• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 2010

Usability of soil quality monitoring network for ascertaining soil quality changes was evaluated by analysing soil quality monitoring results. Tolerance limits of soil quality monitoring results from 1997 to 2007 were calculated and compared with Korean soil quality standards. This study determined that soil quality was changed if the upper 95% tolerance limit value was greater than the soil quality standard. Fluoride most frequently exceeded the soil quality standard and nickel, zinc, arsenic, copper, lead and cadmium were followed. Analysis on land use showed that tolerance limits of industrial land use most frequently exceeded the soil quality standards and residential, road and various land uses then frequently exceeded. Tolerance limits of land uses expecting high contaminant loads frequently exceeded the soil quality standards. This fact imply that the soil quality monitoring network generates reasonable data to represent change in Korean soil quality. This study also suggested that representative sampling from well identified points should be done to improve data reliability and accurately ascertain soil quality changes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

Purpose - There has been little research on the variables influencing studio apartment values. This study aims to identify variables affecting the value of studio apartments in Seoul by empirically examining the interaction between sale prices and characteristics studio apartment characteristics. Research design, data, and methodology - We have analyzed data pertaining to 142 studio apartments in September 2010. A regression analysis model is constructed to test the significance of the variables in relation to the studio apartment sale prices per m2 in Seoul. Results - The age of the building is comparatively more significant than land use as the explanatory variable. Land price is the key variable affecting studio apartment sale prices and investors are willing to pay high implicit sale prices for locations that are associated with high land prices. Conclusions - The age of buildings explains a significant portion of the variability of the sale prices of studio apartment. Higher land prices result in higher sale prices for studio apartments. The older the buildings, the lower the sale prices of the studio apartments.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 1998

Air contaminant density must be inferred exactly to manage air pollution. Each land use of air pollution source is duplicated in the existing air contaminant distribution because the resolution of the land use map is low. The purpose of this study is to understand how the land use map is used to determine effectively in the distribution calculation of the emission volume and the inference of air contaminant density, as it is made in a high resolution. The major findings are as follows : In this study, as to making a high resolution($28.5m{\times}28.5m$) map of land use with GIS, each air pollution source is not duplicated spatially and land use can be reflected effectively. In Seoul, each air contaminant density was inferred (using a TCM-2 model) with the existing distribution map of emission volume, whose resolution is $1km{\times}1km$, and the new distribution map of emission volume, whose resolution is $28.5km{\times}28.5km$. According to the result, the inference value of the new distribution map was more similar to the actual value of an automatic survey network.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

Climate change is considered a severe global problem closely related to carbon storage. However, recent urbanization and land-use changes reduce carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems. Recently, the role of protected areas has been emphasized as a countermeasure to the climate change, and protected areas allow the area to continue to serve as a carbon sink due to legal restrictions. This study attempted to expand the scope of these protected areas to an evaluation-based environmental spatial information theme map. In this study, the area of each grade was compared, and the distribution of land cover for each grade was analyzed using the Ecological and Nature Map, Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map and Urban Ecological Map of Sejong Special Self-Governing City. Based on this, the average carbon storage for each grade was derived using the InVEST Carbon model. As a result of the analysis, the high-grade area of the environmental spatial information generally showed a wide area of the natural area represented by the forest area, and accordingly, the carbon storage amount was evaluated to be high. However, there are differences in the purpose of production, evaluation items, and evaluation methods between each environmental spatial information, there are differences in area, land cover, and carbon storage. Through this study, environmental spatial information based on the evaluation map can be used for land use management in the carbon aspect, and it is expected that a management plan for each grade suitable for the characteristics of each environmental spatial information is required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2008

Recently, reckless exploitation of land resources without much consideration for the environmental value of the land has been witnessed to accommodate the ever-increasing demands for regional development. Fragmentation due to land development is a major reason for the declining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the relationship between the factors of land development and forest fragmentation in 13 watersheds of a metropolitan area and (2) to suggest a forest management plan through the relationship. We carried out a factor analysis to determine explanatory axes of forest fragmentation, and then conducted a correlation analysis between the factor scores and the factor of land development, such as the rate of built-up areas, road density, number of built-up patches, and area of housing developments. The first explanatory axis represented stability of landscape highly related with the rate of the built-up area and road density. The second axis represented the level of fragment highly related with a number of built-up patches. Forest fragmentation patterns of the 13 watersheds were classified for the similarity in forest fragmentation. This study presents the forest management plans including distribution and level of land development and forest conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 1995

This study begins with a question of what spatial impact international trade policy would have following the Uruguay Round, particularly focusing on agricultural trade liberalization in Korea. Based upon the neoclassical urban economic model, it first identifies the channel in which agricultural market opening can ultimately affect both rural and urban are as; $\circled1$ Free trade will depress domestic price of agricultural products, $\circled2$ which will in turn depreciate agricultural land price. $\circled3$ The decrease in marginal supply cost for urban land will then facilitate urban sprawl, provided that the government relaxes restrictions on urban-rural land conversion. Theoretical analysis is further refined by empirical considerations that distinguish agricultural land value solely for production purpose from that for future urban, uses, and that distinguish the urbanization effect caused by the fall in the supply cost of urban land from that caused by the existing high level of demand. Utilizing the estimate of bid-price for paddy field derived from the revenue-cost relationship of rice production, simulation results show that the urban-rural boundary under trade liberalization can expand outward up to 70-85km radius in the Seoul metropolitan area, suggesting the emergency of a metropolis or even a megalopolis which extends from Seoul to the central part of the country. Since the geographic extent of urbanization effect can vary depending upon the urban spatial structure, however, it is recommended that the redevelopment option in the built - up area should always be tied up with the issue of whether to deregulate rural-to-urban land conversion.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 1982

Rhizobium japonicum was isolated from the nodule of soybean root grown at the reclaimed tidal land in Kang-Wha island. The effect of pH and salt concentration to the viability of the isolated strain were examined in relationship between microbial growth and accumulation of PHB. Optimal pH value for the good viability of the isolated strain was 7.0 and also, at 5.0 and 6.0 viability was favorable to large extent, but 9.0 was unfavorable. Examined the effect of salt concentration treated two times as of the salinity in the reclaimed tidal land, viability of the isolated strain showed about 30 to 40%. And also in treatment with NaCl(40g/l) whatever the pH value adopted, viability was mostly less than 10%. The amount of accumulated PHB was relatively high at low pH value(5-6) and at high salt concentrration, respectively.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

Advanced glazing systems with excellent heat transmission values (Ug-Value) have been developed to reduce the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emission. This study proposes a triple glazing system consisting of gaps with a vacuum and a carbon dioxide gas layer which is one of greenhouse gases. As a fundamental stage, this study is focused on calculating the optimal glazing thickness and the Ug-Value via a computer simulation, Therm & Window package. As the results, it was presented that the optimal thickness of the proposed triple glazing system is 22.2 mm, and the Ug-Value is 0.273 W/㎡·K. If this glazing system is to be applied to buildings, it could not only reduce building energy consumption but could also contribute to the treatment of carbon dioxide gas which is one of greenhouse gases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.10-31
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• 2021

The mixed-use concept definition, this study reveals, is that the mixing three or more major types of urban uses implements for economical, social and environmental values in our urban space. With this definition the study explores Seoul's mixed-use phenomenon. The quantification method, the study uses, is the relative entropy which calculate the balance of each urban use in a certain area. The relative entropy method, also known as the LUM(land-use mix score), uses three urban-use categories which is derived from the mixed-use concept definition. Hundreds of building-use types in the building regulations are categorized and calculate the LUM of Seoul's legal-status neighborhoods. The result interpreted as the criteria of Seoul's mixed-use phenomenon and categorize mixed land-use status in a certain value: 'non mixed-use' category has a value 0.631 and below, 'unbalanced mixed-use' category has a value between 0.631 and 0.884, 'balanced mixed-use' category has a value between 0.884 and 0.991 and 'complete mixed-use' category has a value 0.991 and over.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

A "Scenic Site" is an official heritage category legally defined as a "scenic site of outstanding artistic value with excellent scenic views." However, the subjective interpretation of the term causes several problems. This study suggested a systematic, organized process of designating a listed area as a scenic site after careful and detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis. Indicators were identified for each of the two analyses, and then scored and weighted. Quantitative indicators were distributed within 5 points for each indicator. Water, which is a natural indicator, based on distance from river boundaries. Forest landscapes were assigned in consideration of forest physiognomy and age class. Land use was allocated in consideration of land cover type and, in case of development site, '-' score was assigned. Cultural heritage conservation area, which is historical and cultural indicator, was distributed by distance within a maximum of 500 meters. Visibility, an indicator of landscape value, was assigned according to the frequency of visibility. The weight of each indicator was calculated by considering the value of each item. The weight of distribution of cultural resources is relatively high, while other items were set the same. In case of land use, however, '-' score was given according to the grade. Qualitative indicators, on the other hand, were considered terrain, landscape zone, ownership, intellectual boundary, and land category. The applicability of the proposed process and method was examined by applying the existing methods and criteria used for designating scenic spots. Opinions of subject-matter experts were incorporated in the identification of the indicators and in the result review stage. In the future, it is necessary to apply this method while designating scenic sites so as to establish an objective, scientific designation process.