removal dams can provide pathway for the fish for the better upstream channel habitat. Four check dams at Gau-Shan Creek were remodeled between April of 1999 and September of 2002 with information supported from model experiments under certain hydraulic condition of field environment. Based on the follow-up investigation, the channel morphology of observation sections is in stable condition and the total number of Formosan Landlocked Salmon in this creek increased promptly at the reach containing partial-removed dams.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2010

빙어(Hypomesus nipponensis)의 육봉형과 소하성 개체군의 특성을 연구하기 위해 2008년 12월부터 2009년 4월까지 소양호와 향호에서 조사하였다. 육봉형인 소양호 개체군과 소하성인 향호 개체군에 있어 두 집단 간에 형태적 차이는 유사하였다. 산란시기는 육봉형인 소양호에서는 3월이었고 소하성 향호에서는 2월말이었다. 성적으로 성숙하여 생식이 가능한 크기는 전장이 60mm 이상되는 개체로 육봉형과 소하성 개체군에 있어서 동일하였다. 생식소 지수는 육봉형 집단(암컷 20.5%, 수컷 3.7%)이 소하성 집단(암컷 17.4%, 수컷 3.3%)에 비해 다소 높았다. 포란수는 육봉형 개체군(평균 4,902개)이 소하성 개체군(평균 7,325개)에 비해 매우 적었고 육봉형 개체군이 소하성 개체군에 비해 전장도 매우 작았었다. 소양호 개체군의 비만도는 평균 0.60(0.49~0.74)이었고 향호의 비만도는 0.70 (0.47~0.76)이었다. 먹이생물은 동물플랑크톤과 수서곤충이었으며 향호에 서식하는 개체군이 소양호 개체군에 비해 먹이의 크기가 큰 것을 주로 섭식하고 있었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

This study aims to present about current status of logistics in Mongolia. As a landlocked country have limited the role of a maritime transportation is a very poor country. However, Mongolia is a rich country in mineral resources in the world and became a center of increasing international trade. Therefore, Mongolia wants to develop logistics as other developed countries using a strategic location. Mongolia uses international port for transit China and Russia by railway. First, this paper focuses on discussing the current situation of logistics. Second it points out some issues currently facing by the governmental policy to promote. Finally, this paper presents some recommendations for developing logistics in Mongolia. The geographical remoteness of Mongolia which results in high cost of transport causes problems for trade relations with the rest of the world to grow.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(2)
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• pp.1391-1392
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• 2005

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2020

This study empirically analyzed air transport trade patterns using data for 30 years between Korea and its trading partners in order to identify specific factors that determine the size of Korea's air transport trade. Independent variables were GDP per capita, capital distance between countries, country area data and number of airports. In addition, it reflected whether it is a landlocked country and whether it has joined the OECD, APEC and ASEAN+3. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the air cargo trade pattern in Korea is proportional to GDP per capita, and the scale increases as the distance is closer. In addition, the national area and the airport capital acted as a factor in increasing air transport trade. However, whether a country is a landlocked country did not show significant results in terms of trade, exports, and imports. The OECD, APEC, and ASEAN+3 variables were found to generally increase air transport trade.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제1권1_2호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1989

휴전선(休戰線) 이남의 한반도(韓半島)에서 채집된 가시고기 P. sinensis의 12 개체군에 대하여 인판(鱗板)의 수 및 형태의 지리적 변이를 조사하였다. 인판(鱗板)의 수에 지리적(地理的) 경사(傾斜)는 보이지 않았지만 P. sinensis sinensis가 P. sinensis kaibarae 보다 다소 더 많이 나타나고 있어 두 아종(亞種) 간에 변이폭이 달랐으나 형산강 개체군은 매우 심한 변이를 나타내고 있었다. 인판(鱗板)의 크기는 금호강의 개체군이 가장 컸다. 형산강 개체군의 것은 크기도 작고 매우 퇴화적인 경향을 나타낼 뿐 아니라 semiarmatus형(型)의 인판배열(鱗板排列)을 지닌 개체도 발견되고 있어 P. sinensis의 특수형으로 취급하였다. 육봉화(陸封化)와 인판(鱗板)의 크기 사이의 관계에서 보아, 형산강의 개체군이 가장 먼저 육봉화(陸封化)되었으며, 금호강의 개체군을 제외한 다른 P. sinensis kaibarae 개체군들은 보다 늦은 시기에 육봉화(陸封化)되었을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나, 육봉화(陸封化)되어 있으면서 내륙 깊이 존재하고 있는 금호강의 개체군이 가장 잘 발달된 인판(鱗板)을 지니고 있으며 인판(鱗板)의 수도 적지 않다는 사실에서, 이 개체군에는 염분내성(鹽分耐性) 및 육봉화(陸封化)와 인판(鱗板)의 수 및 발달이 서로 관계가 없음을 의미한다. 이러한 여러 사실로 보아 형산강과 금호강에 서식하고 있는 P. sinensis kaibarae 사이의 관계에 대해서는 보다 세밀한 조사가 요망된다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.417-418
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• 2011

Mongolia is an inland country contained between East and Central Asia. I t borders Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Mongolia uses as international port for transit Xindang/Qingdao by railway. For domestic transport, our options are varied, which include road, railway and air modes. Mongolia's government enacted some shipping ways to develop logistics around the world. ${\cdots}\;{\cdots}$ (omit).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.961-967
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• 2018

Lao-native beef cattle are primarily Bos indicus, and most ruminant production in Laos is still dominated by small-scale or backyard producers that use traditional practices, resulting in low productivity. The cattle herd size in Laos has grown by an average of 5 percent per year from 1.52 million in 2010/11 to 1.81 million in 2014/15. In 2016, the Laos cattle population was 1.88 million head, with smallholder farmers representing 98% of production despite efforts by the Laos government to develop commercial-scale farms. There were 170 commercial cattle farms in 2016, with 56 percent in the Central region of Laos. Although, overall, ruminant meat production has tended to increase but with consumption at 7.29 kg/capita/yr in 2013, it remains insufficient to meet demand. Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products used in ruminant diets include rice straw, cassava pulp and wet brewers' grains as roughage, energy and protein sources, respectively. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China in 2013 will connect China closely with all countries in Southeast Asia. This initiative will change landlocked Laos to land linked for investors who will benefit from convenient transport at a lower cost, promoting agricultural production in Laos.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Purpose: To examine the economic effects of logistics under the influence of policies. Research design, data and methodology: This study is the first to use the panel data of 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2012 to 2021, and use the OLS and DID models to evaluate whether the New Western Land-Sea Corridor (NWLSC) has promoted the economic development of the regions along the corridor. Results: The NWLSC has stimulated local economic growth by promoting the development of transportation, postal, and telecommunications industries along the corridor. Further, considering the locational differences of the regions along the NWLSC, we examined the differences in economic effects between regions along the Yangtze River and those not along the Yangtze River under the background of NWLSC implementation. We found that waterway and airway transport located along the NWLSC and in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) region can significantly promote economic growth. However, for regions located along the NWLSC but not in the YREB region, the impact of roadway, railway, and airway transport in these regions on economic growth is more significant. Conclusions: This study has important reference value on how to use logistics to promote the economic and cross-border commerce development of landlocked countries or regions.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2009

Three categories (freshwater, amphidromous, and marine fishes) of Taiwanese fishes are analyzed on the basis of zoogeographic elements, viz. China element, Indo-China element, Indo-West Pacific element, Indo-Pacific element, North-Pacific element, Japan-Oregon element, and circumtropical element. Freshwater fishes, which include the China and Indo-China elements, are distributed on part of the boundary area between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions of Wallace (1876). Diadromous fishes include the North-Pacific, Indo-China and Indo-West Pacific elements. Taiwanese salmon, a landlocked (initially diadromous) species that became established in Taiwan between 0.5 my B.P. and the early Pleistocene, is recognized as a distinct taxon included within the Oncorhynchus masou complex, which comprises here three species and two subspecies, viz. Oncorhynchus masou masou (Sancheoneo, Songeo, Sakura-masu or Yamame), O. masou ishikawae (Satsuki-masu or Amago), O. sp. (Biwa-masu), and O. formosanus (Taiwanese salmon), based on molecular, morphological and biological studies. Marine fishes are discussed under the following headings, brackish-water fishes (fishes of brackish waters and seas adjacent to continental coastlines, North Pacific and Indo-West Pacific elements; fishes of brackish waters and seas primarily around islands, Indo-West Pacific element), reef fishes (fishes of inshore reefs along continental coastlines from 0 to ca.100 m depth, Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of inshore reefs primarily around islands from 0 to ca.100 m depth, Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of offshore reefs along continental shelf edges from ca.150 to 300 m depth, circumtropical and Indo-Pacific elements; fishes of offshore reefs primarily around islands from ca.150 to 300 m depth, Indo-Pacific element), demersal fishes (fishes on continental shelves shallower than ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific and Japan-Oregon elements; fishes on edges and upper continental slopes from ca.150 m to 500 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific, and circumtropical elements; fishes on lower continental slopes to abyssal plains from ca.500 m to 6,000 m depth, circumtropical element and rarely Indo-Pacific element), pelagic fishes (epipelagic fishes from 0 to ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific or circumtropical elements; meso- and bathypelagic fishes from ca.150 to 3,000 m depth, circumtropical element). The distribution of Taiwanese marine fishes are influenced by the Kuroshio Current, low-salinity and low-temperature waters from mainland China, and sea-bottom topography.